Nanostructured materials have been suggested to be used as a source of dietary zinc for livestock animals. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of newly synthesized nanostructured zinc carbonate hydroxide (ZnCH) Zn5(CO3)(OH)6microflakes. Cytotoxicity of the microflakes was assessed against murine L929 cell line and rat mature erythrocytes. Viability, motility, cell death pathways, implication of Ca2+, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) signaling, caspases, and alterations of cell membranes following exposure of L929 cells to the microflakes were assessed. To assess hemocompatibility of the Zn-containing microflakes, osmotic fragility and hemolysis assays were performed, as well as multiple eryptosis parameters were evaluated. Our findings indicate a dose-response cytotoxicity of ZnCH microflakes against L929 cells with no toxicity observed for low concentrations (10 mg l-1and below). At high concentrations (25 mg l-1and above), ZnCH microflakes promoted nitrosyl stress, Ca2+- and caspase-dependent apoptosis, and altered lipid order of cell membranes in a dose-dependent manner, evidenced by up to 7-fold elevation of RNS-dependent fluorescence, 2.9-fold enhancement of Fura 2-dependent fluorescence, over 20-fold elevation of caspases-dependent fluorescence (caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9), and up to 4.4-fold increase in the ratiometric index of the NR12S probe. Surprisingly, toxicity to enucleated mature erythrocytes was found to be lower compared to L929 cells. ZnCH microflakes induced eryptosis associated with oxidative stress, nitrosyl stress, Ca2+signaling and recruitment of caspases at 25-50-100 mg l-1. Eryptosis assays were found to be more sensitive than evaluation of hemolysis. Zn5(CO3)(OH)6microflakes show no cytotoxicity at low concentrations indicating their potential as a source of zinc for livestock animals.
- Klíčová slova
- cytotoxicity, eryptosis, erythrocytes, reactive oxygen species, regulated cell death,
- MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- eryptóza účinky léků MeSH
- erytrocyty * účinky léků MeSH
- hemolýza účinky léků MeSH
- hydroxidy chemie toxicita MeSH
- kaspasy metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nanostruktury * toxicita chemie MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- sloučeniny zinku toxicita chemie MeSH
- uhličitany chemie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zinek chemie toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hydroxidy MeSH
- kaspasy MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- sloučeniny zinku MeSH
- uhličitany MeSH
- zinek MeSH
This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which Zn retards Fe toxicity by analyzing the morphological, photosynthetic, and chloroplast physiological parameters of wheat seedlings treated with either single or combined Zn and Fe. Different behavior of the seedlings was observed under untreated and treated conditions. The most discriminating quantitative traits were associated with leaf area, biomass dry mass and fresh mass, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate of seedlings, Hill reaction, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities, malondialdehyde and O2 ·- contents, and glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and their gene expression in the seedling chloroplast. The obtained findings suggest the important function of an appropriate Zn concentration in preventing Fe toxicity. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the effects of Zn on Fe-stressed plant growth is beneficial for sustainable agriculture.
- Klíčová slova
- Fe stress, Zn treatment, antioxidant reaction, chloroplast, wheat,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia * metabolismus MeSH
- chloroplasty * účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- fotosyntéza * účinky léků MeSH
- listy rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- malondialdehyd metabolismus MeSH
- pšenice * účinky léků metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- semenáček * účinky léků metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- železo * metabolismus MeSH
- zinek * toxicita metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia * MeSH
- malondialdehyd MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa MeSH
- železo * MeSH
- zinek * MeSH
Cd toxicity emerges as a major environmental concern with detrimental impacts on global agricultural systems and food safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need to cope with the high concentration of Cd in the soil and crops. This study elucidates the potential of iron (FeBC) and zinc doped biochar (ZnBC) on the growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Cd-contaminated soil. The parallels of biochemical attributes and Cd absorption of Cicer arietinum L. were investigated after a 120-day pot trial under 1% (w/w) biochar doses and two Cd concentrations (25 and 50 mg kg-1). The results demonstrated that FeBC was more effective in promoting plant growth by reducing Cd mobility in soil than ZnBC and normal biochar (NBC). Additionally, the application of FeBC resulted in significant improvement in photosynthesis rate (53.98%), transpiration rate (91.53%), stomatal conductance (197%), and sub-stomatal conductance (213.33%) compared to other applied treatments. Cd uptake in roots, shoots, and grains was reduced by 44.19%, 56.89%, and 88.25% respectively with the application of FeBC. Notably, the highest decrease in Cd bioaccumulation factor (99.72% and 99.65%) and Cd translocation factor (99.89% and 99.85%) were recorded under FeBC application in 25 and 50 mg kg-1 Cd-contaminated soils, respectively. The improved plant growth and reduced Cd buildup with FeBC under Cd stress suggest that FeBC is a promising strategy to remediate Cd-contaminated soil and simultaneously promote sustainable production of legume crops in Cd-contaminated soils.
- Klíčová slova
- Adsorption, Bioremediation, Cadmium, Iron and zinc doped biochar, Risk assessment,
- MeSH
- Cicer * účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * chemie MeSH
- fotosyntéza účinky léků MeSH
- kadmium * toxicita MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * toxicita MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- železo * chemie MeSH
- zinek * toxicita chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
- kadmium * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- půda * MeSH
- železo * MeSH
- zinek * MeSH
Heavy metal contamination, one of the greatest global problems, not only endangers humans and animals but also negatively affects plants. New trends, the production and industrial applications of metals in nanoforms, lead to release of large amounts of nanoparticles into the environment. However, the influence of nanoparticles on living organisms is not well understood. Cadmium is a heavy metal not essential for plants, and to its phytotoxicity also contributes its chemical similarity to zinc. It has been recorded that zinc at low concentrations reduces the toxicity of cadmium, but our results with ZnO nanoparticles did not proved it. In contrast, ZnO nanoparticles significantly increased the negative effect of cadmium, which was reflected mainly in changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments.
- Klíčová slova
- Cadmium uptake, Carex vulpina, Photosynthetic pigments, ZnO nanoparticles,
- MeSH
- biologické pigmenty metabolismus MeSH
- Carex (rostlina) účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- fotosyntéza účinky léků MeSH
- kadmium toxicita MeSH
- kovové nanočástice toxicita MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý toxicita MeSH
- zinek toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické pigmenty MeSH
- kadmium MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý MeSH
- zinek MeSH
Zinc belongs to the mineral elements, the so-called micronutrients, which are essential for all types of plants. Embedding itself into the enzymes associated with proteosynthesis and energy processes, zinc is necessary for maintaining the integrity of biomembranes and also plays an important role in the development of seeds and generative organs. This review focuses on summarising the findings on the interaction of zinc and plants and translates into the knowledge of the effect of zinc nanoparticles on plants. The findings include an overview of both positive and negative effects on plants. In conclusion there is a great interest in nano-zinc as improving the knowledge about individual forms of zinc and their uptake and assimilation within higher plants may be the first step towards a wider involvement of zinc nanoparticles into agriculture.
- Klíčová slova
- Development, Growth, Nano-fertilizer, Nano-pesticides, Nanozinc, Toxicity,
- MeSH
- kovové nanočástice * chemie toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí chemie metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- nanotechnologie MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- zemědělství MeSH
- zinek * chemie metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
- půda MeSH
- zinek * MeSH
Clarifying the connection between metal exposure and anatomical changes represents an important challenge for a better understanding of plant phytoextraction potential. A hydroponic screening experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of combined interactions of Cd and Zn on mineral uptake (Mg, K, Ca, Na) and on the physiological and anatomical characteristics of Brassica napus L cv. Cadeli, Viking, and Navajo. Plants were exposed to 5 μM Cd (CdCl2), 10 μM Zn (ZnSO4), or both Cd + Zn, for 14 days. Cadmium exposure led to a significant reduction in root growth, shoot biomass, and chlorophyll content. After Cd-only and Cd + Zn treatment, primary root tips became thicker and pericycle cells were enlarged compared to the control and Zn-only treatment. No differences between metals were observed under UV excitation, where all treatments showed more intensive autofluorescence connected with lignin/suberin accumulation compared to control conditions. The highest concentrations of Cd and Zn were found in the roots of all tested plants, and translocation factors did not exceed the threshold of 1.0. The root mineral composition was not affected by any treatment. In the shoots, the Mg concentration slightly increased after Cd-only and Cd + Zn treatments, whereas Zn-only treatment caused a sharp decrease in Ca content. Slight increases in K were seen after the addition of Zn. Significantly higher concentrations of Na were induced by Cd- or Zn-only treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- Brassica napus, Cadmium uptake, Mineral uptake, Phytoextraction, Root anatomy, Zinc uptake,
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- Brassica napus anatomie a histologie účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- hydroponie MeSH
- kadmium toxicita MeSH
- kořeny rostlin anatomie a histologie účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu toxicita MeSH
- zinek toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kadmium MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- zinek MeSH
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been dramatically used in industry, biology, and medicine. Despite their interesting physico-chemical properties for application in various industrial, medical, and consumer products, safe use of ZnO NPs are under challenges due to the inadequate information related to their toxicological endpoints. Proteomics was applied to evaluate the sub-lethal effects of dietary exposure to ZnO NPs on serum proteome profile of juvenile common carp, (Cyprinus carpio). Therefore, ZnO NPs solution (500mgkg-1 of feed) was added to a commercial carp feed for six weeks. We compared the serum proteome profile from 7 controls and 7 treated fish. In addition, zinc accumulation were measured in intestine, liver, gill and brain. In total, we were able to identify 326 proteins from 6845 distinct peptides. As a result of the data analysis, the abundance levels of four proteins were significantly altered (fold change (fc) ≥2 and p<0.05) after dietary exposure to ZnO NPs. The protein levels of the complement component C4-2 (fc 2.5) and the uncharacterised protein encoded by kng1 (fc 5.8) were increased and major histocompatibility class I (fc 4.9) and the uncharacterised protein encoded by lum (fc 3.5) were decreased (fc 2.5). Molecular pathway analysis revealed four canonical pathways including acute-phase response signalling, liver and retinoid X receptors activation, and intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin activation pathways as significantly regulated in the treated fish. No significant difference was observed for zinc accumulation in exposed fish compared to controls. In summary, despite no apparent accumulation, ZnO NPs exposure to common carp probably disturbs the fish homeostasis by affecting proteins of the haematological and the immune systems.
- Klíčová slova
- Common carp, Dietary exposure, Nanoparticle, Proteomics, Serum, Zinc oxide,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- dietární expozice MeSH
- kapři MeSH
- kovové nanočástice toxicita MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý toxicita MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- testy chronické toxicity * MeSH
- zinek toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý MeSH
- zinek MeSH
Zn-(0-1.6)Mg (in wt.%) alloys were prepared by hot extrusion at 300 °C. The structure, mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility of the alloys were investigated. The hot-extruded magnesium-based WE43 alloy was used as a control. Mechanical properties were evaluated by hardness, compressive and tensile testing. The cytotoxicity, genotoxicity (comet assay) and mutagenicity (Ames test) of the alloy extracts and ZnCl2 solutions were evaluated with the use of murine fibroblasts L929 and human osteosarcoma cell line U-2 OS. The microstructure of the Zn alloys consisted of recrystallized Zn grains of 12 μm in size and fine Mg2Zn11 particles arranged parallel to the hot extrusion direction. Mechanical tests revealed that the hardness and strength increased with increasing Mg concentration. The Zn-0.8 Mg alloys showed the best combination of tensile mechanical properties (tensile yield strength of 203 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 301 MPa and elongation of 15%). At higher Mg concentrations the plasticity of Zn-Mg alloys was deteriorated. Cytotoxicity tests with alloy extracts and ZnCl2 solutions proved the maximum safe Zn(2+) concentrations of 120 μM and 80 μM for the U-2 OS and L929 cell lines, respectively. Ames test with extracts of alloys indicated that the extracts were not mutagenic. The comet assay demonstrated that 1-day extracts of alloys were not genotoxic for U-2 OS and L929 cell lines after 1-day incubation.
- Klíčová slova
- Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, In vitro testing, Mechanical properties, Zinc,
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemie toxicita MeSH
- hořčík chemie toxicita MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- poškození DNA účinky léků MeSH
- slitiny chemie toxicita MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zinek chemie toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
- hořčík MeSH
- slitiny MeSH
- zinek MeSH
The essential requirement for the effective phytoremediation is selection of a plant species which should be metal tolerant, with high biomass production and known agronomic techniques. The above mentioned criteria are met by crop plant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The response of hydroponically grown S. bicolor plants to cadmium and zinc stress was followed. The impact of metal application on physiological parameters, including changes in chlorophylls contents and antioxidative enzymes activities, was followed during the stress progression. Cadmium and zinc were accumulated primarily in the roots of sorghum plants. However, elevation of metal concentrations in the media promoted their transfer to the shoots. Toxic effects of metals applied at lower concentrations were less serious in the shoots in comparison with their influence to the roots. When applied at higher concentrations, transfer of the metals into the leaves increased, causing growth reduction and leading to Chl loss and metal-induced chlorosis. Moreover, higher metal levels in the roots overcame the quenching capacity of peroxidase and glutathione transferase, which was associated with reduction of their activities. Fortification of antioxidant system by addition of glutathione significantly increased the accumulation of cadmium in the roots as well as in the shoots at the highest cadmium concentration applied.
- Klíčová slova
- Accumulation, Cadmium, Oxidative stress, Sorghum, Zinc,
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- kořeny rostlin enzymologie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin enzymologie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- peroxidasy metabolismus MeSH
- Sorghum enzymologie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- zinek metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- glutathion MeSH
- kadmium MeSH
- peroxidasy MeSH
- zinek MeSH
Increased endogenous plant cytokinin (CK) content through transformation with an isopentyl transferase (ipt) gene has been associated with improved plant stress tolerance. The impact of zinc (tested levels Zn1=250, Zn2=500, Zn3=750mgkg(-1)soil) on gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration) and nitrogen utilization by plants resulted in changes of free amino acid concentrations (glutamic acid, glutamine, asparagine, aspartate, glycine, serine, cystein) and differed for transformed and non-transformed tobacco plants. For pot experiments, tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Wisconsin 38) transformed with a construct consisting of SAG12 promoter fused with the ipt gene for cytokinin synthesis (SAG plants) and its wild type (WT plants as a control) were used. Physiological analyses confirmed that SAG plants had improved zinc tolerance compared with the WT plants. The enhanced Zn tolerance of SAG plants was associated with the maintenance of accumulation of amino acids and with lower declines of photosynthetic and transpiration rates. In comparison to WT plants, SAG plants exposed to the highest Zn concentration accumulated lower concentrations of asparagine, which is a major metabolic product during senescence.
- Klíčová slova
- Amino acid, Cytokinins, Photosynthetic rate, Senescence, Toxic element stress,
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- cytokininy metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- fotosyntéza účinky léků MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny účinky léků genetika metabolismus MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- tabák účinky léků genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zinek toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aminokyseliny MeSH
- cytokininy MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny MeSH
- zinek MeSH
