A review on the geographic distribution, vectors and hosts of Bhanja virus (Bunyaviridae) is based on reports about: isolations of the virus; antibody surveys. Bhanja virus has been isolated in 15 countries of Asia, Africa and Europe, and antibodies against it have been detected in 15 additional countries. Vector range includes ticks of the family Ixodidae (subfam. Amblyomminae; not subfam. Ixodinae): 13 species of 6 genera (Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus and Boophilus) yielded the virus. Bhanja virus has only rarely been isolated from vertebrates (Atelerix, Xerus, Ovis, Bos; possibly bats), though antibodies have been detected frequently in a wide range of mammals (Ruminantia being the major hosts), in several species of birds (Passeriformes, Galliformes) and even reptiles (Ophisaurus apodus). Natural foci of the Bhanja virus infections are of the boskematic type (sensu Rosický), associated closely with pastures of domestic ruminants infested by ticks in the regions of tropical, subtropical and partly temperate climatic zones.

• MeSH
• Bunyaviridae imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata imunologie   MeSH
• infekce viry z čeledi Bunyaviridae epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• klíšťata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protilátky virové analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Afrika MeSH
• Asie MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky virové MeSH

Polyploidisation has played an important role in plant diversification, and variation in ploidy level may be found not only between species of the same genus, but also within a single species. Although establishing the adaptive significance of polyploidy to explain the geographic distribution of cytotypes is challenging, the occurrence of different cytotypes in different ecological niches may suggest an adaptive role of genome duplication. We studied the adaptive significance of the geographic distribution of cytotypes across the entire distribution range of the endemic Erysimum mediohispanicum (Brassicaceae). For that, we have used climate variables, population elevation and soil properties to model ecological niches for the different cytotypes. In addition, we analysed the effect that ploidy level has on the floral phenotype. We found a clear geographic pattern in the distribution of cytotypes, with diploid individuals occurring in the southernmost part of the distribution range, while tetraploids were found in the northern area. A contact (mosaic) zone between both cytotypes was identified, but diploids and tetraploids occur in sympatry in only one population (although in a highly unbalanced proportion). Gene flow between different cytotypes seems to be negligible, as evident from an almost complete absence of triploids and other minority cytotypes. Niches occupied by both cytotypes showed subtle, but significant differences, even in the contact zone. Precipitation was higher in regions occupied by tetraploid individuals, which present wider corolla tubes and thinner but taller stalks than diploids. Our findings highlight the potential role of polyploidy in the ecological adaptation of E. mediohispanicum to both abiotic factors and biotic interactions.

• Klíčová slova
• Climate variables, contact zone, ecological adaptation, phenotypic traits, polyploid aggregate,
• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• Erysimum genetika   MeSH
• nadmořská výška MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• polyploidie MeSH
• půda MeSH
• tetraploidie MeSH
• tok genů MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• půda MeSH

BACKGROUND: In anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis, antigen specificity varies between myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3). This has been reported to vary in relation to age, gender, geography and extrarenal manifestations. However, studies are difficult to compare as criteria for inclusion vary. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ANCA serotype, latitude, ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels, age, gender and renal function at diagnosis in a large study with uniform inclusion criteria. METHODS: Patients with biopsy-proven ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis were identified from regional or nationwide registries in 14 centres in Norway, Sweden, the UK, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Italy and the USA during the period 2000-13. UV radiation levels for 2000-13 in Europe were obtained from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. RESULTS: A total of 1408 patients (45.2% PR3-ANCA) were included in the study. In univariable analysis, PR3-ANCA was significantly associated with male gender {odds ratio [OR] 2.12 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71-2.62]}, younger age [OR per year 0.97 (95% CI 0.96-0.98)] and higher glomerular filtration rate [OR per mL/min 1.01 (95% CI 1.01-1.02); P < 0.001] at diagnosis but not with latitude or UV radiation. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, latitude and UV radiation also became significant, with higher odds for PR3-ANCA positivity at northern latitudes/lower UV radiation levels. However, the latitudinal difference in MPO:PR3 ratio is smaller than differences previously reported concerning microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. CONCLUSIONS: The ratio between PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA varies in glomerulonephritis with respect to age, gender, renal function and geographic latitude/UV radiation levels.

• MeSH
• ANCA-asociované vaskulitidy krev   epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• glomerulonefritida krev   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myeloblastin imunologie   MeSH
• peroxidasa imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky proti cytoplazmě neutrofilů imunologie   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• séroskupina MeSH
• specificita protilátek MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Itálie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Norsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Spojené království epidemiologie   MeSH
• Spojené státy americké epidemiologie   MeSH
• Švédsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• myeloblastin MeSH
• peroxidasa MeSH
• protilátky proti cytoplazmě neutrofilů MeSH

Human forensic STRs used for individual identification have been reported to have little power for inter-population analyses. Several methods have been developed which incorporate information on the spatial distribution of individuals to arrive at a description of the arrangement of diversity. We genotyped at 16 forensic STRs a large population sample obtained from many locations in Italy, Greece and Turkey, i.e. three countries crucial to the understanding of discontinuities at the European/Asian junction and the genetic legacy of ancient migrations, but seldom represented together in previous studies. Using spatial PCA on the full dataset, we detected patterns of population affinities in the area. Additionally, we devised objective criteria to reduce the overall complexity into reduced datasets. Independent spatially explicit methods applied to these latter datasets converged in showing that the extraction of information on long- to medium-range geographical trends and structuring from the overall diversity is possible. All analyses returned the picture of a background clinal variation, with regional discontinuities captured by each of the reduced datasets. Several aspects of our results are confirmed on external STR datasets and replicate those of genome-wide SNP typings. High levels of gene flow were inferred within the main continental areas by coalescent simulations. These results are promising from a microevolutionary perspective, in view of the fast pace at which forensic data are being accumulated for many locales. It is foreseeable that this will allow the exploitation of an invaluable genotypic resource, assembled for other (forensic) purposes, to clarify important aspects in the formation of local gene pools.

• MeSH
• genetická variace genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice genetika   MeSH
• modely genetické * MeSH
• populační genetika * MeSH
• soudní genetika * MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Středomoří MeSH

• MeSH
• dermatomykózy epidemiologie   MeSH
• houby klasifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Evropa MeSH

Circadian clocks keep organisms in synchrony with external day-night cycles. The free running period (FRP) of the clock, however, is usually only close to-not exactly-24 h. Here, we explored the geographical variation in the FRP of the linden bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus, in 59 field-lines originating from a wide variety of localities representing geographically different environments. We have identified a remarkable range in the FRPs between field-lines, with the fastest clock at ~21 h and the slowest close to 28 h, a range comparable to the collections of clock mutants in model organisms. Similarly, field-lines differed in the percentage of rhythmic individuals, with a minimum of 13.8% and a maximum of 86.8%. Although the FRP correlates with the latitude and perhaps with the altitude of the locality, the actual function of this FRP diversity is currently unclear. With the recent technological progress of massive parallel sequencing and genome editing, we can expect remarkable progress in elucidating the genetic basis of similar geographic variants in P. apterus or in similar emerging model species of chronobiology.

• Klíčová slova
• Pyrrhocoris apterus, altitude, circadian clock, diapause, geographic distribution, latitude, locomotor activity, period gene, phylogeography, population rhythm,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cirkadiánní hodiny fyziologie   MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• Heteroptera klasifikace   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• Tilia parazitologie   MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Izrael MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between the spatial distribution of the selected medical equipment and the preventable mortality rate in the regions of the Slovak Republic. The main analytical approach is carried out through the cluster analysis based on a Euclidean distance technique in order to get similarity of the administrative divisions in form of a district and a pseudot2 approach aimed at the determination of a number of the districts in a cluster. A number of medical equipment had a rising tendency from the year 2008. The most extreme position according to a localisation distribution of the computed tomographs and the magnetic resonance imaging scanners is held by the Košice IV District at the level of 7.50630. From an angle of view of the preventable mortality, the Piešťany District holds the most extreme position peaking at the level of 10.97969 for the female sex and the Kežmarok District with the value of 9.44088. The study has the significant dissemination outputs for health policy interventions, especially to draw up regional health plans for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging deployment, mainly in locations with a high preventable mortality rate for both sexes.

• Klíčová slova
• cluster analysis, computed tomograph, dendrogram, health policy, heat map, magnetic resonance imaging scanner, medical equipment, preventable mortality, regional disparity, standardised mortality rate,
• MeSH
• distribuční systémy nemocniční statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dlouhodobé zdravotnické vybavení statistika a číselné údaje   zásobování a distribuce   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita * MeSH
• příčina smrti * MeSH
• zeměpis * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

The black grouse is a species whose population development requires constant monitoring due to a rapidly declining trend, especially in Central Europe. Variability in the voices of geographically separated populations can aid in counting within individual populations. This has been investigated with the black grouse. However, the variability of the acoustic behavior of black grouse between populations was investigated for the first time. In total, 82 male black grouse were recorded during the lekking season in four countries: the Czech Republic, Scotland, Finland, and Russia. We analyzed recordings of hissing calls, i.e., the non-vocal signal. DFA analysis correctly classified almost 70% of the recordings. The results indicate a certain degree of difference between the grouse populations from the four countries examined. The mean frequency of hissing calls for populations was 1410.71 ± 170.25 Hz, 1473.89 ± 167.59 Hz, 1544.38 ± 167.60 Hz, and 1826.34 ± 319.23 Hz in the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, and Scotland, respectively. Populations from Scotland and Russia have greater intra-variability compared to grouse from the Czech Republic and Finland, indicating that population density is not the principal factor in the geographical variability of black grouse hissing calls. Range-level differences enhance knowledge and facilitate the assessment of species evolution.

• Klíčová slova
• Lyrurus tetrix, acoustic variability, bioacoustics, conservation,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Czechoslovakia, Demography, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe, Europe, Geographic Factors *, Historical Demography *, Historical Survey *, Population, Social Sciences, Spatial Distribution *,
• MeSH
• demografie * MeSH
• populace MeSH
• sociální vědy MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• zeměpis * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

Individually distinct acoustic signals, produced mainly as tonal and harmonic sounds, have been recorded in many species; however, non-tonal 'noisy' signals have received little attention or have not been studied in detail. The capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) produce complex courtship songs composed of non-tonal noisy signals in four discrete phases. We analyzed recordings from 24 captive male capercaillies in breeding centres in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Germany, and songs from wild males in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Estonia to test whether a non-harmonic song can encode individual-specific information. We also analyzed the intra-population variation of the male song from three separate areas: Carpathian (Polish and Czech Beskid), Sumava, and Boreal (boreal range of species distribution). Temporal and frequency characteristics can reliably distinguish capercaillies at the individual level (91.7%). DFA model testing geographic variation assigned 91% of songs to the correct area (Carpathian, Sumava, Boreal). The cluster analysis revealed that males from the Boreal area formed a distinct cluster. Our analysis shows clear geographical patterns among our study males and may provide a valuable marker for identifying inter-population dynamics and could help to characterize the evolutionary histories of wood grouse. We discuss the potential use of this marker as a non-invasive monitoring tool for captive and free-roaming capercaillies.

• Klíčová slova
• Tetrao, communication, geographic variation, grouse, vocal individuality, vocal signature,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH