Owing to their high surface area, stability, and functional groups on the surface, iron oxide hydroxide nanoparticles have attracted attention as enzymatic support. In this work, a chemometric approach was performed, aiming at the optimization of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization process on Δ-FeOOH nanoparticles (NPs). The enzyme/NPs ratio (X1), pH (X2), temperature (X3), and time (X4) were the independent variables analyzed, and immobilized enzyme activity was the response variable (Y). The effects of the factors were studied using a factorial design at two levels (-1 and 1). The biocatalyst obtained was evaluated for the ferulic acid (FA) removal, a pollutant model. The materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images indicated changes in material morphology. The independent variables X1 (-0.57), X2 (0.71), and X4 (0.42) presented the significance effects estimate. The variable combinations resulted in two significance effects estimates, X1*X2 (-0.57) and X2*X4 (0.39). The immobilized HRP by optimized conditions (X1 = 1/63 (enzyme/NPs ratio, X2 = pH 8, X4 = 60 °C, and 30 min) showed high efficiency for FA oxidation (82%).
- MeSH
- biokatalýza MeSH
- difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
- enzymy imobilizované metabolismus MeSH
- křenová peroxidasa metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- kyseliny kumarové chemie metabolismus MeSH
- nanočástice chemie MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- železité sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cancer cells generally possess higher levels of reactive oxygen species than normal cells, and this can serve as a possible therapeutic target. In this proof-of-concept study, an antioxidant-inspired drug discovery strategy was evaluated using a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative. The processing of oxidized mixtures of p-coumaric acid methyl ester (pcm) revealed a new antitumor lead, graviquinone. Graviquinone bypassed ABCB1-mediated resistance, induced DNA damage in lung carcinoma cells but exerted DNA protective activity in normal keratinocytes, and modulated DNA damage response in MCF-7 cells. The cytotoxic effect of pcm in MCF-7 cells was potentiated under H2O2-induced oxidative stress, and the formation of graviquinone was confirmed by Fenton's reaction on pcm. In silico density functional theory calculations suggested graviquinone as a kinetic product of pcm-scavenging •OH radicals. Our results demonstrate the pharmacological value of an in situ-formed, oxidative stress-related metabolite of an antioxidant. This might be of particular importance for designing new strategies for antioxidant-based drug discovery.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- chemorezistence účinky léků MeSH
- cyklohexanony farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- hydroxylový radikál chemie MeSH
- kyseliny kumarové chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- objevování léků MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- poškození DNA účinky léků MeSH
- scavengery volných radikálů farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- signální transdukce účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Scadoxus puniceus (Amaryllidaceae), a medicinal plant of high value in South Africa, is used as a component of a traditional herbal tonic prescribed to treat several ailments. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantified the phenolic compounds in different organs of S. puniceus. Gravity column chromatography was used to separate fractions and active compounds. The structure of these compounds was determined using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopic techniques. A microplate technique was used to determine the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the pure compounds. Metabolite profiling revealed a greater profusion of hydroxycinnamic acids (69.5%), as opposed to hydroxybenzoic acids (30.5%). Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant (49.6% of hydroxycinnamic acids) compound. In addition to chlorogenic acid, the study is the first to report the presence of sinapic, gallic, and m-hydroxybenzoic acids in the Amaryllidaceae. Chromatographic separation of S. puniceus led to the isolation of haemanthamine (1), haemanthidine (2), and a rare chlorinated amide, metolachlor (3), the natural occurrence of which is described for the first time. Haemanthamine, haemanthidine, and metolachlor displayed strong acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 ; 23.1, 23.7, and 11.5 μM, respectively). These results substantiate the frequent use of S. puniceus as a medicinal plant and hold much promise for further pharmaceutical development.
- MeSH
- acetamidy chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- alkaloidy amarylkovitých chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Amaryllidaceae chemie metabolismus MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- fenantridiny chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- kyseliny kumarové chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jihoafrická republika MeSH
The environmental fate of airborne nanoparticles and their toxicity to plants is not yet fully understood. Pot-grown barley plants with second leaves developed were therefore exposed to CdO nanoparticles (CdONPs) of ecologically relevant size (7-60 nm) and concentration (2.03 ± 0.45 × 10(5) particles cm(-3)) in air for 3 weeks. An experiment was designed to test the effects of different treatments when only leaves (T1); leaves and soil substrate (T2); and leaves, soil, and water supply were exposed to nanoparticles (T3). A fourth, control group of plants was left without treatment (T0). Although CdONPs were directly absorbed by leaves from the air, a part of leaf-allocated Cd was also transported from roots by transpiration flow. Chromatographic assays revealed that CdONPs had a significant effect on total content of primary metabolites (amino acids and saccharides) but no significant effect on total content of secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds, Krebs cycle acids, and fatty acids). In addition, the compositions of individual metabolite classes were affected by CdONP treatment. For example, tryptophan and phenylalanine were the most affected amino acids in both analysed organs, while ferulic acid and isovitexin constituted the polyphenols most affected in leaves. Even though CdONP treatment had no effect on total fatty acids content, there were significant changes in the composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in both the roots and leaves of treated plants. Although the results indicate the most pronounced effect in T3 plants as compared to T1 and T2 plants, even just leaf exposure to CdONPs has the potential to induce changes in plant metabolism.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- apigenin metabolismus MeSH
- fenoly metabolismus MeSH
- ječmen (rod) účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny kumarové metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- listy rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- nanočástice toxicita MeSH
- oxidy toxicita MeSH
- sekundární metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- sloučeniny kadmia toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Polyphenols and phenolic acid are able to slow down or prevent oxidation processes and are therefore thought to have important effects in malting and brewing. Laccase catalyses the oxidation of a wide variety of substrates, including polyphenols. The aim of this paper was to determine the changes in polyphenol compounds and the relative expression of the HvLac1 gene during malting. RESULTS: The dominant phenolic acid was ferulic acid. The amount of ferulic acid increased, whereas the amount of vanillic acid decreased during malting. The highest levels of expression of the HvLac1 gene were observed during the third air rest period in varieties with the 'Haruna Nijo' (HN) allele, as recommended for the production of beer with the protected geographical indication (PGI) 'Česke pivo' (Czech beer), whereas the highest expression was observed in the first day of germination in varieties with the 'Morex' (M) allele. However, the profiles of HvLac1 gene expression in varieties with alternative alleles during malting were similar, and the level of polyphenol compounds throughout malting was different. CONCLUSION: The polyphenol contents in barley increased several-fold during malting, and the degree of increase differed with variety. The expression of HvLac1 transcript was similar in every barley variety.
- MeSH
- ječmen (rod) enzymologie MeSH
- kyseliny kumarové chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lakasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- polyfenoly chemie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese enzymů fyziologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin fyziologie MeSH
- semenáček enzymologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A better understanding of phytohormone physiology can provide an essential basis to coherently achieve a conservation drive/strategy for valuable plant species. We evaluated the distribution pattern of cytokinins (CKs) and phenolic compounds in different organs of 1-year-old greenhouse-grown Tulbaghia simmleri pre-treated (during micropropagation) with three aromatic CKs (benzyladenine = BA, meta-topolin = mT, meta-topolin riboside = mTR). The test species is highly valuable due to its medicinal and ornamental uses. Based on UHPLC-MS/MS quantification, mT and mTR pre-treated plants had the highest total CK, mostly resulting from the isoprenoid CK-type, which occurred at highest concentrations in the roots. Although occurring in much lower concentrations when compared to isoprenoid CKs, aromatic CKs were several-fold more abundant in the root of mT pre-treated plants than with other treatments. Possibly related to the enhanced aromatic CKs, free bases and ribonucleotides, plants pre-treated with mT generally displayed better morphology than the other treatments. A total of 12 bioactive phenolic compounds, including four hydroxybenzoic acids, five hydroxycinnamic acids and three flavonoids at varying concentrations, were quantified in T. simmleri. The occurrence, distribution and levels of these phenolic compounds were strongly influenced by the CK pre-treatments, thereby confirming the importance of CKs in phenolic biosynthesis pathways.
- MeSH
- cytokininy metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- fenoly metabolismus MeSH
- flavonoidy metabolismus MeSH
- hydroxybenzoáty metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny kumarové metabolismus MeSH
- liliovité účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
