Urinary tract infections represent common nosocomial infectious diseases. Bacteriocin production has been recently described as a putative virulence factor in these infections but studies focusing particularly on Pseudomonas aeruginosa are not available. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of the bacteriocin genes, their co-occurrence and their co-association with previously detected virulence factors in a set of 135 P. aeruginosa strains from catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The overall bacteriocinogeny reached 96.3 % with an average of 3.6 genes per strain. The most frequently detected determinants were the encoded pyocins S4 (76.3 %), R (69.6 %), and S2 (67.4 %). A statistically significant co-occurrence and a negative relationship were observed between several pyocin types. Particular pyocins exhibited associations with biofilm formation, production of pyochelin, pyocyanin, antibiotic-degrading enzymes, overall strain susceptibility and resistance, and motility of the strain. Co-occurrence of the pyocins S2 and S4 (p<<0.0001; Z = 13.15), both utilizating the ferripyoverdine receptor FpvAI, was found but no relation to pyoverdine production was detected. A negative association (p = 0.0047; Z=-2.83) was observed between pyochelin and pyocin S5 utilising the ferripyochelin receptor FptA. Pairwise assays resulted in 52.1 % inhibition which was equally distributed between soluble and particle types of antimicrobials. In conclusion, pyocin determinants appear to be important characteristics of CAUTI-related P. aeruginosa isolates and could contribute to their urovirulence.

• Klíčová slova
• Bacteriocin, CAUTI, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pyocin, Siderophores,
• MeSH
• bakteriociny genetika   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• infekce močového ústrojí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• katétry mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH

Staphylococcus petrasii is recently described coagulase negative staphylococcal species and an opportunistic human pathogen, still often misidentified in clinical specimens. Four subspecies are distinguished in S. petrasii by polyphasic taxonomical analyses, however a comparative study has still not been done on the majority of isolates and their genome properties have not yet been thoroughly analysed. Here, we describe the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 65 isolates and the results of de novo sequencing, whole genome assembly and annotation of draft genomes of five strains. The strains were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to the species level and the majority of the strains were identified to the subspecies level by fingerprinting methods, (GTG)5 repetitive PCR and ribotyping. Macrorestriction profiling by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was confirmed to be a suitable strain typing method. Comparative genomics revealed the presence of new mobile genetic elements carrying antimicrobial resistance factors such as staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec, transposones, phage-inducible genomic islands, and plasmids. Their mosaic structure and similarity across coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus suggest the possible exchange of these elements. Numerous putative virulence factors such as adhesins, autolysins, exoenzymes, capsule formation genes, immunomodulators, the phage-associated sasX gene, and SCC-associated spermidine N-acetyltransferase gene, pseudouridine and sorbitol utilization operons might explain clinical manifestations of S. petrasii isolates. The increasing recovery of S. petrasii isolates from human clinical material, the multi-drug resistance including methicillin resistance of S. petrasii subsp. jettensis strains, and virulence factors homologous to other pathogenic staphylococci demonstrate the importance of the species in human disease.

• Klíčová slova
• Coagulase-negative staphylococci, MALDI-TOF MS, Methicillin resistance, Mobile genetic elements, Molecular subtyping, Virulence factors,
• MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genom bakteriální * MeSH
• genomika MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• ribotypizace MeSH
• rozptýlené repetitivní sekvence * MeSH
• Staphylococcus klasifikace   genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• faktory virulence MeSH

Proinflammatory cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157, but the spectrum of bacterial components involved in the proinflammatory responses is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the abilities of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), nanoparticles released by EHEC O157 during growth, to induce production of proinflammatory cytokines in human intestinal epithelial cells. OMVs from both EHEC O157:H7 and sorbitol-fermenting (SF) EHEC O157:H- induced production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in Caco-2, HCT-8, and HT-29 intestinal epithelial cell lines. H7 flagellin was the key IL-8-inducing component of EHEC O157:H7 OMVs, whereas cytolethal distending toxin V and O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) largely contributed to IL-8 production elicited by flagellin-lacking OMVs from SF EHEC O157:H-. The H7 flagellin-mediated signaling via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5, and O157 LPS-mediated signaling via TLR4/MD-2 complex, which were followed by activation of the nuclear factor NF-κB were major pathways underlying IL-8 production induced by EHEC O157 OMVs. The proinflammatory and immunomodulatory capacities of EHEC O157 OMVs have pathogenetic implications and support the OMVs as suitable vaccine candidates.

• Klíčová slova
• Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157, Flagellin, Immunomodulation, Lipopolysaccharide, Outer membrane vesicles, Proinflammatory cytokines,
• MeSH
• buněčná membrána metabolismus   MeSH
• buňky HT-29 MeSH
• Caco-2 buňky MeSH
• epitelové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• Escherichia coli O157 patogenita   MeSH
• faktory virulence metabolismus   MeSH
• flagelin metabolismus   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• interleukin-8 biosyntéza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• NF-kappa B metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• střevní sliznice cytologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 4 metabolismus   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 5 metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• CXCL8 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• faktory virulence MeSH
• flagelin MeSH
• interleukin-8 MeSH
• NF-kappa B MeSH
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli MeSH
• TLR4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• TLR5 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• toll-like receptor 4 MeSH
• toll-like receptor 5 MeSH

Clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen in humans with an increasing incidence in the community. The "one-health" approach of research is needed to investigate possible reservoirs of C. difficile and route of its transmission. The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of C. difficile in pigs in the Czech Republic with characterisation of the isolates to determine their genetic relatedness to C. difficile isolates from European and Asian pigs. A total of 198 pig faeces samples from 23 farms were investigated and of those 57 samples (55 piglets, 2 sows) from 11 farms were confirmed as C. difficile positive. The majority of C. difficile isolates belonged to the sequence type 11 and clade 5. The predominant ribotypes were 078 (n = 23), 078-variant (n = 5), 033 (n = 10) followed by RTs 150 (n = 7), 011 (n = 5), 045 (n = 4), 126, 014, 002 (n = 1, each). All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole, vancomycin and tetracycline. Isolates of RTs 150 and 078-variant were moxifloxacin resistant (MIC≥32 mg/L) and carried the amino acid substitution Thr82Ile in the GyrA. A multi-locus variable number tandem-repeats analysis (MLVA) revealed a clonal relatedness of isolates within individual farms and in C. difficile RT078 isolates between two Czech farms. Czech C. difficile RT078 isolates clustered with German C. difficile RT078 isolates and Czech C. difficile 078-variant isolates clustered with C. difficile RT078 isolates from Japan and Taiwan. This study found an emergence of C. difficile RT078 in Czech piglets that was related genetically to C. difficile RT078 isolates from Germany, Japan and Taiwan.

• Klíčová slova
• Clostridium difficile, MLVA, Moxifloxacin resistance, PCR ribotype 078, Piglets, Transmission,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Clostridioides difficile klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA gyráza genetika   MeSH
• klostridiové infekce mikrobiologie   přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• metronidazol farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• moxifloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• ribotypizace MeSH
• substituce aminokyselin genetika   MeSH
• tetracyklin farmakologie   MeSH
• vankomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Japonsko MeSH
• Německo MeSH
• Taiwan MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• DNA gyráza MeSH
• metronidazol MeSH
• moxifloxacin MeSH
• tetracyklin MeSH
• vankomycin MeSH

Laboratory mice are the most commonly used animal model for Staphylococcus aureus infection studies. We have previously shown that laboratory mice from global vendors are frequently colonized with S. aureus. Laboratory mice originate from wild house mice. Hence, we investigated whether wild rodents, including house mice, as well as shrews are naturally colonized with S. aureus and whether S. aureus adapts to the wild animal host. 295 animals of ten different species were caught in different locations over four years (2012-2015) in Germany, France and the Czech Republic. 45 animals were positive for S. aureus (15.3%). Three animals were co-colonized with two different isolates, resulting in 48 S. aureus isolates in total. Positive animals were found in Germany and the Czech Republic in each studied year. The S. aureus isolates belonged to ten different spa types, which grouped into six lineages (clonal complex (CC) 49, CC88, CC130, CC1956, sequence type (ST) 890, ST3033). CC49 isolates were most abundant (17/48, 35.4%), followed by CC1956 (14/48, 29.2%) and ST890 (9/48, 18.8%). The wild animal isolates lacked certain properties that are common among human isolates, e.g., a phage-encoded immune evasion cluster, superantigen genes on mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes, which suggests long-term adaptation to the wild animal host. One CC130 isolate contained the mecC gene, implying wild rodents might be both reservoir and vector for methicillin-resistant . In conclusion, we demonstrated that wild rodents and shrews are naturally colonized with S. aureus, and that those S. aureus isolates show signs of host adaptation.

• Klíčová slova
• Colonization, Host adaptation, Immune evasion cluster, Staphylococcus aureus, Wild mice, mecC,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• divoká zvířata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• hlodavci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• myši MeSH
• rejskovití mikrobiologie   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Francie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Německo epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH

A set of 178 Escherichia coli isolates taken from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was analyzed for bacteriocin production and tested for the prevalence of 30 bacteriocin and 22 virulence factor determinants. Additionally, E. coli phylogenetic groups were also determined. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for exclusion of clonal character of isolates. Results were compared to data from a previously published analysis of 1283 fecal commensal E. coli isolates. The frequency of bacteriocinogenic isolates (66.9%) was significantly higher in IBD E. coli compared to fecal commensal E. coli isolates (54.2%, p < 0.01). In the group of IBD E. coli isolates, a higher prevalence of determinants for group B colicins (i.e., colicins B, D, Ia, Ib, M, and 5/10) (p < 0.01), including a higher prevalence of the colicin B determinant (p < 0.01) was found. Virulence factor determinants encoding fimbriae (fimA, 91.0%; pap, 27.5%), cytotoxic necrotizing factor (cnf1, 11.2%), aerobactin synthesis (aer, 43.3%), and the locus associated with invasivity (ial, 9.0%) were more prevalent in IBD E. coli (p < 0.05 for all five determinants). E. coli isolates from IBD mucosal biopsies were more frequently bacteriocinogenic (84.6%, p < 0.01) compared to fecal IBD isolates and fecal commensal E. coli. PFGE analysis revealed clusters specific for IBD E. coli isolates (n = 11), for fecal isolates (n = 13), and clusters containing both IBD and fecal isolates (n = 10). ExPEC (Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli) virulence and colicin determinants appear to be important characteristics of IBD E. coli isolates, especially the E. coli isolates obtained directly from biopsy samples.

• Klíčová slova
• Bacteriocin, Crohn’s disease, E. coli, Phylogenetic group, Ulcerative colitis, Virulence,
• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny genetika   MeSH
• bakteriociny metabolismus   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• extraintestinální patogenní Escherichia coli izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lyasy oxokyselin genetika   MeSH
• proteiny fimbrií genetika   MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli genetika   MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra fyziologie   MeSH
• ulcerózní kolitida mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aerobactin synthetase MeSH Prohlížeč
• bakteriální toxiny MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 MeSH Prohlížeč
• fimbrillin MeSH Prohlížeč
• lyasy oxokyselin MeSH
• proteiny fimbrií MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli MeSH

Exfoliative toxin B (ETB) encoded by some large plasmids plays a crucial role in epidermolytic diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We have found as yet unknown types of etb gene-positive plasmids isolated from a set of impetigo strains implicated in outbreaks of pemphigus neonatorum in Czech maternity hospitals. Plasmids from the strains of clonal complex CC121 were related to archetypal plasmid pETBTY4. Sharing a 33-kb core sequence including virulence genes for ETB, EDIN C, and lantibiotics, they were assigned to a stand-alone lineage, named pETBTY4-based plasmids. Differing from each other in the content of variable DNA regions, they formed four sequence types. In addition to them, a novel unique plasmid pETB608 isolated from a strain of ST130 was described. Carrying conjugative cluster genes, as well as new variants of etb and edinA genes, pETB608 could be regarded as a source of a new lineage of ETB plasmids. We have designed a helpful detection assay, which facilitates the precise identification of the all described types of ETB plasmids.

• Klíčová slova
• Bullous impetigo, ETB plasmids, Exfoliative toxin B, Phylogeny, Staphylococcus aureus,
• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• bakteriociny genetika   MeSH
• dermotoxiny genetika   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• exfoliatiny genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• impetigo epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pemfigus epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• dermotoxiny MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• exfoliatiny MeSH

Escherichia coli is the most common cause of bloodstream infections and community-acquired sepsis. The main aim of this study was to determine virulence characteristics of E. coli isolates from hemocultures of patients with a primary disease of urogenital tract, digestive system, a neoplastic blood disease, or other conditions. Results from a set of 314 E. coli isolates from hemocultures were compared to data from a previously published analysis of 1283 fecal commensal E. coli isolates. Genetic profiling of the 314 E. coli isolates involved determination of phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, D, C, E, and F), identification of 21 virulence factors, as well as 30 bacteriocin-encoding determinants. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze clonal character of the hemoculture-derived isolates. The E. coli isolates from hemocultures belonged mainly to phylogenetic groups B2 (59.9%) and D (21.0%), and less frequently to phylogroups A (10.2%) and B1 (5.7%). Commonly detected virulence factors included adhesins (fimA 92.0%, pap 47.1%, and sfa 26.8%), and iron-uptake encoding genes (fyuA 87.9%, fepC 79.6%, aer 70.7%, iucC 68.2%, and ireA 13.7%), followed by colibactin (pks island 31.5%), and cytotoxic necrotizing factor (cnf1 11.1%). A higher frequency of microcin producers (and microcin M determinant) and a lower frequency of colicin Ib and microcin B17 was found in hemoculture-derived isolates compared to commensal fecal isolates. E. coli isolates from hemocultures harbored more virulence genes compared to fecal E. coli isolates. In addition, hemoculture E. coli isolates from patients with primary diagnosis related to urogenital tract were clearly different and more virulence genes were detected in these isolates compared to both fecal isolates and hemoculture-derived isolates from patients with blood and gastrointestinal diseases.

• Klíčová slova
• Bacteriocin, Blood, E. coli, Hemoculture, Phylogenetic group, Virulence,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Escherichia coli klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• gastroenteritida komplikace   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• infekce močového ústrojí komplikace   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• koliciny genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory komplikace   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sepse mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• faktory virulence MeSH
• koliciny MeSH

Clostridium difficile is a leading nosocomial pathogen and molecular typing is a crucial part of monitoring its occurrence and spread. Over a three-year period (2013-2015), clinical C. difficile isolates from 32 Czech hospitals were collected for molecular characterisation. Of 2201 C. difficile isolates, 177 (8%) were non-toxigenic, 2024 (92%) were toxigenic (tcdA and tcdB) and of these, 677 (33.5%) carried genes for binary toxin production (cdtA, cdtB). Capillary-electrophoresis (CE) ribotyping of the 2201 isolates yielded 166 different CE-ribotyping profiles, of which 53 were represented by at least two isolates for each profile. Of these, 29 CE-ribotyping patterns were common to the Leeds-Leiden C. difficile reference strain library and the WEBRIBO database (83.7% isolates), and 24 patterns were recognized only by the WEBRIBO database (11.2% isolates). Isolates belonging to these 53 CE-ribotyping profiles comprised 94.9% of all isolates. The ten most frequent CE-ribotyping profiles were 176 (n=588, 26.7%), 001 (n=456, 20.7%), 014 (n=176, 8%), 012 (n=127, 5.8%), 017 (n=85, 3.9%), 020 (n=68, 3.1%), 596 (n=55, 2.5%), 002-like (n=45, 2.1%), 010 (n=35, 1.6%) and 078 (n=34, 1.6%). Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of seven housekeeping genes performed in one isolate of each of 53 different CE-ribotyping profiles revealed 40 different sequence types (STs). We conclude that molecular characterisation of Czech C. difficile isolates revealed a high diversity of CE-ribotyping profiles; the prevailing RTs were 001 (20.7%) and 176 (027-like, 26.7%).

• Klíčová slova
• Capillary electrophoresis ribotyping, Clostridium difficile, MLST, Molecular typing, Toxin genes, tcdC,
• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny analýza   genetika   MeSH
• Clostridioides difficile klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• klostridiové infekce epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• molekulární epidemiologie MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ribotypizace MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální toxiny MeSH

Interactions of colicins U and Y with the OmpA (Outer membrane protein A) receptor molecule were studied using site-directed mutagenesis and colicin binding assay. A systematic mutagenesis of the colicin-susceptible OmpA sequence from Escherichia coli (OmpAEC) to the colicin-resistant OmpA sequence from Serratia marcescens (OmpASM) was performed in regions corresponding to extracellular OmpA loops 1-4. Susceptibility to colicins U and Y was significantly affected by the OmpA mutation in loop 1. As with functional analysis, a decrease in binding capacity of His-tagged colicin U was found for recombinant OmpA with a mutated segment in loop 1 compared to control OmpAEC. To verify the importance of the identified amino acid residues in OmpA loop 1, we introduced loop 1 from OmpAEC into OmpASM, which resulted in the substantial increase of susceptibility to colicins U and Y. In addition, colicins U and Y were tested against a panel of 118 bacteriocin non-producing strains of four Escherichia species, including E. coli (39 strains), E. fergusonii (10 strains), E. hermannii (42 strains), and E. vulneris (27 strains). A majority (82%) of E. coli strains was susceptible to colicins U and Y. Interestingly, colicins U and Y also inhibited all of the 30 tested multidrug-resistant E. coli O25b-ST131 isolates. These findings, together with the fact that OmpA loop 1 is important for bacterial virulence and is evolutionary conserved, offer the potential of using colicins U and Y as specific anti-OmpA loop 1 directed antibacterial proteins.

• Klíčová slova
• Colicin U, Colicin Y, Colicin-receptor interaction, Escherichia coli, OmpA,
• MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• koliciny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Serratia marcescens genetika   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• koliciny MeSH
• OMPA outer membrane proteins MeSH Prohlížeč
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány MeSH