Obesity is considered an important factor contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. Inflammation plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction (ED), an initial stage of the atherosclerotic process. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in the inflammatory process, but there is a lack of information about their participation in the early stages of atherosclerosis development in patients with obesity. We aimed to assess the relations between plasma concentration of selected miRNAs, ED evaluated by reactive hyperemia index (RHI), inflammatory markers and other factors involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults with obesity. Participants (30 males, 30 females; aged 15 25 years) were divided into two groups: those with overweight/obesity (OW/O) (20 males, 20 females) and controls (C) (10 males, 10 females). The plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, cytokines, adipocytokines, markers of lipid profile and glucose metabolism and selected miRNAs (miR 92, 126, -146a, -155) were analyzed. No significant differences in any of the miRNAs were found between the groups. MiR-146a correlated positively with RHI. Dividing the group by sex showed more significant associations between miRNA and analyzed parameters (IL-6, fasting glycemia) in men. Several observed correlations indicate a potential role of miRNAs in inflammation, the atherosclerotic process and glycemic control, primarily in male subjects with obesity. The relatively low number of observed associations between assessed parameters related to obesity and the pathogenesis of its complications could be attributed to the early stage of the atherosclerotic process in young subjects with obesity, where only subtle abnormalities are expectedly found. Key words Endothelial dysfunction, Atherosclerosis, Obesity, MicroRNA, Reactive hyperemia index.

• MeSH
• ateroskleróza * krev   genetika   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• cirkulující mikroRNA * krev   genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita * krev   komplikace   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• cirkulující mikroRNA * MeSH

We assessed the diagnostic potential of cardiovascular disease-associated microRNAs for the early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in singleton pregnancies of Caucasian descent in the absence of other pregnancy-related complications. Whole peripheral venous blood samples were collected within 10 to 13 weeks of gestation. This retrospective study involved all pregnancies diagnosed with only GDM (n = 121) and 80 normal term pregnancies selected with regard to equality of sample storage time. Gene expression of 29 microRNAs was assessed using real-time RT-PCR. Upregulation of 11 microRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-499a-5p, and miR-574-3p) was observed in pregnancies destinated to develop GDM. Combined screening of all 11 dysregulated microRNAs showed the highest accuracy for the early identification of pregnancies destinated to develop GDM. This screening identified 47.93% of GDM pregnancies at a 10.0% false positive rate (FPR). The predictive model for GDM based on aberrant microRNA expression profile was further improved via the implementation of clinical characteristics (maternal age and BMI at early stages of gestation and an infertility treatment by assisted reproductive technology). Following this, 69.17% of GDM pregnancies were identified at a 10.0% FPR. The effective prediction model specifically for severe GDM requiring administration of therapy involved using a combination of these three clinical characteristics and three microRNA biomarkers (miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, and miR-195-5p). This model identified 78.95% of cases at a 10.0% FPR. The effective prediction model for GDM managed by diet only required the involvement of these three clinical characteristics and eight microRNA biomarkers (miR-1-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-499a-5p, and miR-574-3p). With this, the model identified 50.50% of GDM pregnancies managed by diet only at a 10.0% FPR. When other clinical variables such as history of miscarriage, the presence of trombophilic gene mutations, positive first-trimester screening for preeclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction by the Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithm, and family history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives were included in the GDM prediction model, the predictive power was further increased at a 10.0% FPR (72.50% GDM in total, 89.47% GDM requiring therapy, and 56.44% GDM managed by diet only). Cardiovascular disease-associated microRNAs represent promising early biomarkers to be implemented into routine first-trimester screening programs with a very good predictive potential for GDM.

• Klíčová slova
• cardiovascular microRNAs, early pregnancy, gene expression, gestational diabetes mellitus, prediction, screening, whole peripheral venous blood,
• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• gestační diabetes * diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * genetika   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA * metabolismus   MeSH
• první trimestr těhotenství MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• mikro RNA * MeSH

The goal was to assess how a history of any kind of pregnancy-related complication altered expression profile of microRNAs played a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the peripheral blood leukocytes of children at the age of 3-11 years. The prior exposure to gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes or spontaneous preterm birth causes that a significant proportion of children (57.42% to 90.0% specifically) had a substantially altered microRNA expression profile, which might be the origin of a lifelong cardiovascular risk. A total of 23 out of 29 tested microRNAs were upregulated in children born from such complicated gestation. The occurrence of overweight, obesity, valve problems and heart defects even intensified upregulation of microRNAs already present in children exposed to such pregnancy complications. The occurrence of overweight/obesity (miR-92a-3p, and miR-210-3p) and valve problems or heart defects (miR-342-3p) induced microRNA upregulation in children affected with pregnancy complications. Overall, 42.86% overweight/obese children and 27.36% children with valve problems or heart defects had even higher microRNA levels than children with normal clinical findings after complicated pregnancies. In addition, the microRNA expression profile was also able to differentiate between children descending from normal gestation in relation to the occurrence of overweight and obesity. Screening on the base of the combination of 19 microRNAs identified 70.0% overweight/obese children at 90.0% specificity. In general, children after complicated pregnancies, just as children after normal pregnancies, with abnormal findings are at a higher risk of the onset of cardiovascular complications, and their dispensarization, with the aim to implement primary prevention strategies, would be beneficial.

• Klíčová slova
• body mass index, cardiovascular risk, children, echocardiography, heart defects, microRNA, overweight/obesity, pregnancy-related complications, prehypertension/hypertension, valve problems,
• MeSH
• cerebrovaskulární poruchy genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gestační diabetes genetika   MeSH
• hypertenze indukovaná těhotenstvím genetika   MeSH
• hypertenze genetika   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci genetika   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nadváha genetika   MeSH
• obezita genetika   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• preeklampsie genetika   MeSH
• prehypertenze genetika   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• růstová retardace plodu genetika   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• upregulace genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikro RNA MeSH

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the major pregnancy-related complications, characterized as a transitory form of diabetes induced by insulin resistance accompanied by a low/absent pancreatic beta-cell compensatory adaptation to the increased insulin demand, causes the acute, long-term, and transgenerational health complications. The aim of the study was to assess if alterations in gene expression of microRNAs associated with diabetes/cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases are present in whole peripheral blood of children aged 3-11 years descending from GDM complicated pregnancies. A substantially altered microRNA expression profile was found in children descending from GDM complicated pregnancies. Almost all microRNAs with the exception of miR-92a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-210-3p were upregulated. The microRNA expression profile also differed between children after normal and GDM complicated pregnancies in relation to the presence of overweight/obesity, prehypertension/hypertension, and/or valve problems and heart defects. Always, screening based on the combination of microRNAs was superior over using individual microRNAs, since at 10.0% false positive rate it was able to identify a large proportion of children with an aberrant microRNA expression profile (88.14% regardless of clinical findings, 75.41% with normal clinical findings, and 96.49% with abnormal clinical findings). In addition, the higher incidence of valve problems and heart defects was found in children with a prior exposure to GDM. The extensive file of predicted targets of all microRNAs aberrantly expressed in children descending from GDM complicated pregnancies indicates that a large group of these genes is involved in ontologies of diabetes/cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. In general, children with a prior exposure to GDM are at higher risk of later development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases, and would benefit from dispensarisation as well as implementation of primary prevention strategies.

• Klíčová slova
• BMI, bioinformatics, cardiovascular risk, children, echocardiography, gestational diabetes mellitus, miRWalk2.0 database, microRNA expression, prehypertension/hypertension, screening,
• MeSH
• cerebrovaskulární poruchy etiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• gestační diabetes epidemiologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie   MeSH
• komplikace diabetu komplikace   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikro RNA MeSH

Mothers with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of developing diabetes in the future and a lifelong cardiovascular risk. Postpartal expression profile of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease associated microRNAs was assessed 3-11 years after the delivery in whole peripheral blood of young and middle-aged mothers with a prior exposure to GDM with the aim to identify a high-risk group of mothers at risk of later development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases who would benefit from implementation of early primary prevention strategies and long-term follow-up. The hypothesis of the assessment of cardiovascular risk in women was based on the knowledge that a series of microRNAs play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. Abnormal expression profile of multiple microRNAs was found in women with a prior exposure to GDM (miR-1-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-499a-5p, and-miR-574-3p). Postpartal combined screening of miR-1-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-499a-5p showed the highest accuracy for the identification of mothers with a prior exposure to GDM at a higher risk of later development of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases (AUC 0.900, p 0.001, sensitivity 77.48%, specificity 93.26%, cut off >0.611270413). It was able to identify 77.48% mothers with an increased cardiovascular risk at 10.0% FPR. Any of changes in epigenome (upregulation of miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-195-5p) that were induced by GDM-complicated pregnancy are long-acting and may predispose mothers affected with GDM to later development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, novel epigenetic changes (upregulation of serious of microRNAs) appeared in a proportion of women that were exposed to GDM throughout the postpartal life. Likewise, a previous occurrence of either GH, PE, and/or FGR, as well as a previous occurrence of GDM, is associated with the upregulation of miR-1-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-499a-5p. On the other hand, upregulation of miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-342-3p, and miR-574-3p represents a unique feature of aberrant expression profile of women with a prior exposure to GDM. Screening of particular microRNAs may stratify a high-risk group of mothers with a history of GDM who might benefit from implementation of early primary prevention strategies.

• Klíčová slova
• cardiovascular risk, cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases, gestational diabetes mellitus, microRNA expression, mothers, pregnancy complications, primary prevention, screening,
• MeSH
• cerebrovaskulární poruchy metabolismus   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus metabolismus   MeSH
• epigeneze genetická MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• gestační diabetes genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární systém metabolismus   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matky MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikro RNA MeSH

Children descending from pregnancies complicated by gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE) or fetal growth restriction (FGR) have a lifelong cardiovascular risk. The aim of the study was to verify if pregnancy complications induce postnatal alterations in gene expression of microRNAs associated with cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. Twenty-nine microRNAs were assessed in peripheral blood, compared between groups, and analyzed in relation to both aspects, the current presence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular complications and the previous occurrence of pregnancy complications with regard to the clinical signs, dates of delivery, and Doppler ultrasound examination. The expression profile of miR-21-5p differed between controls and children with a history of uncomplicated pregnancies with abnormal clinical findings. Abnormal expression profile of multiple microRNAs was found in children affected with GH (miR-1-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, and miR-342-3p), PE (miR-1-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-342-3p), and FGR (miR-17-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-133a-3p). The index of pulsatility in the ductus venosus showed a strong positive correlation with miR-210-3p gene expression in children exposed to PE and/or FGR. Any of changes in epigenome (up-regulation of miR-1-3p and miR-133a-3p) that were induced by pregnancy complications are long-acting and may predispose children affected with GH, PE, or FGR to later development of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. Novel epigenetic changes (aberrant expression profile of microRNAs) appeared in a proportion of children that were exposed to GH, PE, or FGR. Screening of particular microRNAs may stratify a highly risky group of children that might benefit from implementation of early primary prevention strategies.

• Klíčová slova
• Body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular risk, cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases, children, echocardiography, microRNA expression, pregnancy complications, prehypertension/hypertension, primary prevention, screening,
• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• cerebrovaskulární poruchy diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• mikro RNA MeSH