OBJECTIVE: Dental caries is a complex, multifactorial disease and one of the most common illnesses worldwide. Its etiology is related to microbial, dietary and host factors. Recent evidence suggests a role of lactotransferrin (LTF) in caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between LTF gene polymorphism and dental caries. METHODS: In this case-control study, 637 unrelated children, aged 11-13 years, were enrolled. The subjects were divided into two groups, i.e. caries-free (decayed/missing/filled teeth = 0) and caries-affected children (decayed/missing/filled teeth ≥ 1). The LTF rs1126478 (140A/G in exon 2, Lys/Arg) genotypes were determined by PCR with restriction analysis using the EarI enzyme. RESULTS: Of 637 children, 155 (24.3%) were caries free. There were no statistically significant differences between caries levels and allele or genotype distributions in the total cohort. When the caries-affected group (n = 482) was stratified into low (decayed/missing/filled teeth = 1), moderate (2 ≤ decayed/missing/filled teeth ≤ 3) and high (decayed/missing/filled teeth ≥ 4) caries experience, allele and genotype frequencies were similar among all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The LTF 140A/G (exon 2, Lys/Arg) polymorphism was not associated with the susceptibility to or severity of dental caries in the Czech population.

• MeSH
• adenin MeSH
• arginin genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• exony genetika   MeSH
• frekvence genu genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• guanin MeSH
• indexy plaku MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• laktoferrin genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lysin genetika   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• náchylnost k zubnímu kazu genetika   MeSH
• parodontální index MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický genetika   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zubní kámen klasifikace   MeSH
• zubní kaz genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adenin MeSH
• arginin MeSH
• guanin MeSH
• laktoferrin MeSH
• LTF protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• lysin MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The subject of self-rated health status of women in fertile age has not yet been investigated in our country. As our study is longitudinal and the same questions-questionnaire items regarding self-rated health of the monitored women are repeated in each investigation phase, we are able to not only find out which factors are related but also verify how this relationship evolves with their ageing, life situation changes and growing up of their children. SETTING: Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno. METHODS: Pregnant women from the Brno part of ELSPAC study rated their health status for the time period before becoming pregnant, for the first months of pregnancy and for the half of pregnancy. On the four-grade scale of self-reported health status the associations with their personal health-history (from prenatal questionnaires and prenatal and obstetrician health-care network) were investigated. RESULTS: The monitored women rated their pre-pregnancy health-status increasingly worse with increasing age and weight, increasing morbidity, increasing medicine consumption and with increasing number of injuries. Also their parents, siblings and children were more often ill and more often admitted in hospitals as in-patients. These women required more specialized care starting in their childhood, suffered more from infectious diseases, operations, injuries, stresses and break-ups of their original families. Their misunderstanding with parents was occurred with higher frequency, their upbringing was more strict, they suffered from school failures more often, they had problems with the police and premature pregnancies. According to the mothers education, especially the daughters of college educated women felt subjectively worse. Also women with basic level of education, problems at work, financial troubles, those who had many children and less adults in their household rated their health worse. They were also unemployed and dissatisfied with their housing situation. In partner relationships conflicts were present frequently including violence. They also suffered from depression, anxiety, neuroses, phobias and social isolation more often. They also attempted to become pregnant longer than other women and tolerated pregnancy worse. They noted more changes to themselves and experiences more stress. The worse their feelings were during the first months of pregnancy, the higher frequency of pregnancy difficulties, delivery pathologies and post-natal complications were present according to the health-status documentation. CONCLUSION: This paper brings a whole series of original findings of factors associated with self-rated health-status. The socio-economic position in the families of their own had a more substantial influence on the health-status of the monitored women compared to the position in the families where they grew up. The indicators - e.g. stress, social isolation, work, social support, education, income and household created gradients on the health-status scale which were overall highly significant.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sebezhodnocení (psychologie) * MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• těhotenství * MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství * MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to assess oral health in adolescents selected from the ELSPAC (European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood) Bmo group and complete thus the ELSPAC series of studies on child general health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomly selected children from the ELSPAC group (n=780) were examined clinically for dental and periodontal status, dental plaque, dental calculus and orthodontic anomalies. The following clinical parameters were assessed: DMFT score and its components, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and calculus index (CSI). GI, PI and CSI were recorded on selected teeth. The presence/absence of orthodontic anomalies and their severity were recorded. ANOVA test for quantitative and XZ2 test for qualitative parameters evaluation were used. RESULTS: Mean DMFT of the group was 2.82 (SE 0.36), share of caries-free children 25.4%. Mean GI index of the cohort was 0.204 (SE 0.011), grade 0 was found in 36.9% children, grade 1 in 43.0%, and grade 2 in 19.5%. Statistical significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed in GI and DMFT, GI and DT value, GI and severity of orthodontic anomaly; significant difference was found in GI of caries-free and treated children vs. treatment need and in PI value between children with gingivitis vs healthy ones. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated a relatively high caries experience, low level of gingival inflammation and relation between GI and DMFT, particularly in D component, and between GI and orthodontic anomalies.

• MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• gingivitida epidemiologie   MeSH
• index orální hygieny MeSH
• index potřeby ortodontické léčby statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• indexy plaku MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• malokluze epidemiologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nemoci parodontu epidemiologie   MeSH
• odhad potřeb statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• parodontální index MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• zubní kámen epidemiologie   MeSH
• zubní kaz epidemiologie   MeSH
• zubní plak epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Dunovský, Dytrych, Matejcek et al. have published their experience from their consulting and interventional activities, alongside with an analysis of the paediatric, psychological, psychiatric and social components of the child's development in the family and outside it, in a fundamental and still up-to-date paper (1, 2). In this elaborate they emphasized the necessity to map the occurrence, in our country, of pathological phenomena included in the CAN notion--a child that is abused and neglected. The background of the presented study lays in a retrospective investigation in an adult population. The subject of the study are men--the near future fathers of the investigated children, who have among other information specified within an extensive personal history if and how they were maltreated in their childhood. THE GOAL OF THE STUDY: A group of men maltreated in childhood is compared to a group which was not maltreated and the investigating team searched for indications as to how different were their natal families, their parents and their own selves and if any identifiable differences occurred later in their own families, relationships, conduct and health. METHODS: A comparative study was conducted in the group of fathers based on three consecutive questionnaire investigations, between those maltreated in childhood and those who were not maltreated (control). Fathers maltreated in childhood were identified based on the response variants (1-often, 2-sometimes, 3-never) to three questionnaire inquiries filled in before the birth of their children who are included in the ELSPAC (European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood) study. The data was provided by men whose wives with permanent residence in Brno gave birth from March 1st 1991 till June 30th 1992. RESULTS: According to three types of test it was found out that from the parents of the studied children 57.9% of the 3580 fathers and 48.3% of the 3848 mothers were physically or psychologically maltreated during childhood: boys were maltreated more often. Maltreated fathers as compared to control: a) were more often born prematurely (p < 0.05), in the childhood and adulthood they were ill more often (p < 0.01) and they were less resistant psychologically (p < 0.001); b) more often had parents with impaired health (p < 0.001) and worse partner relationships (p < 0.001); c) came from families which didn't differ according to the father's education or employment status. The mothers had secondary education more often (p < 0.01); d) had more often wives and children with worse health (p < 0.01); e) in their own families manifested more violence towards their own wives and children (p < 0.001), they maltreated them more often physically (p < 0.01) and psychologically (p < 0.01); f) manifested more often extra-family asocial behavior (p < 0.001); g) they felt less satisfied with their financial situation (p < 0.001), with their family life (p < 0.01) and life in general (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Men maltreated in childhood resembled their parents in the social and health aspect and in the partner relationships. Towards their children they acted similarly like their parents used to--violent behavior aimed at children and between partners transferred from one generation to the next.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodinné vztahy * MeSH
• výchova dítěte MeSH
• zneužívané dítě psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

18 chronic diseases were investigated in a population of 13,115 women living in six settings of West- (Avon UK, the Isle of Man), Central- (the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic) and East-Europe (the Ukraine and Russia), that collaborate in the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC project). In prenatal questionnaires filled in after the first half of pregnancy, women reported 25,795 chronic diseases they ever suffered, out of them 11,188 having in present pregnancies. In the whole sample, lifelong prevalence was 11,2%, and prevalence in pregnancy 4,8% which means that 43,4% of all chronic diseases recurred in pregnancy. Up to mean age of 255 years in the whole sample, 39,6% women reported ever having indigestion, 29% back pains, 22,6% migraine, about 16% haemorrhoids, hay fever and eczema, about 10% varicose veins, anorexia nervosa, heavy depression and kidney diseases, over 5% rheumatism and 4% asthma. Less prevalent were infections of pelvic organs, febrile convulsions, joint inflammations, stomach ulcers, psoriasis and epilepsy. Lifetime prevalence of chronic diseases and their prevalence in pregnancy were the highest in the western zone and decreased eastwards, but recurrence grew in the opposite direction, being the highest in the eastern zone. The variation of each morbidity indicator is followed in all diseases between geographical zones as well as between individual study centres.

• MeSH
• chronická nemoc epidemiologie   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• morbidita trendy   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Conduct disorders related to hyperactivity and significant attention deficit are caused by several types of risk factors-genetic, biological, environmental and psychosocial. A cohort of children was followed longitudinally in a prospective study during the pregnancy and childhood (ELSPAC). In the age of 7 years, marked behavioural divergences were described in 4,4% of children by their attending physicians. These children were also more often afflicted by other pathological symptoms (hyperactivity, sleep and psychomotor disorders). From the data collected from parents and physicians in the previous phases of investigation we selected possible risk factors which affect the prenatal and postnatal periods: prenatal exposure of children to smoking, alcohol, chemical substances, prenatal development complications, the level of education of parents, family dysfunction, alcoholism of both parents, conflicts with the police, mother's disturbed mental health. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the sample of 3752 children from the city of Brno, no behavioural divergence was found in 96.5% of cases. The presence of one or two of the four observed divergences occurred in 3.2% and 3 to 4 conduct disorder symptoms occurred in 0.3% children, significantly more often in boys. The children with conduct disorders compared to the children with no symptoms had significantly lower average birthweight, lower head circumference, their mothers had more often lower education, smoked and had psychological problems in childhood and as adults and the fathers had more often conflicts with the law. CONCLUSIONS: The ELSPAC study did not have the methodological possibility of studying the genetic-environmental interactions; nevertheless it contributes to the evidence supporting that some factors can negatively effect the foetal development and the unfavourable family environment can participate in the development of conduct disorders which can progress during lifetime.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kouření MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské chování MeSH
• pití alkoholu MeSH
• poruchy chování u dětí etiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: In the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC), the pediatric observation of the cohort of 6100 7-year-old children described 4.4% of them as having conduct disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS: The predominant markers such as strong negativism, aggressivity, attention deficit, non-adequate reactions, hyperactivity, disorders of psychomotoric development, school maturation delay, poorer school results and social adaptation described children behavioral problems. The first signs of conduct disorders were often discovered already at the 18th month and the 3rd year of children's age. The acceptance of standardized criteria of possible conduct disorders in the routine pediatric practice, and the special psychologic and/or psychiatric care for children with the confirmed diagnosis should be recommended as soon as in their toddler age. CONCLUSIONS: Possible causal associations between prenatal exposure to nicotine and conduct disorders in childhood are another strong reason for the primary prevention and smoking cessation in antenatal clinics.

• MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kouření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• porucha chování diagnóza   etiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vztahy mezi matkou a dítětem MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The interest of experts in conduct disorders (CD) research is growing during the last two decades. The research areas include the diagnostics, ethiopathogenesis and treatment and also the comorbidity, especially with the hyperkinetic syndrome incidence (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder--ADHD). This paper intends to describe the conduct disorder occurrence and its other manifestations of divergence found during the investigation of children followed in the prospective longitudinal study ELSPAC in seven, respectively eight years of their age. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data of 6100 seven-year-old children characterizing their behaviour was collected from mothers and attending physicians. In the school year during which this investigation phase took place 2518 of the children reached eight years of age and their behaviour, temperament and school results were also evaluated by their teachers. The children were divided into three groups according to the presence or absence of the symptoms, which characterize conduct disorders (found by physicians): "stubborn negativistic behaviour", "inability to pay attention", "aggressiveness" and "inadequacy of reactions". The presence of two of these symptoms was found in 3%, presence of all four symptoms in additional 1.4% of children. Parents and teachers more often indicated various symptoms of hyperactivity in children with conduct disorders. CONCLUSIONS: In almost 5% of the ELSPAC cohort children in seven years of their age those symptoms were diagnosed, which match the Conduct Disorder criteria and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) criteria. In agreement with similar studies these frequent comorbidities were found: sleep disorders, psychomotor development disorders and laterality changes. The cognitive abilities evaluated by mothers and also teachers based on schoolwork results were more often worsened in children with conduct disorders. Various data indicating their worse social adaptability (which significantly disturbed the class) occurred more frequently in these children.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy se sníženou pozorností a vyrušováním komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The exposure of children to passive smoking has shown significant associations to respiratory morbidity. The youngest children between 0 to 2 years of age are usually seriously affected. With increasing age of the child a decrease in respiratory illness incidence together with a decrease of the effects of passive smoking were observed. The aim of the study was to assess by repeated investigations the morbidity among children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (at the age of 6, 18 months and 5 years) and the differences in morbidity in the groups with different exposure in children involved in the ELSPAC study (European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood). METHODS AND RESULTS: The data about health indicators and exposure were obtained from standardized questionnaire filled by mothers and physicians in the age of 6 and 18 month and in the 5th year of age. Results were assessed for 4 groups of children with different smoking habits of their mothers. The differences were statistically evaluated in the SPSS statistical program. The children of smoking mothers were more often exposed to environmental tobacco smoke; the children of middle and heavy smokers more than the children of light smokers. In the age of six months the children were slightly more often protected from passive smoking exposure than in the age of 18 months and 5 years: the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). The attendance in kindergarten represents an important protective factor: the children were exposed less during the week-days than during weekends (p < 0.001, resp. p < 0.01). The respiration symptomatology and morbidity were significantly increased in the earlier periods of life of those children, whose mothers smoked. In the age of 5 years the smoking household environment influences only the higher incidence of asthmatic symptomatology (wheeze breathing, apnoe) and more frequent allergies to household dust and pollen with symptoms of dyspnoe and wheezing (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The ELSPAC study has provided evidence of the significant influence of the mother's smoking on the child exposure to passive smoking. The consequences of such exposure are manifested especially as increased respiratory and allergic morbidity, more so in the first 18 months of life than at five years of age.

• MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• znečištění tabákovým kouřem škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• znečištění tabákovým kouřem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Though effective medications for the treatment of mood disorders have been developed, panic anxiety, major depression and other psychiatric diseases, only small reduction in suicide rates has been achieved during last four decades. Further epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies are initiated to support both prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviour. METHODS AND RESULTS: In ELSPAC study, the data of 3148 men and 3637 women--parents of children aged 3 years--were analysed with the aim to detect possible determinants of psychiatric disorders. These data included both information about the parents' events and health after the child's delivery and about parents' history during their own childhood. According to their self-reported suicidal attempts during last 18 months, parents were divided into groups A (with positive history) and B (no attempt). Statistical significance was evaluated by the SPSS programme (Pearson's chi-square test, linear-by-linear associations, ANOVA). 23 persons (0,3%) overall self-reported the suicidal attempt during last 18 months: 18 men (0,6%) and 5 women (0,1%). Among them, 2 men and 4 women repeated the attempt. In the same cohort, the frequency of suicidal attempts dropped by 50% among women and rose by 125% among men compared to the previous observation. In the personal history, the information both about emotional and physical deprivation during childhood was more frequent among persons with suicidal attempts. On the other hand, partners' characteristics as possible sources of daily stress situations were not different between groups. Men with suicidal attempts were significantly more often heavy smokers (smoking more that 20 cigarettes daily) and alcohol abusers. Surprisingly, the level of satisfaction with family life was significantly higher in both sex groups with suicidal attempts. CONCLUSIONS: Although majority of respondents in all groups reported their health status as good, more detailed questions showed significantly higher frequency of different psychiatric disorders and moods in the groups of persons with suicidal attempts: irritation, exhaustion among men, anxiety, depression, dejection among women. Also subjective evaluation of parents' good health is not in correspondence with the relative high number of hospitalization (10% men and 40% women with suicidal attempts) and frequent using of psychoactive drugs. The psychic health of ELSPAC parents will be assessed in further prospective measurements.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství psychologie   MeSH
• pokus o sebevraždu psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• rodiče psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH