Thirty-three isolates belonging to six species of the genus Trichoderma were tested for the ability to hydroxylate progesterone to 11alpha-, 11beta-, 11alpha,17alpha- and 6beta, 17alpha-derivatives, and epicortisol. T. aureoviride, T. harzianum, T. polysporum and T. pseudokoningii produced 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. T. harzianum and T. hamatum can form only the 11beta-isomer. T. koningii and T. hamatum produced 11alpha-, 11beta-, 11alpha,17alpha- and 6beta,11alpha-hydroxy derivatives. 11alpha, 11beta, 6beta,11alpha- and 11alpha,17alpha-hydroxyprogesterones and epicortisol are produced by T. aureoviride and T. pseudokoningii. Cortisol was produced only when the medium was fortified by 10 g/L peptone. This is the first record of conversion of progesterone to mono-, di- and trihydroxyprogesterones by these Trichoderma species.

• MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• hydroxylace MeSH
• progesteron chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Trichoderma růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• progesteron MeSH

Transcription from the chiC promoter, directing expression of the chitinase gene, chiC, in Streptomyces coelicolor, was analyzed using xylE reporter gene and high-resolution S1-nuclease mapping. The transcription from the chiC promoter was induced by chitin, and this induction was dramatically reduced in the S. coelicolor chiR-disrupted strain. This indicated a dependence of chiC expression upon the chiR gene encoding a response regulator protein. To investigate this relationship, the S. coelicolor ChiR was overproduced using Escherichia coli T7 RNA polymerase expression system. However, gel mobility shift-assay with such a purified ChiR showed no binding in the chiC promoter region, which indicates a lack of specific phosphorylation of E. coli overproduced ChiR that is necessary for DNA-binding activity of response regulators.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• chitinasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• endonukleasy specifické pro jednořetězcové nukleové kyseliny MeSH
• Escherichia coli enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• genetická transkripce * MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií * MeSH
• restrikční mapování MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• Streptomyces enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• transkripční faktory * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• ChiR protein, Streptomyces MeSH Prohlížeč
• chitinase C-1 MeSH Prohlížeč
• chitinasy MeSH
• endonukleasy specifické pro jednořetězcové nukleové kyseliny MeSH
• transkripční faktory * MeSH

The production of beta-1,3-glucanases and chitinases by three strains of Trichoderma in submerged cultures was determined. The synthesis of enzymes was induced by cell wall biopolymers of phytopathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum and F. oxysporum). T. hamatum produced the highest beta-1,3-glucanase activity; the most effective inducer of enzyme synthesis was the biomass of F. oxysporum. All examined strains of Trichoderma inhibited phytopathogen growth in biotic tests. The diffusion tests showed that the lytic enzymes take part in growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi.

• MeSH
• beta-glukosidasa farmakologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• Botrytis účinky léků   MeSH
• chitinasy farmakologie   MeSH
• Fusarium účinky léků   MeSH
• glukan-1,3-beta-glukosidasa MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• substrátová specifita MeSH
• Trichoderma enzymologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-glukosidasa MeSH
• chitinasy MeSH
• glukan-1,3-beta-glukosidasa MeSH

Three hundred and seventy two isolates belonging to the genus Streptomyces were isolated and screened for chitinase production. Streptomyces plicatus was found to be the best producer. The highest chitinase production were incubated for 3 d at 30 degrees C on buffered culture medium (pH 8.0) containing chitin plus sucrose and calcium nitrate as carbon and nitrogen sources. S. plicatus chitinase had a highly significant inhibitory effect on spore germination, germ tube elongation and radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Altrernaria alternata and Verticillium albo-atrum, the causal organisms of Fusarium wilt, stem canker and Verticillium wilt diseases of tomato. Application of S. plicatus to the root system of tomato plants before transplantation markedly protected tomato plants against the tested phytopathogenic fungi in vivo.

• MeSH
• Alternaria růst a vývoj   MeSH
• biologická kontrola škůdců * MeSH
• chitinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Fusarium růst a vývoj   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Solanum lycopersicum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Streptomyces klasifikace   enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Verticillium růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chitinasy MeSH

The chitinase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities in cell-wall-bound and free fractions in the dimorphic fungus Benjaminiella poitrasii were studied as a function of morphological (unicellular yeast-mycelium) transition. The specific activities of chitinases of cell-wall-free, particularly in the membrane fraction, were significantly different in the yeast and mycelial forms. During the yeast-mycelium transition, the N-acetylglucosaminidase activity isolated in a membrane preparation increased steadily. The activity of the yeast cells (0.83 +/- 0.17 nkat/mg protein) increased 17-fold to 14.2 +/- 1.7 nkat/mg protein in 1-d-old mycelial cells. The endochitinase activity increased 12-fold between 6 and 12 h and thereafter practically remained unchanged up to 24 h. A reverse trend in the chitinolytic activities was observed during the mycelium-yeast transition. Isoelectrofocussing (pH range 3.5-10) of mixed membrane fraction free of particulate fraction of parent and morphological (Y-5, yeast-form) mutant cells separated endochitinase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity into two pH ranges, viz. 4.3-5.7 and 6.1-7.7, respectively. The predominant N-acetylglucosaminidase activity observed at pH 6.9 and 7.1 for the parent strain membrane fraction was undetected in the mutant preparation. The results suggested that the membrane-bound (either tightly or loosely) chitinolytic enzymes, particularly, N-acetylglucosaminidase, significantly contributed to the morphological changes in B. poitrasii.

• MeSH
• acetylglukosaminidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• chitinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• houby cytologie   enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• isoelektrická fokusace MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• subcelulární frakce metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylglukosaminidasa MeSH
• chitinasy MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH