Colonoscopy is a reliable diagnostic method to detect colorectal polyps early on and prevent colorectal cancer. The current examination techniques face a significant challenge of high missed rates, resulting in numerous undetected polyps and irregularities. Automated and real-time segmentation methods can help endoscopists to segment the shape and location of polyps from colonoscopy images in order to facilitate clinician's timely diagnosis and interventions. Different parameters like shapes, small sizes of polyps, and their close resemblance to surrounding tissues make this task challenging. Furthermore, high-definition image quality and reliance on the operator make real-time and accurate endoscopic image segmentation more challenging. Deep learning models utilized for segmenting polyps, designed to capture diverse patterns, are becoming progressively complex. This complexity poses challenges for real-time medical operations. In clinical settings, utilizing automated methods requires the development of accurate, lightweight models with minimal latency, ensuring seamless integration with endoscopic hardware devices. To address these challenges, in this study a novel lightweight and more generalized Enhanced Nanonet model, an improved version of Nanonet using NanonetB for real-time and precise colonoscopy image segmentation, is proposed. The proposed model enhances the performance of Nanonet using Nanonet B on the overall prediction scheme by applying data augmentation, Conditional Random Field (CRF), and Test-Time Augmentation (TTA). Six publicly available datasets are utilized to perform thorough evaluations, assess generalizability, and validate the improvements: Kvasir-SEG, Endotect Challenge 2020, Kvasir-instrument, CVC-ClinicDB, CVC-ColonDB, and CVC-300. Through extensive experimentation, using the Kvasir-SEG dataset, our model achieves a mIoU score of 0.8188 and a Dice coefficient of 0.8060 with only 132,049 parameters and employing minimal computational resources. A thorough cross-dataset evaluation was performed to assess the generalization capability of the proposed Enhanced Nanonet model across various publicly available polyp datasets for potential real-world applications. The result of this study shows that using CRF (Conditional Random Fields) and TTA (Test-Time Augmentation) enhances performance within the same dataset and also across diverse datasets with a model size of just 132,049 parameters. Also, the proposed method indicates improved results in detecting smaller and sessile polyps (flats) that are significant contributors to the high miss rates.

• Klíčová slova
• colonoscopy, colorectal cancer, conditional random field, lightweight deep learning models, polyp segmentation, test-time augmentation,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Augmentation cystoplasty is an effective approach to the detrusor hyperreflexia which is refractory to conservative treatment. Sporadic data have been published in patients with progressive diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Augmentation ileocystoplasty (Goodwin 'cup-patch') was performed in 9 patients (7 females, 2 males). The average Expanded Disability Status Scale score was 4.1 (range 3.0-6.5); 7 patients had relapse-remitting MS and 2 patients secondary-progressive MS. The indication was a detrusor hyperreflexia refractory to conservative treatment in 8 patients and a detrusor hyperrefluxia with third degree bilateral vesico-ureteral reflux and renal insufficiency in 1 patient. Pre- and postoperative objective parameters were evaluated by urodynamic examination, imaging methods and laboratory examination. Subjective evaluation was performed using a questionnaire on micturition symptoms (score 0-5) and on quality of life (score 0-6). RESULTS: With a follow-up of 6-19 months, we recorded an average increase of the maximum detrusor capacity from 105 to 797 ml and decrease of maximum detrusor pressure from 53 to 30 cm H(2)O. Postmicturition residual urine >25% of the maximum capacity was present in 6 patients who performed clear intermittent autocatheterization postoperatively (2 patients preoperatively). In all patients there was a significant improvement in the irritation micturition symptomatology (pollakisuria, nycturia, urgency and urge incontinence) and the quality of life score improved on average from 5 to 0.7. In the case of the patient with renal insufficiency, the creatinine level decreased from 286 to 150 micromol/l; in the other patients renal function remained normal. CONCLUSIONS: Augmentation cystoplasty is a safe and effective method for indicated patients, which significantly enhances their quality of life.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ileum transplantace   MeSH
• kontinentní náhrady močového měchýře * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• neurogenní močový měchýř etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• urodynamika MeSH
• vezikoureterální reflux etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vzorkové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A global obesity pandemic is one of the most significant health threats worldwide owing to its close association with numerous comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure, cancer and many others. Obesity and its comorbidities lead to a higher rate of cardiovascular complications, heart failure and increased cardiovascular and overall mortality. Bariatric surgery is at present the most potent therapy for obesity, inducing a significant weight loss in the majority of patients. In the long-term, a substantial proportion of patients after bariatric surgery experience a gradual weight regain that may, in some, reach up to a presurgical body weight. As a result, anti-obesity pharmacotherapy may be needed in some patients after bariatric surgery to prevent the weight regain or to further potentiate weight loss. This article provides an overview of the use of anti-obesity medications as an augmentation to bariatric surgery for obesity. Despite relatively limited published data, it can be concluded that anti-obesity medication can serve as an effective adjunct therapy to bariatric surgery to help boost post-bariatric weight loss or prevent weight regain.

• MeSH
• bariatrická chirurgie * metody   MeSH
• hmotnostní přírůstek účinky léků   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek * účinky léků   MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• látky proti obezitě * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita * chirurgie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky proti obezitě * MeSH

BACKGROUND: Peripheral wave reflection augments central blood pressure and contributes to cardiac load. This pressure augmentation is not quantifiable from brachial cuff pressure but can be determined from carotid pulsations using the augmentation index (AI). However, carotid tonometry is technically challenging and difficult to standardize in practice. We tested whether automated radial pressure analysis provides a viable alternative. METHODS AND RESULTS: Carotid and radial AI (cAI, rAI) were measured in 46 volunteers with a broad range of arterial properties. Data were assessed at rest, during a cold-pressor test, and following 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin. cAI correlated with rAI independent of age, mean blood pressure (BP), gender or body mass (cAI = 0.79 x rAI - 0.467, r = 0.81, P < 0.00001), with zero mean bias. There was individual variability in the prediction (difference of -4 +/- 23%), though 65% of the estimates fell within 15% of each other. Change in rAI and cAI with provocative maneuvers also correlated (r = 0.77, P < 0.001). Both cAI and rAI were nonlinearly related to late-systolic pressure-time integral (PTI), an index of cardiac load. At cAI < 0.1 or rAI < 0.69, PTI was unaltered, while greater values correlated with increased PTI. rAI accurately predicted this cut-off in 88% of cases, with a 5.5% false negative rate. CONCLUSIONS: Automated rAI analysis is an easily applied method to assess basal and dynamic central pressure augmentation. While individual predictive accuracy of cAI was variable, overall population results were consistent, supporting use of rAI in clinical trials. Its prediction of when AI is associated with greater LV loading (i.e. cardiac risk) is good and may help stratify individual risk along with brachial cuff pressure.

• MeSH
• arteria radialis fyziologie   MeSH
• arteriae carotides fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kontrakce myokardu fyziologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manometrie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• měření krevního tlaku přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pružnost MeSH
• pulzatilní průtok fyziologie   MeSH
• rychlost toku krve fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

The recurrence of low-stage lung cancer poses a challenge due to its unpredictable nature and diverse patient responses to treatments. Personalized care and patient outcomes heavily rely on early relapse identification, yet current predictive models, despite their potential, lack comprehensive genetic data. This inadequacy fuels our research focus-integrating specific genetic information, such as pathway scores, into clinical data. Our aim is to refine machine learning models for more precise relapse prediction in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. To address the scarcity of genetic data, we employ imputation techniques, leveraging publicly available datasets such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), integrating pathway scores into our patient cohort from the Cancer Long Survivor Artificial Intelligence Follow-up (CLARIFY) project. Through the integration of imputed pathway scores from the TCGA dataset with clinical data, our approach achieves notable strides in predicting relapse among a held-out test set of 200 patients. By training machine learning models on enriched knowledge graph data, inclusive of triples derived from pathway score imputation, we achieve a promising precision of 82% and specificity of 91%. These outcomes highlight the potential of our models as supplementary tools within tumour, node, and metastasis (TNM) classification systems, offering improved prognostic capabilities for lung cancer patients. In summary, our research underscores the significance of refining machine learning models for relapse prediction in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Our approach, centered on imputing pathway scores and integrating them with clinical data, not only enhances predictive performance but also demonstrates the promising role of machine learning in anticipating relapse and ultimately elevating patient outcomes.

• Klíčová slova
• Knowledge graph embedding, Link prediction, Machine learning, Non-small-cell lung cancer, Tumor recurrence prediction,
• MeSH
• databáze genetické MeSH
• genomika * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru genetika   MeSH
• nádory plic * genetika   MeSH
• nemalobuněčný karcinom plic * genetika   MeSH
• strojové učení * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Pregnancy after augmentation enterocystoplasty is an increasingly frequent phenomenon in women with congenital anomalies or a neurogenic urinary bladder. Possible complications during pregnancy and the period near delivery and their treatment is described by the authors, based on the case-history of a 22-year-old primipara after ileocoecal augmentation. The authors summarise the so far scarce data reported in the literature.

• MeSH
• císařský řez MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kontinentní náhrady močového měchýře * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství * MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

PURPOSE: Anastomosis between posterior superior alveolar artery and infraorbital artery can go through bony canal in the lateral wall of the maxilla. This artery is called alveolar antral artery. It can complicate lateral sinus lift procedure by bleeding and hemosinus formation or bone graft wash out. The artery can also go in soft tissues where is not visible on cone beam computed tomography. In previous studies, the relation of this artery to sinus floor or alveolar process was measured. These structures are highly unstable during lifetime and after tooth loss. The aim of this study is to study presence and relations of bony canal in the lateral maxillary wall, to characterize the group of patients which is more likely to have bone canal in the lateral maxilla. The aim and the novelty of this study is the describing of the relationship of the bony canal to the more stable structure of hard palate and describing the relation of presence of bony canal on width of maxillary sinus, and to facilitate the prediction of presence of the alveolar antral artery. MATERIALS: The cone beam computed tomography scans of the patients (251 in number) of the university hospital were examined for presence of alveolar antral artery (148 was fulfilled inclusion criteria), patient were characterized by gender, age, and sinus type (wide, average, narrow). The diameter of the bony canal and its relation to the level of sinus floor and hard palate were measured. RESULTS: The cone beam computed tomography scans of 148 patients, out of it 55 man (37,2%) and 93 women (62,8%). Bony canal containing alveolar anastomosis was found in 69 cases (57,0%). Presence of the bony canal in the lateral wall of maxillae showed statistical probability depending on age with p = 0, 064 according to Mann-Whitney test. The older patients have more likely the bony canal. The presence of the alveolar antral artery was found more likely in the wide sinuses. The hard palate level can serve as a prediction point of alveolar antral artery only in first molar and second premolar region. In accordance with previous studies the width of bony canal is significantly higher in group of man (p = 0, 015). There was found a correlation between smaller distance of bony canal from sinus floor in the presence of teeth (p = 0, 067). After tooth loss the distance between sinus floor and bony canal increases, but the distance of bony canal to hard palate level stays constant. This can be explained hypothetically so that periodontal ligaments and root surface acts as a barrier for sinus pneumatization. CONCLUSION: Lateral sinus lifting in some cases can be unenviable, the knowledge about alveolar antral artery anatomy can reduce the risk of arterial bleeding. The cone-beam computed tomography is a routine examination prior to augmentation surgery and therefore the data obtained from it has an impact on clinical practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Alveolar-antral artery, Dental implants perioperative complications, Lateral sinus lift complication, Sinus floor augmentation, cbct study,
• MeSH
• arterie diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• augmentace dna čelistní dutiny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová tomografie s kuželovým svazkem metody   MeSH
• processus alveolaris diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• ztráta zubů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The projector-augmented wave (PAW) method is one of the approaches that are widely used to approximately treat core electrons and thus to speed up plane-wave basis set electronic structure calculations. However, PAW involves approximations, and it is thus important to understand how they affect the results. Tests of the precision of PAW data sets often use the properties of isolated atoms or atomic solids. While this is sufficient to identify problematic PAW data sets, little information has been gained to understand the origins of the errors and suggest ways to correct them. Here, we show that the interaction energies of molecular dimers are very useful not only to identify problematic PAW data sets but also to uncover the origin of the errors. Using dimers from the S22 and S66 test sets and other dimers, we find that the error in the interaction energy is composed of a short-range component with an exponential decay and a long-range electrostatic part caused by an error in the total charge density. We propose and evaluate a simple improvable scheme to correct the long-range error and find that even in its simple and readily usable form, it is able to reduce the interaction energy errors to less than half on average for hydrogen-bonded dimers.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: In the current posthoc analyses, we evaluated the impact of markers of aberrant data variability on drug placebo separation and placebo and drug response in an acute schizophrenia clinical trial. METHODS: Positive and negative syndrome scale data were obtained from a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial in hospitalized adults with schizophrenia experiencing an acute exacerbation. We assessed the impact of a total of six markers of aberrant data variability: erratic ratings, unusually large postbaseline improvement, high and low mean square successive difference (MSSD), identical and nearly identical ratings and compared the drug placebo difference, drug and treatment response at last visit in affected subjects vs those not affected. All analyses were conducted using generalized linear models. RESULTS: In this posthoc analysis, drug placebo separation decreased with the presence of most markers of aberrant data variability. The only exception was high MSSD was associated with significant increase in the signal. In the affected subjects, the presence of indicators of increased data variability augmented the response to placebo, in the case of large postbaseline change and high MSSD, significantly. The presence of indicators of decreased variability numerically but not statistically decreased the response to placebo. Similar findings were observed in the drug treatment group with the exception of erratic ratings that numerically but not statistically decreased the response to the drug. DISCUSSION: The presence of most indicators of aberrant data variability had a detrimental effect on drug-placebo separation and showed different effects on placebo and treatment response.

• Klíčová slova
• data quality, data variability, drug response, drug–placebo separation, placebo response,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Autologous fat transfer techniques have experienced tremendous boom in the recent years. Plastic surgeons use these techniques to enhance both the features of the face and of the body. Over the years, controversies concerning fat harvesting, fat processing and fat injection came up. The authors of this review article describe their own experience with fat harvesting, processing and injection and show some of their own results. In addition, they discuss contemporary data from literature regarding the use and complications of fat grafting to the most common areas treated with fat grafting: breast and face.

• Klíčová slova
• Fat, augmentation, breast, facial rejuvenation., grafting, lipomodelling, microfat, nanofat, reconstruction,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mamoplastika * metody   MeSH
• obličej MeSH
• prsy * MeSH
• tuková tkáň * transplantace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH