MicroRNAs are endogenously expressed regulatory noncoding RNAs. Altered expression levels of several microRNAs have been observed in glioblastomas. Functions and direct mRNA targets for these microRNAs have been relatively well studied over the last years. According to these data, it is now evident, that impairment of microRNA regulatory network is one of the key mechanisms in glioblastoma pathogenesis. MicroRNA deregulation is involved in processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, invasion, glioma stem cell behavior, and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of miRNA functions in glioblastoma with an emphasis on its significance in glioblastoma oncogenic signaling and its potential to serve as a disease biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in oncology.

• MeSH
• glioblastom metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA klasifikace   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikro RNA MeSH

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 3` untranslated regions (3`UTR) of their target mRNAs. MiRs were shown to play pivotal roles in tissue development and function and are also involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. MicroRNA-206, which belongs to the group of so-called "myomiRs", is one of the most studied miRs thus far. In addition to being involved in skeletal muscle development and pathology, it has also been established that it is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer's disease and various types of cancers. The aim of this review is to provide a complex overview of microRNA-206, including regulating its expression, a brief description of its known functions in skeletal muscle and a complex overview of its roles in the biology and pathology of other tissues, emphasizing its significant diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

• Klíčová slova
• Theranostic Marker, microRNA-206,
• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• biologické přípravky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly růst a vývoj   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• nádory patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• srdeční selhání patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• biologické přípravky MeSH
• mikro RNA MeSH
• MIRN206 microRNA, human MeSH Prohlížeč

Quercetin, a flavonoid with multiple proven health benefits to both man and animals, displays a plethora of biological activities, collectively referred to as pleiotropic. The most studied of these are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory but modulation of signalling pathways is important as well. One of the lesser-known and recently discovered roles of quercetin, is modulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression. miRNAs are important posttranscriptional modulators that play a critical role in health and disease and many of these non-coding oligonucleotides are recognized as oncogenic or tumor suppressor miRNAs. This review is an evaluation of the recent relevant literature on the subject, with focus on the ability of quercetin to modulate miRNA expression. It includes a summary of recent knowledge on miRNAs deregulated by quercetin, an overview of quercetin pharmacokinetics and miRNA biogenesis, for the interested reader.

• Klíčová slova
• biogenesis, expression, microRNA, polyphenols,
• MeSH
• exprese genu účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• quercetin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikro RNA MeSH
• quercetin MeSH

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical regulators of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus. It is hypothesised that Tregs' function can be influenced by changes in the expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs). Thus, we performed miRNAs profiling in a population of Tregs separated from peripheral blood of five type 1 diabetic patients and six healthy donors. For more detailed molecular characterisation of Tregs, we additionally compared miRNAs expression profiles of Tregs and conventional T cells. Tregs were isolated according to CD3+, CD4+, CD25(hi)+ and CD127- by flow cytometry, and miRNA expression profiling was performed using TaqMan Array Human MicroRNA Panel-1 (384-well low density array). In Tregs of diabetic patients we found significantly increased expression of miRNA-510 (p=0.05) and decreased expression of both miRNA-342 (p<0.0001) and miRNA-191 (p=0.0079). When comparing Tregs and T cells, we revealed that Tregs had significant higher expression of miRNA-146a and lower expression of eight specific miRNAs (20b, 31, 99a, 100, 125b, 151, 335, and 365). To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating changes in miRNA expression profiles occurring in Tregs of T1D patients and a miRNAs signature of adult Tregs.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu krev   genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů metody   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese * MeSH
• T-lymfocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikro RNA MeSH
• MIRN191 microRNA, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• MIRN342 microRNA, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• MIRN510 microRNA, human MeSH Prohlížeč

BACKGROUND: MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcription level by binding to mRNA. By affecting many physiological processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, they have a major impact on the development of cancer as well as other diseases. Hence, miRNAs could serve as potential tumor biomarkers in e.g. early diagnostics, predicting responses to therapy, monitoring relapse, and molecular classification of tumors. AIM: miRNA detection requires various sophisticated strategies due to the small size, sequence similarity among family members, and often very low levels of miRNAs in analyzed samples. This review describes standard techniques of miRNA detection, such as the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, and next-generation sequencing, and compares several commercially available detection kits. Major emphasis is given to newly developed technologies and methods, which could make the analysis cheaper and quicker. We present, for instance, alternative amplification techniques (isothermal amplification and the hybridization chain reaction), different types of nanomaterials, special proteins used in miRNA analysis, and a number of biosensors utilizing optical or electrochemical detection. CONCLUSION: The importance of miRNA has led to a huge increase in the number of new methods. Most of them, however, have not been tested on clinical material, and thus it is difficult to assess their potential usefulness in routine practice. Their commercial application strongly depends on strict validation with standard techniques using not only model systems, but also clinical samples. Key words: microRNA - gene expression regulation - tumour biomarkers - reverse transcription PCR - biosensors This work was supported by MEYS - NPS I - LO1413 and GAČR 17-08971S. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Accepted: 9. 7. 2018.

• Klíčová slova
• microRNA - gene expression regulation - tumour biomarkers - reverse transcription PCR - biosensors This work was supported by MEYS - NPS I - LO1413 and GA&#268;R 17-08971S. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Accepted: 9. 7. 2018, products,
• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA analýza   MeSH
• mikročipová analýza MeSH
• sekvenční analýza RNA MeSH
• techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikro RNA MeSH

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression in a sequence- specific manner. Post-transcriptional silencing of target genes by miRNA occurs either by specific cleavage of homologous mRNA or by specific inhibition of protein synthesis. MiRNAs are essential regulators of various processes such as proliferation, differentiation, development, cell death and interaction between virus and host cell. AIM: The aim of this paper is to summarize the main findings from research on miRNA biogenesis, functionality and cancer relevance. METHOD: A narrative literature review of all of the relevant papers known to the authors was conducted. RESULTS: Several human diseases including cancer are associated with aberrant regulation of miRNAs expression or deficiency in miRNA biogenesis. Analysis of miRNA expression signatures can serve as a valuable tool for cancer classification, diagnostics and prediction of tumor behavior. CONCLUSIONS: There has been demonstrated a possibility to use these microRNA signatures for a specific cancer classification with potential predictive and therapeutic value. The known data provide evidence that microRNAs may open new ways for cancer diagnosis, prognosis estimation and therapy.

• MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• nádory genetika   MeSH
• viry genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikro RNA MeSH

Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNA molecules regulating gene expression, is often found in tumor cells, making the miRNAs suitable candidates as cancer biomarkers. Electrochemistry is an interesting alternative to current standard methods of miRNA detection by offering cheaper instrumentation and faster assays times. In this paper, we labeled miRNA in a quick, simple, two-step procedure with electroactive complex of osmium(VI) and 2,2'-bipyridine, Os(VI)bipy, which specifically binds to the ribose at the 3'-end of the miRNA, and hybridized such labeled miRNA with biotinylated capture probe attached to the streptavidin magnetic beads. Labeled miRNA was then detected at hanging mercury drop electrode at femtomole level due to an electrocatalytic nature of the peak from the Os(VI)bipy label. We obtained good selectivity of the assay using elevated hybridization temperatures for better discrimination of perfect duplex from single and double mismatches. After optimization of the protocol, we demonstrated feasibility of our assay by detecting target miRNA in real total RNA samples isolated from human cancer cells.

• Klíčová slova
• Electrochemistry, Mercury electrodes, MicroRNA, Mismatch discrimination,
• MeSH
• 2,2'-dipyridyl analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky metody   MeSH
• biotinylace MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky metody   MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• magnetické jevy MeSH
• mikro RNA analýza   MeSH
• organokovové sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• rtuť chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2,2'-dipyridyl MeSH
• mikro RNA MeSH
• organokovové sloučeniny MeSH
• osmium tetroxide-2,2'-bipyridine MeSH Prohlížeč
• rtuť MeSH

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Understanding of gene expression dynamics could bring new approaches in diagnostics and therapy of stroke. Small noncoding molecules termed "microRNA" represent the most flexible network of gene expression regulators. METHOD: The aim of this review was to briefly describe the structure and function of microRNA and summarize the current knowledge about the involvement of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke based on both experimental and clinical studies. RESULTS: Numerous profiling studies identified candidate microRNAs and partially described dynamics of their expression after the stroke. However, complex associations of specific microRNAs expression with main clinical characteristics and deeper insight into mechanisms of their regulatory functions are still missing. In this review, we put special emphasis on several microRNA clusters involved in neuroprotection (miR-124, miR-181, miR-21, miR-29, miR-210 and let7). Potential application of microRNAs as biomarkers and diagnostic or therapeutic targets was also discussed. CONCLUSION: Full understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the microRNA networks represents a novel direction for stroke research. To date, we do not have effective tools to control pathophysiological processes associated with stroke. Thus the microRNAs have to be considered as a very promising target for future stroke therapies.

• Klíčová slova
• Central nervous system, embolectomies, hemorrgahic stroke, ischemic stroke, microRNA, thrombolysis,
• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda genetika   MeSH
• ischemie mozku genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• mikro RNA MeSH

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to compare expressions of 6 microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAC) and non-cancer patients, moreover according to the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Expressions of miRNA-192, -196, -200, -21, -30 and -423 were measured in 77 patients with PAC and 64 non-cancer patients (34 patients with type 2 DM and 30 control persons). 60 patients with PAC (78%) had DM or prediabetes and it was of new-onset (less than 2 years before the cancer diagnosis) in 44 out of them. RESULTS: The expressions of all microRNAs were 1.4-3.7 times higher (significantly) in the PAC group compared to non-cancer patients. No difference was found between PAC diabetic and PAC non-diabetic patients. MicroRNA-200 was significantly higher in PAC patients with significant body weight loss against those without weight loss. Adding miRNA-196 and -200 to the current marker CA 19-9 improved the discriminative ability of the test (compared to CA 19-9 alone). CONCLUSION: MicroRNA-196 and -200 could be used as additional markers in PAC diagnosis.

• Klíčová slova
• Biomarker, CA 19-9, Pancreatic cancer, miRNA,
• MeSH
• antigen CA-19-9 analýza   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• duktální karcinom pankreatu komplikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin analýza   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
• komplikace diabetu * MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní komplikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• prediabetes genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen CA-19-9 MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• mikro RNA MeSH
• MIRN196 microRNA, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• MIRN200 microRNA, human MeSH Prohlížeč

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive intracranial tumor characterized with infaust prognosis. Despite advances in neurosurgical and radiotherapeutic techniques and chemotherapy, the median overall survival ranges between 12-15 months from diagnosis. The main cause of treatment failure is considered the presence of tumor cells resistant to conventional therapy, mainly radiotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and have been repeatedly proven to play important roles in pathogenesis and biological features of many cancers, including GBM and its radioresistant phenotype. In our study, we established radioresistant cells from the commonly used human GBM cell lines T98G, U87MG and U251. Consequently, we performed global miRNA expression profiling in both radioresistant and parental cell lines and identified 113 miRNAs with significantly different expression (p<0.05) between these two groups (73 miRNAs were up-regulated, 40 miRNAs were down-regulated). Some of these miRNAs have been previously described in relation to ionizing radiation, and others were herein identified for the first time. We believe that after deeper functional investigation of identified miRNAs in relation to radioresistance, these miRNAs present potential predictive biomarkers or therapeutic targets in GBM.

• Klíčová slova
• Glioblastoma, microRNA, radioresistance,
• MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• glioblastom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory mozku genetika   patologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů * MeSH
• sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• tolerance záření genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikro RNA MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH