Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a severe problem caused by fungi in human and plant species across the world. They pose a worldwide threat to food security as well as human health. Fungal infections are increasing now day by day worldwide, and the current antimycotic drugs are not effective due to the emergence of resistant strains. Therefore, it is an urgent need for the finding of new plant-origin antifungal peptides (PhytoAFPs). Huge numbers of peptides were extracted from different plant species which play a protective role against fungal infection. Hundreds of plant-origin peptides with antifungal activity have already been reported. So there is a requirement of a dedicated platform which systematically catalogs plant-origin peptides along with their antifungal properties. PlantAFP database is a resource of experimentally verified plant-origin antifungal peptides, collected from research articles, patents, and public databases. The current release of PlantAFP database contains 2585 peptide entries among which 510 are unique peptides. Each entry provides comprehensive information of a peptide that includes its peptide sequence, peptide name, peptide class, length of the peptide, molecular mass, antifungal activity, and origin of peptides. Besides this primary information, PlantAFP stores peptide sequences in SMILES format. In order to facilitate the user, many tools have been integrated into this database that includes BLAST search, peptide search, SMILES search, and peptide-mapping is also included in the database. PlantAFP database is accessible at http://bioinformatics.cimap.res.in/sharma/PlantAFP/.
Potato proteins are well known for their nutritional, emulsifying, foaming, gel forming or antioxidant properties that all make from them valuable protein source for food industry. Antifungal, antimicrobial and also antiviral properties, described for potato proteins in the review, enrich the possibilities of potato protein usage. Potato proteins were divided into patatin, protease inhibitors and fraction of other proteins that also included, besides others, proteins involved in potato defence physiology. All these proteins groups provide proteins and peptides with antifungal and/or antimicrobial actions. Patatins, obtained from cultivars with resistance to Phytophthora infestans, were able to inhibit spore germination of this pathogen. Protease inhibitors represent the structurally heterogeneous group with broad range of antifungal and antimicrobial activities. Potato protease inhibitors I and II reduced the growth of Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea or of the fungi of Fusarium genus. Members of Kunitz family (proteins Potide-G, AFP-J, Potamin-1 or PG-2) were able to inhibit serious pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli or Candida albicans. Potato snakins, defensins and pseudothionins are discussed for their ability to inhibit serious potato fungi as well as bacterial pathogens. Potato proteins with the ability to inhibit growth of pathogens were used for developing of pathogen-resistant transgenic plants for crop improvement. Incorporation of potato antifungal and antimicrobial proteins in feed and food products or food packages for elimination of hygienically risk pathogens brings new possibility of potato protein usage.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- Candida albicans účinky léků MeSH
- fungicidy průmyslové chemie farmakologie MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- karboxylesterhydrolasy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Listeria monocytogenes účinky léků MeSH
- peptidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Phytophthora účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Solanum tuberosum chemie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Proteins were obtained from effluent of a starch manufacture by using different isolation temperatures (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C). The proteins, remaining in effluent after treatment of potato juice at 80 and 100 °C differed significantly in composition and in structural stability as well as in trypsin inhibitory and antifungal activities in comparison with the variants of 40 and 60 °C. The protein samples of 80 °C exhibited the highest antifungal activity and its average value of IC50 against five strains of two Fusarium species was determined in average at 0.18 mg ml-1. The 80 °C protein samples consisted predominantly of low-molecular proteins (7-17 kDa) identified as potato tuber protease inhibitors I and II. Predominantly, protease inhibitors II were identified for the protein samples obtained by 100 °C and here we identified 7 spots in comparison with 12 identified for the 80 °C samples. Samples of 40 and 60 °C with low antifungal activities represent high variability of detected and identified proteins. We identified various representatives of aspartic, cysteine, and serine protease inhibitors in both types of samples. These samples also contained Kunitz-type protease inhibitors that were not found in the 80 and 100 °C samples which documented thermal unstableness of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors. Functional stability at high temperatures and antifungal activity of isolated potato protease inhibitors I and II support the potential of this fraction usage in food, feed, pharmaceutical, or agricultural industry and offer new products for starch manufactures. At the same time, utilization of the stable protein fraction of waste deproteinized potato water promotes exploitation of potato starch production resources.
- MeSH
- 2D gelová elektroforéza MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Fusarium účinky léků MeSH
- hlízy rostlin chemie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- proteomika MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- škrob MeSH
- Solanum tuberosum chemie MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- stabilita proteinů MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The importance of alternative or adjunct treatments to the gluten-free diet in celiac disease is now being recognized. This paper discusses the scientific principles behind the use of caricain for enzyme therapy. Objective: To review the structures of the toxic peptides in A-gliadin that relate to those found by other workers insofar as having key sequences of amino acids or motifs which relate to toxicity, especially in regard to difficulty of digestion or immunogenicity. Methods: Structures of synthetic A-gliadin peptides shown to be toxic in the fetal chick assay were examined before and after digestion with duodenal mucosa from patients in long remission. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the undigested residues were also assayed and the key amino acid sequences compared in order to determine if they could be related to direct toxicity and immunogenicity of the peptides. Results: The results showed that the smallest toxic peptides from celiac mucosal digestion were octa-peptides and that they were obtained in greater yield than similar products from normal digestion. One of those peptides corresponded to residues 12-19 of A-gliadin and contained the key motifs PSQQ and QQQP of De Ritis et al. , whilst the other corresponded to residues 72-79 and contained the key motif PYPQ (extending to PYPQPQ), observed by other workers, especially those who have been investigating immunological activity over the past two decades. Conclusions: The presence of key motifs in undigested residues from celiac mucosal digestion and the greater prevalence of these residues compared with residues from normal digestion justifies our work on enzyme therapy. These studies have also indicated that our use of caricain as an enzyme capable of digesting peptides with two different types of toxicity has a sound scientific basis.
- Klíčová slova
- caricain,
- MeSH
- celiakie * enzymologie terapie MeSH
- cysteinové endopeptidasy farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- enzymoterapie * MeSH
- gliadin * chemie metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- gluteny toxicita účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proteolýza MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvenční analýza proteinů MeSH
- střevní sliznice patologie MeSH
- tenké střevo patologie MeSH
- tyrosin MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Plants protect themselves from pathogen invasion through the local expression of a variety of pathogenesis-related proteins. They are highly diverse in both primary structure and length, and exhibit different direct antimicrobial activity. This text reviews the knowledge of osmotin, antimicrobial protein involved in innate immunity of plants. Osmotin belongs to the fifth class of the group of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and has been found in different plants species, in every case osmotin is cysteine-rich protein involved in plant defense responses to several pathogens and abiotic stresses. The phylogenetic tree of amino acids compositions of osmotins from different plant species is presented and the basic similarities of clusters are discussed in this review. Osmotin gene is activated by different biotic as well as abiotic signals and has many functions. The review summarizes biochemical and structural properties, induction, functions and structural homology between osmotin and other proteins. Recent data about recombinant production in bacterial and plant cells are examined. The article indicates possible ways of osmotin application in research in the field of functional biology, medicine and agriculture.
- MeSH
- antifungální látky chemie imunologie farmakologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- nemoci rostlin imunologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin * MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny genetika imunologie farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny genetika imunologie farmakologie MeSH
- salinita MeSH
- sekundární struktura proteinů MeSH
- tabák genetika imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
- vodní a elektrolytová rovnováha MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The antiproliferative and antitumor effect of leaf ribonuclease was tested in vitro on the human ML-2 tumor cell line and in vivo on athymic nude mice bearing human melanoma tumors. The antiproliferative activity of this plant ribonuclease in vitro studies was negligible. In the experiments in vivo a significant decrease of the tumor size, however was observed. From nucleases the mung bean nuclease (PhA) was studied first from nucleases. The antitumor effect of this enzyme on ML2 human tumor cell line was almost non-effective. However, significant antitumor activity was detected on human melanoma tumors in vivo. The antitumor effect of black pine pollen nuclease (PN) tested in vitro was also negligible. On the other side, in the experiments in vivo a significant decrease of the human melanoma tumor size was observed too. Recombinant plant nucleases of tomato (TBN1) and hop (HBN1) (submitted to patenting under no. PV 2008-384;Z7585) were isolated to homogeneity and examined for their antitumor effects and cytotoxicity. Although antiproliferative effects of both recombinant nucleases were not significant on the ML-2 cell culture in vitro, the nucleases were strongly cytostatic in vivo after their administration intravenously as stabilized conjugates with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Recombinant both nucleases were as effective against human melanoma tumors as previously studied pine pollen (PN) and mung bean nucleases and their effects were reached at about ten times lower concentrations compared to the use of bovine seminal RNase (BS-RNase).
- MeSH
- endonukleasy farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanom farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- myši nahé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- ribonukleasy farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- xenogenní modely - testy antitumorózní aktivity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
