Recovery from exercise refers to the period between the end of a bout of exercise and the subsequent return to a resting or recovered state. It is a dynamic period in which many physiological changes occur. A large amount of research has evaluated the effect of training on intramuscular lipid metabolism. However, data are limited regarding intramuscular lipid metabolism during the recovery period. In this study, lipid metabolism-related proteins were examined after a single bout of exercise in a time-dependent way to explore the mechanism of how exercise induces intramuscular lipid metabolism adaptation. Firstly, all rats in the exercise group underwent a five-week training protocol (HIIT, five times/week), and then performed a more intense HIIT session after 72 h of the last-time five-week training. After that, rats were sampled in a time-dependent way, including 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h following the acute training session. Our results discovered that five weeks of HIIT increased the content of intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) and enhanced the lipolytic and lipogenesis-related proteins in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, IMTG content decreased immediately post HIIT and gradually increased to baseline levels 48 h postexercise, continuing to over-recover up to 96 h postexercise. Following acute exercise, lipolytic-related proteins showed an initial increase (6-12 h) before decreasing during recovery. Conversely, lipogenesis-related proteins decreased following exercise (6-12 h), then increased in the recovery period. Based on the changes, we speculate that skeletal muscle is predominated by lipid oxidative at the first 12 h postexercise. After this period, lipid synthesis-related proteins increased, which may be the result of body recovery. Together, these results may provide insight into how the lipid metabolism-related signaling changes after chronic and acute HIIT and how protein levels lipid metabolism correlates to IMTG recovery.

• MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů * MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• vysoce intenzivní intervalový trénink * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• triglyceridy MeSH

Recent studies suggest that treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors can reduce hepatic lipid storage and ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development beyond their glycemic benefits. However, the exact mechanism involved is still unclear. We investigated the hepatic metabolic effect of empagliflozin (10 mg/kg/day for eight weeks) on the development of NAFLD and its complications using HHTg rats as a non-obese prediabetic rat model. Empagliflozin treatment reduced neutral triacylglycerols and lipotoxic diacylglycerols in the liver and was accompanied by significant changes in relative mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes (Scd-1, Fas) and transcription factors (Srebp1, Pparγ). In addition, alterations in the gene expression of cytochrome P450 proteins, particularly Cyp2e1 and Cyp4a, together with increased Nrf2, contributed to the improvement of hepatic lipid metabolism after empagliflozin administration. Decreased circulating levels of fetuin-A improved lipid metabolism and attenuated insulin resistance in the liver and in peripheral tissues. Our results highlight the beneficial effect of empagliflozin on hepatic lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation independent of obesity, with the mechanisms understood to involve decreased lipogenesis, alterations in cytochrome P450 proteins, and decreased fetuin-A. These changes help to alleviate NAFLD symptoms in the early phase of the disease and before the onset of diabetes.

• Klíčová slova
• SGLT-2 inhibitors, cytochrome P450, empagliflozin, fatty liver, fetuin-A, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• benzhydrylové sloučeniny farmakologie   MeSH
• glifloziny farmakologie   MeSH
• glukosidy farmakologie   MeSH
• hyperglykemie farmakoterapie   etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• hyperlipoproteinemie typ IV komplikace   farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mediátory zánětu metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• mutantní kmeny potkanů MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater etiologie   metabolismus   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• obezita komplikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• prediabetes komplikace   farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• benzhydrylové sloučeniny MeSH
• empagliflozin MeSH Prohlížeč
• glifloziny MeSH
• glukosidy MeSH
• mediátory zánětu MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 MeSH

Hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects of statins can be associated with the development of myopathies and new-onset type 2 diabetes. These adverse effects may be related to increased oxidative stress. The plant extract silymarin (SM) is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. We tested the hypothesis that the combination of atorvastatin (ATV) with SM could improve therapy efficacy and eliminate some negative effects of statin on hypertriglyceridemia-induced metabolic disorders. Hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats were fed a standard diet for four weeks without supplementation; supplemented with ATV (5 mg/kg b. wt./day) or a combination of ATV with 1 % micronized SM (ATV+SM). ATV treatment elevated plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol (p<0.01), glucose and insulin and decreased triglycerides (p<0.001). The combination of ATV+SM led to a significant reduction in insulin, an improvement of glucose tolerance, and the hypolipidemic effect was enhanced compared to ATV alone. Furthermore, ATV supplementation increased skeletal muscle triglycerides but its combination with SM decreased triglycerides accumulation in the muscle (p<0.05) and the liver (p<0.01). In the liver, ATV+SM treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and reduced lipid peroxidation (p<0.001). The combined administration of ATV with SM potentiated the hypolipidemic effect, reduced ectopic lipid accumulation, improved glucose metabolism, and increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Our results show that SM increased the effectiveness of statin therapy in a hypertriglyceridemic rat model of metabolic syndrome.

• MeSH
• anticholesteremika škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• atorvastatin škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• hypercholesterolemie krev   MeSH
• hyperlipidemie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• metabolický syndrom farmakoterapie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• silymarin farmakologie   MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• zánět farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anticholesteremika MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• atorvastatin MeSH
• silymarin MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH