• Publikační typ
• tisková chyba MeSH

PURPOSE: To test the effect of race/ethnicity on Social Security Administration (SSA) life tables' life expectancy (LE) predictions in localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with either radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). We hypothesized that LE will be affected by race/ethnicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We relied on the 2004-2006 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify D'Amico intermediate- and high-risk PCa patients treated with either RP or EBRT. SSA life tables were used to compute 10-year LE predictions and were compared to OS. Stratification was performed according to treatment type (RP/EBRT) and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian). RESULTS: Of 55,383 assessable patients, 40,490 were non-Hispanic White (RP 49.3% vs. EBRT 50.7%), 7194 non-Hispanic Black (RP 41.3% vs. EBRT 50.7%), 4716 Hispanic/Latino (RP 51.0% vs. EBRT 49.0%) and 2983 were Asian (RP 41.6% vs. EBRT 58.4%). In both RP and EBRT patients, OS exceeded life tables' LE predictions, except for non-Hispanic Blacks. However, in RP patients, the magnitude of the difference was greater than in EBRT. Moreover, in RP patients, OS of non-Hispanic Blacks virtually perfectly followed predicted LE. Conversely, in EBRT patients, the OS of non-Hispanic Black patients was worse than predicted LE. CONCLUSIONS: When comparing SEER-derived observed OS with SSA life table-derived predicted life expectancy, we recorded a survival disadvantage in non-Hispanic Black RP and EBRT patients, which was not the case in the three other races/ethnicities (non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic/Latinos, and Asians). This discrepancy should ideally be confirmed within different registries, countries, and tumor entities. Furthermore, the source of these discrepant survival outcomes should be investigated and addressed by health care politics.

• Klíčová slova
• Life expectancy prediction, Life table, Localized prostate cancer, SEER, Social Security Administration,
• MeSH
• etnicita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• naděje dožití MeSH
• nádory prostaty * terapie   patologie   MeSH
• tabulky života MeSH
• Úřad Spojených států pro sociální zabezpečení * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: We tested whether a model identifying prostate cancer (PCa) patients at risk of pT3-4/pN1 can be developed for use during COVID19 pandemic, in order to guarantee appropriate treatment to patients harboring advanced disease patients without compromising sustainability of care delivery. METHODS: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database 2010-2016, we identified 27,529 patients with localized PCa and treated with radical prostatectomy. A multivariable logistic regression model predicting presence of pT3-4/pN1 disease was fitted within a development cohort (n=13,977, 50.8%). Subsequently, external validation (n=13,552, 49.2%) and head-to-head comparison with NCCN risk group stratification was performed. RESULTS: In model development, age, PSA, biopsy Gleason Grade Group (GGG) and percentage of positive biopsy cores were independent predictors of pT3-4/pN1 stage. In external validation, prediction of pT3-4/pN1 with novel nomogram was 74% accurate versus 68% for NCCN risk group stratification. Nomogram achieved better calibration and showed net-benefit over NCCN risk group stratification in decision curve analyses. The use of nomogram cut-off of 49% resulted in pT3-4/pN1 rate of 65%, instead of the average 35%. CONCLUSION: The newly developed, externally validated nomogram predicts presence of pT3-4/pN1 better than NCCN risk group stratification and allows to focus radical prostatectomy treatment on individuals at highest risk of pT3-4/pN1.

• Klíčová slova
• C19, PCA, PT3, Pt3+, pT4, prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: To date it is unknown whether renal vs. ureteral urothelial carcinoma affects the type and the distribution of metastatic sites, and whether survival differs according to renal vs. ureteral location in metastatic patients. METHODS: Two datasets were used, namely Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) and National Inpatients Sample (NIS). Multivariable logistic regression models tested whether renal pelvis vs. ureteral location predicts site-specific metastases. Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariable Cox regression models (CRMs) tested overall mortality (OM) according to renal pelvis vs. ureteral location. RESULTS: In SEER (2010-2016), 623 (71.1%) metastatic renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma (RPUC) vs. 253 (28.9%) ureteral urothelial carcinoma (UUC) patients were identified. Patients with RPUC more frequently harbored lung (46.1% vs. 35.2%, P < 0.01; Odds ratio [OR]: 1.57, P < 0.01), but less frequently liver metastases (27.9% vs. 36.4%, P = 0.02; OR:0.66, P = 0.01). In RPUC, lung, liver, bone, and brain metastases independently predicted higher OM. Only liver metastases independently predicted higher OM in UUC. In NIS (2005-2015), 818 (61.0%) RPUC vs. 522 (39.0%) UUC patients were identified. Patients with RPUC more frequently harbored lung (34.0% vs. 17.2%, P < 0.001; OR:2.36, P < 0.001), as well as brain (4.4% vs. 1.9%, P = 0.02; OR:2.00, P = 0.049) metastases, but less frequently harbored retroperitoneal and/or peritoneal (12.3% vs. 21.8%, P < 0.001; OR:0.51, P < 0.001), urinary tract (9.3% vs. 14.0%, P = 0.01; OR:0.65, P = 0.01) and multiple metastatic sites (62.6% vs. 70.7%, P < 0.01; OR:0.69, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In both databases lung metastases were more frequent in RPUC and abdominal metastases were more frequent in UUC. Moreover, liver metastases independently predicted worse survival, regardless of primary site.

• Klíčová slova
• Metastatic, NIS, SEER, Tumor location, UTUC,
• MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory jater * MeSH
• nádory ledvin * MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * MeSH
• nádory močovodu * MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: To test the effect of race/ethnicity on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) after salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (SEER, 2004-2016) to identify SRP patients of all race/ethnicity background. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models addressed CSM according to race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Of 426 assessable SRP patients, Caucasians accounted for 299 (69.9%) vs. 68 (15.9%) African-Americans vs. 39 (9.1%) Hispanics vs. 20 (4.7%) Asians. At diagnosis, African-Americans (64 years) were younger than Caucasians (66 years), but not younger than Hispanics (66 years) and Asians (67 years). PSA at diagnosis was significantly higher in African-Americans (13.2 ng/ml), Hispanics (13.0 ng/ml), and Asians (12.2 ng/ml) than in Caucasians (7.8 ng/ml, p = 0.01). Moreover, the distribution of African-Americans (10.3%-36.6%) and Hispanics (0%-15.8%) varied according to SEER region. The 10-year CSM was 46.5% in African-Americans vs. 22.4% in Caucasians vs. 15.4% in Hispanics vs. 15.0% in Asians. After multivariate adjustment (for age, clinical T stage, lymph node dissection status), African-American race/ethnicity was an independent predictor of higher CSM (HR: 2.2, p < 0.01), but not Hispanic or Asian race/ethnicity. The independent effect of African-American race/ethnicity did not persist after further adjustment for PSA. CONCLUSION: African-Americans treated with SRP are at higher risk of CSM than other racial/ethnic groups and also exhibited the highest baseline PSA. The independent effect of African-American race/ethnicity on higher CSM no longer applies after PSA adjustment since higher PSA represents a distinguishing feature in African-American patients.

• Klíčová slova
• cancer specific survival, ethnicity, post-radiotherapy recurrence, prostate cancer, race, salvage radical prostatectomy,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The appropriate surveillance protocol after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is still poorly addressed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the appropriate intensity and duration of oncologic surveillance following RNU, according to a prior history of bladder cancer (BCa). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We identified 1378 high-risk UTUC patients, according to the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, from a prospectively maintained database involving eight European referral centers. Surveillance protocol was based on cystoscopies and cross-sectional imaging, as per the EAU guidelines. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: First, we evaluated the noncumulative risk of bladder and other-site recurrences (including distant metastasis and locoregional relapse) against the follow-up time points, as suggested by the current EAU guidelines. Second, in an effort to identify the time points when the risk of other-cause mortality (OCM) exceeded that of recurrence and follow-up might be discontinued, we relied on adjusted Weibull regression. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The median follow-up was 4 yr. A total of 427 and 951 patients with and without a prior BCa history, respectively, were considered. At 5-yr, the time point after which cystoscopies should be performed semiannually, the bladder recurrence risk was 10%; at 4 yr, the bladder recurrence risk was 13%. At 2 yr, the time point after which imaging should be obtained semiannually, the nonbladder recurrence risk was 42% in case of nonprior BCa and 47% in case of prior BCa; at 4 yr, the nonbladder recurrence risk was 23%. Among patients without a prior BCa history, individuals younger than 60 yr should continue both cystoscopies and imaging beyond 10 yr from RNU, 70-79-yr-old patients should continue only imaging beyond 10 yr, while patients older than 80 yr might discontinue oncologic surveillance because of an increased risk of OCM. Limitations include the fact that patients were treated and surveilled over a relatively long period of time. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest intensifying the frequency of imaging to semiannual till the 4th year after RNU, the time point after which the risk of recurrence was almost halved. Cystoscopies could be obtained annually from the 4th year given a similar risk of recurrence at 4 and 5 yr after RNU. Oncologic surveillance could be discontinued in some cases in the absence of a prior BCa history. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this study, we propose a revision of the current guidelines regarding surveillance protocols following radical nephroureterectomy. We also evaluated whether oncologic surveillance for high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma could be discontinued and, if so, in what circumstances.

• Klíčová slova
• Bladder recurrence, Distant recurrence, Follow-up, Radical nephroureterectomy, Upper tract urothelial carcinoma, Urothelial cancer,
• MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk * patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru epidemiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * epidemiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory močovodu * patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nefroureterektomie metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• ureter * patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIMS: To compare the 1973 WHO and the 2004/2016 WHO grading systems in patients with urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder (UCUB), since no consensus has been made which classification should supersede the other and since both are recommended in clinical practice. METHODS: Newly diagnosed patients with Ta UCUB treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumour were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2010-2016). Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariable Cox regression models (CRMs) tested cancer-specific mortality (CSM), according to 1973 WHO (G1 vs G2 vs G3) and to 2004/2016 WHO (low-grade vs high-grade) grading systems. RESULTS: Of 35 986 patients, according to 1973 WHO grading system, 8165 (22.7%) were G1, 17 136 (47.6%) were G2 and 10 685 (29.7%) were G3. According to 2004/2016 WHO grading system, 24 961 (69.4%) were low-grade versus 11 025 (30.6%) high-grade. In multivariable CRMs, G3 (HR: 2.05, p<0.001), relative to G1, and high-grade(HR: 2.13, p<0.001), relative to low-grade, predicted higher CSM. Conversely, G2 (p=0.8) was not an independent predictor. The multivariable models without consideration of either grading system were 74% accurate in predicting 5-year CSM. After addition of 1973 WHO or 2004/2016 WHO grade, the accuracy increased to 76% and 77%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: From a statistical standpoint, it appears that the 2004/2016 WHO grading system holds a small, although measurable advantage over the 1973 WHO grading system. Other considerations, such as intraobserver and interobserver variability may represent an additional matric to consider in deciding which grading system is better.

• Klíčová slova
• urinary bladder, urologic diseases, urologic neoplasms,
• MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močový měchýř patologie   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * patologie   MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Pathological stage and grade of renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma (RPUC) are difficult to estimate before radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). OBJECTIVE: To examine tumor size as an independent predictor of muscle-invasive and/or non-organ-confined rates of RPUC at RNU. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2016), we identified nonmetastatic RPUC at RNU. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: First, we examined stage and grade distributions. Second, two separate univariable and subsequent multivariable logistic regression models (LRMs) were fitted to test the association between tumor size and the rate of (1) muscle-invasive or higher (pT2-4N0-2) and (2) non-organ-confined (pT3-4N0-2) RPUC at RNU. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 4657 patients, 3052 (65.5%) had pT2-4N0-2 and 2382 (51.2%) pT3-4N0-2 RPUC at RNU. The median tumor size was 3.7 cm (interquartile range 2.5-5.0). The high-grade RPUC rate ranged from 71.1% to 87.2% (p < 0.001) among SEER registries. Conversely, no differences were recorded for stage (p > 0.05) or tumor size (p = 0.1) across all registries. Rates of pT2-4N0-2 and pT3-4N0-2 RPUC increased with tumor size. Specifically, for tumor size intervals from 0.1-1.0 cm to 9.1-10.0 cm, the pT2-4N0-2 rate ranged from 45% to 83% and the pT3-4N0-2 rate ranged from 23% to 75%, respectively (both p < 0.001). In multivariable LRMs, tumor size (in 1-cm units) was an independent predictor of pT2-4N0-2 (odds ratio [OR] 1.25; p < 0.001) and pT3-4N0-2 (OR 1.30; p < 0.001) disease at RNU. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size is a key predictor of muscle-invasive or non-organ-confined RPUC. Greater tumor size directly and virtually linearly predicts a higher rate of invasive or non-organ-confined RPUC at RNU. PATIENT SUMMARY: For patients with cancer in urinary tract cells lining the kidney, larger tumor size predicts worse stage of the disease at surgery.

• Klíčová slova
• Radical nephroureterectomy, Surveillance, epidemiology and end results database, Tumor dimension, Tumor stage, Upper tract urothelial carcinoma,
• MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk * epidemiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ledvin * epidemiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory močovodu * epidemiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nefroureterektomie metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• svaly patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

CONTEXT: Novel prospective randomized controlled observations addressing combination therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) have demonstrated promising overall survival (OS) outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To compare these novel findings and systematically review and address them within formal network meta-analyses (NMAs) that include observations from other prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: First, we focused on abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and docetaxel effects on OS in mHSPC using the PRISMA methodology. PubMed and abstracts identified prospective RCTs in first-line mHSPC. Second, we focused on mature studies that reached median OS and tested OS between abiraterone and docetaxel with tumor burden stratification. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The first part included seven studies (n = 6639) and the second part, five studies (n = 4462). In the first part, abiraterone ranked first for high-volume mHSPC. Conversely, enzalutamide ranked first for low-volume mHSPC. In the second part, abiraterone treatment in high-volume mHSPC resulted in median OS of 50.1 mo and exceeded that with docetaxel (45.9 mo) and ADT alone (34.0 mo). Docetaxel treatment in low volume mHSPC resulted in median OS of 69.5 mo versus 67.7 mo with ADT alone. CONCLUSIONS: In conventional NMA that relied on conventional hazard ratios, differences were identified with respect to the relative efficacy of the combination therapies examined; abiraterone dominated the alternatives in high-volume mHSPC. In part two, which relied on trials for which median OS is available, comparison of abiraterone versus docetaxel revealed a 4-mo difference in OS in high-volume mHSPC. Conventional NMA may have overestimated the importance of treatment efficacy instead of focusing on median OS duration, which might represent a more important clinical endpoint. PATIENT SUMMARY: We reviewed studies on hormonal treatments and chemotherapy used for prostate cancer that has spread outside the prostate gland (metastatic prostate cancer, mPC). We found that the best overall survival was with the hormone agents abiraterone in high-volume mPC and enzalutamide in low-volume mPC. In comparison to the chemotherapy drug docetaxel, median overall survival with abiraterone was 4 months longer among patients with mPC.

• Klíčová slova
• Abiraterone, Androgen deprivation therapy, Apalutamide, Docetaxel, Enzalutamide, High volume, Low volume, Metastatic burden,
• MeSH
• antagonisté androgenů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• docetaxel terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hormony terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prostaty * patologie   MeSH
• síťová metaanalýza MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antagonisté androgenů MeSH
• docetaxel MeSH
• hormony MeSH

BACKGROUND: The most recent overall survival (OS) and adverse event (AE) data have not been compared for the three guideline-recommended high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) treatment alternatives. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis focusing on OS and AE according to the most recent apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide reports. We systematically examined and compared apalutamide vs. enzalutamide vs. darolutamide efficacy and toxicity, relative to ADT according to PRISMA. We relied on PubMed search for most recent reports addressing prospective randomized trials with proven predefined OS benefit, relative to ADT: SPARTAN, PROSPER, and ARAMIS. OS represented the primary outcome and AEs represented secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, data originated from 4117 observations made within the three trials that were analyzed. Regarding OS benefit relative to ADT, darolutamide ranked first, followed by enzalutamide and apalutamide, in that order. In the subgroup of PSA-doubling time (PSA-DT) ≤ 6 months patients, enzalutamide ranked first, followed by darolutamide and apalutamide in that order. Conversely, in the subgroup of PSA-DT 6-10 months patients, darolutamide ranked first, followed by apalutamide and enzalutamide, in that order. Regarding grade 3+ AEs, darolutamide was most favorable, followed by enzalutamide and apalutamide, in that order. CONCLUSION: The current network meta-analysis suggests the highest OS efficacy and lowest grade 3+ toxicity for darolutamide. However, in the PSA-DT ≤ 6 months subgroup, the highest efficacy was recorded for enzalutamide. It is noteworthy that study design, study population, and follow-up duration represent some of the potentially critical differences that distinguish between the three studies and remained statistically unaccounted for using the network meta-analysis methodology. Those differences should be strongly considered in the interpretation of the current and any network meta-analyses.

• MeSH
• benzamidy MeSH
• fenylthiohydantoin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prostaty rezistentní na kastraci * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• nitrily MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• prostatický specifický antigen MeSH
• pyrazoly MeSH
• síťová metaanalýza MeSH
• thiohydantoiny MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Názvy látek
• apalutamide MeSH Prohlížeč
• benzamidy MeSH
• darolutamide MeSH Prohlížeč
• enzalutamide MeSH Prohlížeč
• fenylthiohydantoin MeSH
• nitrily MeSH
• prostatický specifický antigen MeSH
• pyrazoly MeSH
• thiohydantoiny MeSH