Epidemie onemocnění COVID-19 a s ním související sledování jeho původce v odpadních vodách vedly k mimořádnému rozvoji monitorování či surveillance odpadních vod. Využití této surveillance už dnes nespočívá jen ve sledování viru či jiného infekčního agens, ale ve sledování řady chemických látek a metabolitů, ze kterých lze usuzovat na zdravotní stav, chování a dokonce i socioekonomický status sledované populace. Tento druh výzkumu a především zveřejňování jeho výsledků, které se svou povahou blíží citlivým osobním údajům nebo mohou stigmatizovat různé skupiny obyvatel, přitom dnes nemá jasný právní a etický rámec, což by mělo být urychleně napraveno.
The COVID-19 epidemic and associated monitoring of its causative agent in wastewater has led to an exceptional development of wastewater surveillance. This surveillance no longer entails mere monitoring of viruses or other infectious agents, but comprises examination of a number of chemicals and metabolites from which the health condition, behaviour, and indeed the socioeconomic status of a monitored population can be discerned. This type of research, which by its nature deals with sensitive personal data or may stigmatise various population groups does not currently have a clear legal and ethical framework. The situation should be rapidly remedied.
NRL pro enteroviry v rámci environmentální surveillance vyšetřuje odpadní vody z čističek 9 měst, 2 pobytových středisek a 3 zařízení pro zajištění cizinců. V roce 2021 bylo vyšetřeno 159 vzorků odpadních vod. 73 vzorků bylo uzavřeno jako negativní, 86 jako pozitivní. Pozitivní vzorky byly určeny jako non-polio-enteroviry (NPEV), viabilních z nich bylo 27 vzorků. Současně bylo všech otestováno 159 vzorků z odpadních vod na přítomnost RNA SARS-CoV-2, z nichž 25 bylo pozitivních.
Within environmental surveillance, the National Reference Laboratory for Enteroviruses screens wastewater from sewage treatment plants in nine cities, two accommodation centres, and three detention facilities for foreigners. In 2021, 159 sewage samples were analysed. Seventy-three samples turned out negative and 86 were positive. The detected viruses were identified as non-polio-enteroviruses (NPEV), remaining viable in 27 samples. The 159 sewage samples were tested for the presence of RNA SARS-CoV-2, of which 25 turned out positive.
Numerous serotypes which belong to the genus Enterovirus (EV) show variability in their virulence and clinical manifestations. They are also known to undergo changes caused by mutations and recombination during their circulation in the environment and the population. Various EV serotypes are prevalent in groundwater, wastewater and surface waters. Our previous studies showed that oral infection induces pancreatitis depending on specific conditions, such as gravidity, in an outbred murine model. Our aim in the present study was to further explore the pancreatic histopathology in an outbred mouse model following oral infection with clinical isolates from a patient who had aseptic meningitis and an isolate from a treated-sewage sample recovered from the residential area of the patient. The isolates were identified as coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) in tissue culture. The CVB4 sewage-isolate induced pancreatitis after oral infection. In contrast, pancreatitis was absent following infection with the clinical isolates. Comparison of polyprotein sequences showed that the treated-sewage strains differed from the patient's isolates by 9 and 11 amino acids. We conclude that the isolates of clinical and environmental origin differed in their pathogenic properties and showed genetic variation.
- MeSH
- coxsackie virózy * virologie MeSH
- enterovirus B lidský * patogenita fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- odpadní vody * virologie MeSH
- pankreatitida * chemicky indukované virologie MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Klebsiella pneumoniae (family Enterobacteriaceae) is a gram-negative bacterium that has strong pathogenicity to humans and can cause sepsis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. In recent years, the unreasonable use of antibacterial drugs has led to an increase in drug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae, a serious threat to public health. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, are ubiquitous in the natural environment. They are considered to be the most promising substitute for antibiotics because of their high specificity, high efficiency, high safety, low cost, and short development cycle. In this study, a novel phage designated vB_KpnP_IME279 was successfully isolated from hospital sewage using a multidrug-resistant strain of K. pneumoniae as an indicator. A one-step growth curve showed that vB_KpnP_IME279 has a burst size of 140 plaque-forming units/cell and a latent period of 20 min at its optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI = 0.1). Phage vB_KpnP_IME279 survives in a wide pH range between 3 and 11 and is stable at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C. Ten of the 20 strains of K. pneumoniae including the host bacteria were lysed by the phage vB_KpnP_IME279, and the multilocus sequence typing and wzi typing of the 10 strains were ST11, ST37, ST375, wzi209, wzi52, and wzi72, respectively. The genome of vB_KpnP_IME279 is 42,518 bp long with a G + C content of 59.3%. Electron microscopic observation showed that the phage belongs to the family Podoviridae. BLASTN alignment showed that the genome of the phage has low similarity with currently known phages. The evolutionary relationship between phage vB_KpnP_IME279 and other Podoviridae was analyzed using a phylogenetic tree based on sequences of phage major capsid protein and indicates that the phage vB_KpnP_IME279 belongs to the Podoviridae subfamily. These data enhance understanding of K. pneumoniae phages and will help in development of treatments for multidrug-resistant bacteria using phages.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriofágy klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- Klebsiella pneumoniae účinky léků izolace a purifikace virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
- mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- odpadní vody mikrobiologie virologie MeSH
- Podoviridae klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- zastoupení bazí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
NRL pro enteroviry v rámci environmentální surveillance vyšetřuje odpadní vody z čističek 9 měst a 5 uprchlických táborů. V roce 2019 bylo vyšetřeno 162 vzorků odpadních vod. Ve 23 vzorcích byly zachyceny enteroviry, které byly určeny jako non-polio-enteroviry (NPEV).
Within environmental surveillance, the National Reference Laboratory for Enteroviruses screens wastewater from sewage treatment plants in nine cities and five refugee camps in the Czech Republic. In 2019, 162 sewage samples were analysed. In 23 of these samples, enteroviruses were detected and identified as non-polio-enteroviruses (NPEV).
NRL pro enteroviry v rámci environmentální surveillance vyšetřuje odpadní vody z čističek devíti měst a pětiuprchlických táborů v České republice. V roce 2017 bylo vyšetřeno 173 vzorků odpadních vod, v 39 vzorcích byly nalezeny non-polio enteroviry (NPEV).
Within environmental surveillance, the National Reference Laboratory for Enteroviruses screens wastewater fromsewage treatment plants in nine cities and five refugee camps in the Czech Republic. In 2017, 173 sewage sampleswere analyzed, and in 39 of them, non-polio-enteroviruses (NPEV) were detected.
NRL pro enteroviry v rámci environmentální surveillance vyšetřuje odpadní vody z čističek 9 měst a 5 uprchlických táborů. V roce 2015 bylo vyšetřeno 176 vzorků odpadních vod. 165 vzorků bylo uzavřeno jako negativní, 11 jako pozitivní. Pozitivní vzorky byly určeny jako non-polio-enteroviry (NPEV).
Within environmental surveillance, the National Reference Laboratory for Enteroviruses screens wastewater from sewage treatment plants in nine cities and five refugee camps. In 2015, 176 wastewater samples were analyzed, 165 of which turned out to be negative and 11 to be positive. The pathogens detected in the positive samples were identified as non-polio-enteroviruses (NPEV).
- MeSH
- Enterovirus * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- odpadní vody * virologie MeSH
- Poliovirus * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- uprchlíci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- tabulky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections, especially in patients with immunodeficiency. It exhibits multiple mechanisms of resistance, including efflux pumps, antibiotic modifying enzymes and limited membrane permeability. The primary reason for the development of novel therapeutics for P. aeruginosa infections is the declining efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapy. These clinical problems caused a revitalization of interest in bacteriophages, which are highly specific and have very effective antibacterial activity as well as several other advantages over traditional antimicrobial agents. Above all, so far, no serious or irreversible side effects of phage therapy have been described. Five newly purified P. aeruginosa phages named vB_PaeM_WP1, vB_PaeM_WP2, vB_PaeM_WP3, vB_PaeM_WP4 and vB_PaeP_WP5 have been characterized as potential candidates for use in phage therapy. They are representatives of the Myoviridae and Podoviridae families. Their host range, genome size, structural proteins and stability in various physical and chemical conditions were tested. The results of these preliminary investigations indicate that the newly isolated bacteriophages may be considered for use in phagotherapy.
- MeSH
- bakteriofágy klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- biologická terapie MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- Myoviridae klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- odpadní vody virologie MeSH
- Podoviridae klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- pseudomonádové infekce mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa virologie MeSH
- virové proteiny genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
