Several authors have attributed the explosive outbreak of gastroenteritis that occurred in Czechoslovakia in 1965 to a toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O37 based on unverified metadata associated with three particular strains from the American Type Culture Collection. Here, by sequencing the original strain preserved at the Czech National Collection of Type Cultures since 1966, we show that the strain responsible for this outbreak was actually a V. cholerae O5 that lacks the genes encoding the cholera toxin, the toxin-coregulated pilus protein and Vibrio pathogenicity islands present in V. cholerae O37 strains.

• Klíčová slova
• 1965, Czechoslovakia, O5, Vibrio cholerae, gastroenteritis,
• MeSH
• cholera * epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   dějiny   MeSH
• cholerový toxin genetika   MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby * MeSH
• gastroenteritida * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   dějiny   MeSH
• genomové ostrovy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• séroskupina MeSH
• Vibrio cholerae * genetika   klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• historické články MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholerový toxin MeSH

Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Concord (S. Concord) is known to cause severe gastrointestinal and bloodstream infections in patients from Ethiopia and Ethiopian adoptees, and occasional records exist of S. Concord linked to other countries. The evolution and geographical distribution of S. Concord remained unclear. Here, we provide a genomic overview of the population structure and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of S. Concord by analysing genomes from 284 historical and contemporary isolates obtained between 1944 and 2022 across the globe. We demonstrate that S. Concord is a polyphyletic serovar distributed among three Salmonella super-lineages. Super-lineage A is composed of eight S. Concord lineages, of which four are associated with multiple countries and low levels of AMR. Other lineages are restricted to Ethiopia and horizontally acquired resistance to most antimicrobials used for treating invasive Salmonella infections in low- and middle-income countries. By reconstructing complete genomes for 10 representative strains, we demonstrate the presence of AMR markers integrated in structurally diverse IncHI2 and IncA/C2 plasmids, and/or the chromosome. Molecular surveillance of pathogens such as S. Concord supports the understanding of AMR and the multi-sector response to the global AMR threat. This study provides a comprehensive baseline data set essential for future molecular surveillance.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence * genetika   MeSH
• genomika MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Salmonella genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Etiopie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH

Together with plague, smallpox and typhus, epidemics of dysentery have been a major scourge of human populations for centuries(1). A previous genomic study concluded that Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), the epidemic dysentery bacillus, emerged and spread worldwide after the First World War, with no clear pattern of transmission(2). This is not consistent with the massive cyclic dysentery epidemics reported in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries(1,3,4) and the first isolation of Sd1 in Japan in 1897(5). Here, we report a whole-genome analysis of 331 Sd1 isolates from around the world, collected between 1915 and 2011, providing us with unprecedented insight into the historical spread of this pathogen. We show here that Sd1 has existed since at least the eighteenth century and that it swept the globe at the end of the nineteenth century, diversifying into distinct lineages associated with the First World War, Second World War and various conflicts or natural disasters across Africa, Asia and Central America. We also provide a unique historical perspective on the evolution of antibiotic resistance over a 100-year period, beginning decades before the antibiotic era, and identify a prevalent multiple antibiotic-resistant lineage in South Asia that was transmitted in several waves to Africa, where it caused severe outbreaks of disease.

• MeSH
• bacilární dyzentérie epidemiologie   dějiny   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• fylogeografie * MeSH
• genom bakteriální MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární epidemiologie MeSH
• molekulární evoluce * MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• séroskupina * MeSH
• Shigella dysenteriae klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH