BACKGROUND: Recent reviews have referred to the paranuclear dot-like staining pattern of CD99 in several neoplasms, including solid pseudopapillary tumors in the pancreas, colonic adenocarcinomas, and colonic adenomas as well as in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The aim of this work was to explore the utility of CD99 paranuclear staining in the differential diagnosis of MCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We explore paranuclear dot-like CD99 expression in several small, round blue cell neoplasms, including neuroendocrine neoplasms, Ewing sarcomas/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (EWS/PNET), melanomas, small cell lung carcinomas (SCC), lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and rhabdomyosarcomas, in comparison with 33 cases of MCC, to determine the specificity of the paranuclear dot-like CD99 expression in MCC. RESULTS: Twenty MCC (60%) demonstrated focal expression of CD99 and of those, 14 (42.4%) showed the characteristic paranuclear dot-like expression. CD99 was also paranuclear positive in 4 of 11 (36%) SCC, in 3 of 7 (43%) EWS/PNET, in 1 of 6 (16%) lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia cases, in 3 of 3 (100%) rhabdomyosarcomas and all melanomas were negative for the CD99 reaction. CONCLUSION: CD99 paranuclear dot-like expression was not exclusive of the MCC compared with several neoplasms included in its differential diagnosis. This expression is not a great diagnostic aid.

• Klíčová slova
• CD99, Merkel, immunohistochemistry,
• MeSH
• antigen CD99 analýza   biosyntéza   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza * MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Merkelův nádor diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   MeSH
• nádory kůže diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen CD99 MeSH
• CD99 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH

Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) is a benign tumor that belongs to the category of the "stromal tumors of the lower female genital tract," together with cellular angiofibroma and myofibroblastoma. Previous studies have shown overlapping morphologic and immunohistochemical features between these tumors and spindle cell lipoma, mammary-type myofibroblastoma, and vulvovaginal cellular angiofibroma and myofibroblastoma. In addition, typical loss of genetic material from the 13q14 region has been documented in all the above-mentioned tumors, suggesting that they are histogenetically related. We report the clinicopathologic features of 11 new cases of vulvovaginal AMFBs. Histologically, the basic common theme was a proliferation of bland-looking spindle to round-to-epithelioid cells set in an edematous to fibrous stroma, frequently arranged around thin-walled blood vessels. Two cases were composed of a prominent mature fatty component closely admixed with typical areas of AMFB, and thus, they were designated as "lipomatous AMFBs." Notably, 1 case was closely reminiscent of Sertoli cell tumor, sclerosing type, because of its predominant cord-like arrangement. Immunohistochemically, all tumors were diffusely positive for vimentin, whereas desmin and α-smooth muscle actin were expressed in a minority of cases, suggesting a fibroblastic rather than myofibroblastic differentiation. Most cases of AMFBs coexpressed Bcl-2 protein and CD99. Interestingly, all 5 cases of AMFB with evaluable signals failed to show monoallelic loss of FOXO1 loci (13q14) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These cytogenetic findings suggest that vulvovaginal AMFB is not genetically related to cellular angiofibroma and myofibroblastoma of the lower female genital tract.

• Klíčová slova
• 13q14 deletion, Angiomyofibroblastoma, Immunohistochemistry, Vagina, Vulva,
• MeSH
• angiofibrom genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• antigen CD99 MeSH
• CD antigeny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• chromozomální delece MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 13 MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory vaginy genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nádory vulvy genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nádory ze svalové tkáně genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vimentin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen CD99 MeSH
• CD antigeny MeSH
• CD99 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• molekuly buněčné adheze MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 MeSH
• vimentin MeSH

SOX10 belongs to the family of transcription factors essential for the development of neural crest, peripheral nervous system and melanocytes. It is presently used in histopathology as a marker of melanocytic differentiation. SOX10 is expressed in normal brain tissue in oligodendrocytes, but the information about SOX10 expression in primary tumors of the central nervous system is quite limited. In this study, we examined the expression of SOX10 and Olig2 by immunohistochemistry in a series of 98 glial tumors and explored their specificity and sensitivity for differential diagnosis of ependymal vs non-ependymal tumors. In addition, we examined the expression of EMA and CD99 in ependymal tumors. SOX10 and Olig2 staining were scored as negative if no positive cells or only a few positive cells (typically up to 1-3%) were found. In all other instances, SOX10 or Olig2 staining was scored as positive. Out of 44 examined ependymal tumors none was found to express SOX10 and 7 specimens showed only a few SOX10-positive cells that likely corresponded to entrapped non-neoplastic oligodendrocytes. In contrast, non-ependymal tumors expressed SOX10 in 26/54 (48%) specimens. Olig2 was positive in 5 out of 44 ependymomas (11%) and 50 out of 54 (93%) non-ependymal tumors (astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas). EMA and CD99 expression was found in 33/44 (75%) and 11/44 (25%) of ependymomas, respectively. SOX10-positivity rules out the diagnosis of ependymoma among other glial tumors with high confidence.

• MeSH
• antigen CD99 MeSH
• astrocytom metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• CD antigeny biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ependymom diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• gliom diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• oligodendroglie metabolismus   MeSH
• oligodendrogliom metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• proteiny nervové tkáně genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transkripční faktor OLIG2 MeSH
• transkripční faktory bHLH genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• transkripční faktory SOXE genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen CD99 MeSH
• CD antigeny MeSH
• CD99 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• molekuly buněčné adheze MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• OLIG2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• proteiny nervové tkáně MeSH
• SOX10 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• transkripční faktor OLIG2 MeSH
• transkripční faktory bHLH MeSH
• transkripční faktory SOXE MeSH

CD43 (leukosialin, sialophorin), an abundant leukocyte surface sialoglycoprotein, regulates leukocyte adhesion and transmits activating signals in T cells and dendritic cells. Immobilized anti-CD43 monoclonal antibody (mAb) MEM-59 has been previously shown to induce apoptosis of hematopoietic progenitors. In this study we show that it also triggers apoptosis of the myeloid progenitor-derived cell line TF-1. The kinetics of the MEM-59-induced apoptosis were unusually slow, with the first apoptotic cells appearing 36-48 h after their contact with the immobilized antibody; in 5 days, 90% of the cells were dead. CD43-mediated apoptosis was enhanced by coimmobilized anti-CD45 mAb and partly suppressed by coimmobilized anti-CD50 (ICAM-3) or anti-CD99 mAb. The MEM-59-triggered apoptosis of TF-1 cells was also inhibited by the overexpression of an apoptotic regulator, Daxx. CD43-mediated apoptosis was preceded by the repression of the DNA binding activity of the transcription factor AP-1. DNA array screening revealed that the expression of several genes encoding apoptosis-regulating proteins, including 14-3-3 proteins and the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor beta-subunit, was repressed in TF-1 cells bound to immobilized MEM-59. The down-regulation of 14-3-3 proteins and GM-CSF receptor beta was accompanied by translocation of the proapoptotic protein Bad to the mitochondria. These results suggest that engagement of CD43 may, presumably through the repressing transcription, initiate a Bad-dependent apoptotic pathway.

• MeSH
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční MeSH
• antigen CD99 MeSH
• antigeny CD43 MeSH
• antigeny CD45 biosyntéza   MeSH
• apoptóza * MeSH
• buněčná adheze MeSH
• buněčné dělení MeSH
• buněčné jádro metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• CD antigeny biosyntéza   MeSH
• diferenciační antigeny * MeSH
• down regulace MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• genetická transkripce * MeSH
• hematopoetické kmenové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny * MeSH
• jaderné proteiny * MeSH
• Jurkat buňky MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• komplementární DNA metabolismus   MeSH
• korepresorové proteiny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární chaperony MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze biosyntéza   MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky metabolismus   MeSH
• NF-kappa B metabolismus   MeSH
• oligonukleotidy metabolismus   MeSH
• plazmidy metabolismus   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• reagencia zkříženě vázaná farmakologie   MeSH
• sialoglykoproteiny biosyntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• techniky dvojhybridového systému MeSH
• tetrazoliové soli farmakologie   MeSH
• thiazoly farmakologie   MeSH
• transport proteinů MeSH
• transportní proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• western blotting MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční MeSH
• antigen CD99 MeSH
• antigeny CD43 MeSH
• antigeny CD45 MeSH
• CD antigeny MeSH
• CD99 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• DAXX protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• diferenciační antigeny * MeSH
• ICAM3 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny * MeSH
• jaderné proteiny * MeSH
• komplementární DNA MeSH
• korepresorové proteiny MeSH
• molekulární chaperony MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• NF-kappa B MeSH
• oligonukleotidy MeSH
• reagencia zkříženě vázaná MeSH
• sialoglykoproteiny MeSH
• SPN protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• tetrazoliové soli MeSH
• thiazoly MeSH
• thiazolyl blue MeSH Prohlížeč
• transportní proteiny MeSH

T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) accounts for about 15% of pediatric and about 25% of adult ALL cases. Minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) is an important prognostic indicator for risk stratification. In order to assess the MRD a limited number of antibodies directed against the most discriminative antigens must be selected. We propose a pipeline for evaluating the influence of different markers for cell population classification in FCM data. We use linear support vector machine, fitted to each sample individually to avoid issues with patient and laboratory variations. The best separating hyperplane direction as well as the influence of omitting specific markers is considered. Ninety-one bone marrow samples of 43 pediatric T-ALL patients from five reference laboratories were analyzed by FCM regarding marker importance for blast cell identification using combinations of eight different markers. For all laboratories, CD48 and CD99 were among the top three markers with strongest contribution to the optimal hyperplane, measured by median separating hyperplane coefficient size for all samples per center and time point (diagnosis, Day 15, Day 33). Based on the available limited set tested (CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD45, CD48, CD99), our findings prove that CD48 and CD99 are useful markers for MRD monitoring in T-ALL. The proposed pipeline can be applied for evaluation of other marker combinations in the future.

• Klíčová slova
• CD48, CD99, T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia, feature importance, flow cytometry, minimal residual disease, support vector machine,
• MeSH
• akutní lymfatická leukemie * diagnóza   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfoblastická leukemie-lymfom z prekurzorových T-buněk * diagnóza   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• reziduální nádor diagnóza   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The current knowledge about the immunohistochemical features of adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) is mostly limited to the "traditional" immunohistochemical markers of sex cord differentiation, such as inhibin, calretinin, FOXL2, SF1, and CD99. Knowledge about the immunohistochemical markers possibly used for predictive purpose is limited. In our study, we focused on the immunohistochemical examination of 290 cases of AGCT classified based on strict diagnostic criteria, including molecular testing. The antibodies used included 12 of the "diagnostic" antibodies already examined in previous studies, 10 antibodies whose expression has not yet been examined in AGCT, and 7 antibodies with possible predictive significance, including the expression of HER2, PD-L1, CTLA4, and 4 mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. The results of our study showed expression of FOXL2, SF1, CD99, inhibin A, calretinin, ER, PR, AR, CKAE1/3, and CAIX in 98%, 100%, 90%, 78%, 45%, 41%, 94%, 82%, 26%, and 9% of AGCT, respectively. GATA3, SATB2, napsin A, MUC4, TTF1, and CD44 were all negative. PTEN showed a loss of expression in 71% of cases and DPC4 in 4% of cases. The aberrant staining pattern (overexpression) of p53 was found in 1% (3/268) of cases, 2 primary tumors, and 1 recurrent case. Concerning the predictive markers, the results of our study showed that AGCT is microsatellite stable, do not express PD-L1, and are HER2 negative. The CTLA4 expression was found in almost 70% of AGCT tumor cells.

• Klíčová slova
• Granulosa cell tumors, Immunohistochemistry, Ovarian tumors, Sex cord-stromal tumors,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunohistochemie * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádor z folikulárních buněk * patologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * analýza   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků * patologie   metabolismus   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nádorové biomarkery * MeSH

The authors present a unique case of small cell variant of clear cell sarcoma of soft parts in a 42-year old woman. The tumor originally arose in the right flank of the soft tissues and ultimately developed both a local recurrence and multiple distant skin metastases two years and ten months thereafter. Nonspecific morphology of small blue round cell tumor was preserved at all microscopically verified sites and initially led to the spectrum of erroneous diagnoses such as an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma as well as malignant melanoma. The distinctive features of clear cell sarcoma such as fascicular nested growth pattern, spindling, clear cell change and/or eosinophilic cytoplasm were not disclosed even by extensive sampling. Immunohistochemically, the tumor expressed only S100protein and HMB45; all other markers (CD99, FLI1, cytokeratins, EMA) were completely negative. The molecular analysis carried out in one of the cutaneous metastases revealed translocation t(12;22) (EWSR1-ATF1) and ultimately led to the correct diagnosis of unusual Ewing-like clear cell sarcoma. Discussed is the implementation of molecular tests in routine diagnostics considering the existence of both histologically and biologically different tumors with an identical pathogenic molecular background.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fúzní onkogenní proteiny genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru patologie   MeSH
• nádory kůže sekundární   MeSH
• nádory měkkých tkání genetika   patologie   MeSH
• sarkom z jasných buněk genetika   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• EWSR1-ATF1 fusion protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• fúzní onkogenní proteiny MeSH

A rare case of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in adult is reported. The 11 x 7 x 5 cm tumor was excised from deep subcutis of the abdominal region in 37-year-old man. No signs of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome or lymphangiomatosis were present. Besides typical pattern of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, following unusual features were found: dilated vessels producing a gross impression of spindle cell hemangioma, areas of amianthoid-like fibrosis, and diffuse immunoreactivity for CD99. The differential diagnosis included mainly spindle cell hemangioma (hemangioendothelioma), hemangiopericytoma-like solitary fibrous tumor, and Kaposi's sarcoma.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fibróza MeSH
• hemangioendoteliom chemie   patologie   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• Kaposiho sarkom chemie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory kůže chemie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

A 64-year-old patient developed sudden hypoglycemia leading to unconsciousness. Hypoglycemic episodes recurred on several occasions but were not accompanied by unconsciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a liver tumor in the right lobe sized 20.0 × 14.6 × 19.0 cm. No other masses were detected. Right hemihepatectomy was indicated but could not be performed due to heavy bleeding near the tumor. Histological examination showed a relatively cellular tumor made of elongated bland cells. The mitotic index was fewer than 4 mitoses per 10 HPF. The tumor was without necrosis or hemorrhage. The excised tumor was not encapsulated and showed no signs of invasive growth. On immunohistological examination, the tumor expressed NSE, CD34, CD99, Bcl2 and STAT6; Ki-67 was positive in approximately 20% of the cells. Both the histological pattern and immunophenotype were suggestive of solitary fibrous tumor of the liver. Given its size, cellularity and relatively high expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67, the tumor was classified as potentially malignant. The patient underwent embolization of arteries supplying the tumor with blood. The effect of the procedure on the tumor will only be assessed later. Hypoglycemia has resolved and the patient feels well.

• Klíčová slova
• solitary fibrous tumor - liver - hypoglycemia - immunohistology.,
• MeSH
• hypoglykemie etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory jater krevní zásobení   komplikace   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• solitární fibrózní tumory krevní zásobení   komplikace   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• terapeutická embolizace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

We report a case of a 52-year-old female with synovial sarcoma of the uterine corpus. Grossly, the partly polypoid tumor involved the endometrium with invasion into the inner half of the myometrium. Histologically, the tumor showed biphasic structure with the predominance of poorly differentiated small to medium sized round to oval cells. These cells showed high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and were arranged in diffuse sheets. Other component consisted of larger epitheloid cells with ample eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in irregular nests. These cells were only present in a small amount. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in both components showed the expression of EMA, S-100 protein, CD99, and NSE. RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of SYT-SSX1 fusion transcript. At present, the patient shows no signs of tumor relapse 56 months after the diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of synovial sarcoma arising in uterus.

• MeSH
• fúzní onkogenní proteiny genetika   MeSH
• imunoenzymatické techniky MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku genetika   patologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• sekundární malignity genetika   patologie   MeSH
• synoviom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fúzní onkogenní proteiny MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• SYT-SSX fusion protein MeSH Prohlížeč