Low molecular weight mannogalactofucans (LMMGFs) prepared by enzymatic degradation of high molecular weight Undaria galactofucan (MF) were evaluated for their anti-cancer effects against human prostate cancer. Correlation NMR and linkage analyses confirmed that LMMGFs consist mainly of α-fucose and β-galactose units: α-fucose units are 1,3-linked; β-galactose units are terminal, 1,3- and/or 1,6-linked; both sugars are partially sulphated, fucose at positions O-2 and/or O-4 and galactose at O-3. Mannose residue, as a minor sugar, presents as the 1,4-linked terminal units. LMMGFs more significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and cell death via suppression of the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway than MF in human PC-3 prostate cancer cells. LMMGFs upregulated mRNA expression of death receptor-5 (DR-5), the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, the cleavage of caspases and PARP, the depolarisation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS generation. LMMGFs (200-400 mg/kg) effectively reduced both tumour volume and size in a xenografted mouse model. These results demonstrated that LMMGFs attenuate the growth of human prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that LMMGFs can be used as a potent functional ingredient in health-beneficial foods or as a therapeutic agent to prevent or treat androgen-independent human prostate cancer. Graphical Abstract.

• Klíčová slova
• Fucoidan, Low molecular weight mannogalactofucans, Prostate cancer, Undaria pinnatifida,
• MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• beta-katenin metabolismus   MeSH
• kinasa glykogensynthasy 3beta metabolismus   MeSH
• kontrolní body buněčného cyklu účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránový potenciál mitochondrií účinky léků   MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádory prostaty farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• polysacharidy chemie   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Undaria chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-katenin MeSH
• fucoidan MeSH Prohlížeč
• kinasa glykogensynthasy 3beta MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• polysacharidy MeSH