Process-engineering
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Networks of random-assembled gold clusters produced in the gas phase show resistive switching (RS) activity at room temperature and they are suitable for the fabrication of devices for neuromorphic data processing and classification. Fully connected cluster-assembled nanostructured Au films are characterized by a granular structure rich of interfaces, grain boundaries and crystalline defects. Here we report a systematic characterization of the electroforming process of the cluster-assembled films demonstrating how this process affects the interplay between the nano- and mesoscale film structure and the neuromorphic characteristics of the resistive switching activity. The understanding and the control of the influence of the resistive switching forming process on the organization of specific structures at different scales of the cluster-assembled films, provide the possibility to engineer random-assembled neuromorphic architectures for data processing task.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Globally, industrialisation and urbanisation have led to the generation of hazardous waste (HW). Sustainable hazardous waste management (HWM) is the need of the hour for a safe, clean, and eco-friendly environment and public health. The prominent waste management strategies should be aligned with circular economic models considering the economy, environment, and efficiency. This review critically discusses HW generation and sustainable management with the strategies of prevention, reduction, recycling, waste-to-energy, advanced treatment technology, and proper disposal. In this regard, the major HW policies, legislations, and international conventions related to HWM are summarised. The global generation and composition of hazardous industrial, household, and e-waste are analysed, along with their environmental and health impacts. The paper critically discusses recently adapted management strategies, waste-to-energy conversion techniques, treatment technologies, and their suitability, advantages, and limitations. A roadmap for future research focused on the components of the circular economy model is proposed, and the waste management challenges are discussed. This review stems to give a holistic and broader picture of global waste generation (from many sources), its effects on public health and the environment, and the need for a sustainable HWM approach towards the circular economy. The in-depth analysis presented in this work will help build cost-effective and eco-sustainable HWM projects.
- Klíčová slova
- E-waste, Environmental remediation, Industrial waste, Integrated treatment, Recycling, Sustainability, Waste treatment technologies, Waste-to-energy,
- MeSH
- nakládání s odpady * metody MeSH
- nebezpečný odpad MeSH
- postup MeSH
- recyklace MeSH
- řízení bezpečnosti MeSH
- tuhý odpad MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- nebezpečný odpad MeSH
- tuhý odpad MeSH
Open source paradigm is becoming widely accepted in scientific communities and open source hardware is finding its steady place in chemistry research. In this review article, we provide the reader with the most up-to-date information on open source hardware and software resources enabling the construction and utilization of an "open source capillary electrophoresis instrument". While CE is still underused as a separation technique, it offers unique flexibility, low-cost, and high efficiency and is particularly suitable for open source instrumental development. We overview the major parts of CE instruments, such as high voltage power supplies, detectors, data acquisition systems, and CE software resources with emphasis on availability of the open source information on the web and in the scientific literature. This review is the first of its kind, revealing accessible blueprints of most parts from which a fully functional open source CE system can be built. By collecting the extensive information on open source capillary electrophoresis in this review article, the authors aim at facilitating the dissemination of knowledge on CE within and outside the scientific community, fosters innovation and inspire other researchers to improve the shared CE blueprints.
- Klíčová slova
- Capillary electrophoresis, Open source hardware, Open source software, Review,
- MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- elektronika přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- software MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Industrial process tomography offers two key advantages over conventional sensing systems. Firstly, process tomography systems provide information about 2D or 3D distributions of the variables of interest. Secondly, tomography looks inside the processes without penetrating them physically, i.e., sensing is possible despite harsh process conditions, and the operation of the process is not disturbed by intrusive sensors. These advantages open new perspectives for the field of process control, and the potential of closed-loop control applications is one of the main driving forces behind the development of industrial tomography. Despite these advantages and decades of development, closed-loop control applications of tomography are still not really common. This article provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field of control systems with tomographic sensors. An attempt is made to classify the different control approaches, critically assess their strengths and weak points, and outline which directions may lead to increased future utilization of industrial tomography in the closed-loop feedback control.
- MeSH
- genetické inženýrství MeSH
- imunita MeSH
- imunoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stárnutí imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Viable microbial cells are important biocatalysts in the production of fine chemicals and biofuels, in environmental applications and also in emerging applications such as biosensors or medicine. Their increasing significance is driven mainly by the intensive development of high performance recombinant strains supplying multienzyme cascade reaction pathways, and by advances in preservation of the native state and stability of whole-cell biocatalysts throughout their application. In many cases, the stability and performance of whole-cell biocatalysts can be highly improved by controlled immobilization techniques. This review summarizes the current progress in the development of immobilized whole-cell biocatalysts, the immobilization methods as well as in the bioreaction engineering aspects and economical aspects of their biocatalytic applications.
- Klíčová slova
- Biocatalysis, Immobilization methods, Immobilized whole-cell biocatalyst, Multienzyme cascade reactions, Process economics, Reaction engineering,
- MeSH
- bioinženýrství * MeSH
- biokatalýza * MeSH
- bioreaktory * MeSH
- imobilizované buňky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
With recent advances in novel gene-editing tools such as RNAi, ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9, the possibility of altering microalgae toward designed properties for various application is becoming a reality. Alteration of microalgae genomes can modify metabolic pathways to give elevated yields in lipids, biomass, and other components. The potential of such genetically optimized microalgae can give a "domino effect" in further providing optimization leverages down the supply chain, in aspects such as cultivation, processing, system design, process integration, and revolutionary products. However, the current level of understanding the functional information of various microalgae gene sequences is still primitive and insufficient as microalgae genome sequences are long and complex. From this perspective, this work proposes to link up this knowledge gap between microalgae genetic information and optimized bioproducts using Artificial Intelligence (AI). With the recent acceleration of AI research, large and complex data from microalgae research can be properly analyzed by combining the cutting-edge of both fields. In this work, the most suitable class of AI algorithms (such as active learning, semi-supervised learning, and meta-learning) are discussed for different cases of microalgae applications. This work concisely reviews the current state of the research milestones and highlight some of the state-of-art that has been carried out, providing insightful future pathways. The utilization of AI algorithms in microalgae cultivation, system optimization, and other aspects of the supply chain is also discussed. This work opens the pathway to a digitalized future for microalgae research and applications.
- Klíčová slova
- Artificial intelligence, Genetic engineering, Microalgae, Process integration, Process optimization, System design,
- MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- editace genu MeSH
- mikrořasy * genetika MeSH
- sekvence CRISPR MeSH
- umělá inteligence MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This article briefly describes our program Jamsek written in FORTRAN for an ICL 2950/10 computer. Jamsek combines statistical and stereochemical rules most frequently encountered in literature to predict protein secondary structure from its sequence, into a single algorithm. The composite algorithm does not work better than the best existing single algorithms of Garnier et al. (J. Mol. Biol., 120, 97-120, 1978) or Lim (J. Mol. Biol., 88, 873-894, 1974) if percentage of residues with a correctly predicted secondary structure is taken as a criterion. However, it is fairly reliable in predicting the total amount of alpha-helices and beta-sheets in proteins, the secondary structure of highly ordered proteins or their parts and identification of long alpha-helices. It surpasses the previous algorithms by providing a possibility to make a notion about confidence of the prediction of the particular secondary structure elements thanks to the simultaneous availability of four independent predictions of the secondary structure and other relevant data (hydrophobic profile and helical wheel representation). The main body of this article is devoted to a demonstration that output data of Jamsek can simply be used for the prediction of protein topological class, identification of globular proteins containing hydrophobic alpha-helices and, as an auxiliary means, to distinguish between protein coding and non-coding nucleotide sequences.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- chemické jevy MeSH
- chemie MeSH
- konformace proteinů * MeSH
- matematické výpočty počítačové * MeSH
- proteiny klasifikace MeSH
- software * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- proteiny MeSH
Visualization of electrical activity in living cells represents an important challenge in context of basic neurophysiological studies. Here we report a new voltage sensitive fluorescent indicator which response could be detected by fluorescence monitoring in a single red channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fluorescent protein-based voltage sensor which uses insertion-into-circular permutant topology to provide an efficient interaction between sensitive and reporter domains. Its fluorescent core originates from red fluorescent protein (FP) FusionRed, which has optimal spectral characteristics to be used in whole body imaging techniques. Indicators using the same domain topology could become a new perspective for the FP-based voltage sensors that are traditionally based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET).
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky metody MeSH
- červený fluorescenční protein MeSH
- elektrofyziologické jevy MeSH
- fluorescenční barviva metabolismus MeSH
- HEK293 buňky MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- luminescentní proteiny chemie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- proteinové domény MeSH
- proteinové inženýrství metody MeSH
- rezonanční přenos fluorescenční energie metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fluorescenční barviva MeSH
- luminescentní proteiny MeSH
The program MAPOS is a logically oriented computer program for computer-aided organic synthesis design suitable both for forward and retrosynthetic synthesis planning. It is based on the synthon model of organic chemistry, introduced by the authors. The fundamentals of the model as well as the basic algorithms are described. Examples of the use of the program are given.
