AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the hospitalization trends in children aged 0-6 suffering from bacterial pneumonia in the years 2007-2011 in Poland. METHODS: The data pertained to the hospitalized patients diagnosed with the diseases registered as J13-J15 according to ICD-10. RESULTS: In the years 2007-2011, the hospitalization rate increased from 16.3/10,000 to 44.1/10,000 for boys and from 13.8/10,000 to 33.0/10,000 for girls. The most frequently hospitalized children were between 1 and 2 years of age (90.6/10,000 for boys and 58.0/10,000 for girls in 2011). The average length of stay (LOS) of the investigated children fell from 10.1 days in 2007 to 8.2 days in 2011. The longest stays were recorded for the youngest children, under 2 years of age (from almost 11 days in 2007 to around 9 days in 2011). CONCLUSION: Bacterial pneumonia is a serious problem of public health and especially babies are at high risk of this disease. Given the effects of vaccinations against Streptococcus pneumoniae conducted all over the world and to a limited extend in Poland as well, further steps towards vaccinating children against pneumococci should be taken in Poland.

• Klíčová slova
• children, epidemiology, hospitalization, pneumonia, vaccination,
• MeSH
• bakteriální pneumonie epidemiologie   MeSH
• délka pobytu statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dítě hospitalizované statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hospitalizace trendy   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Research shows the elevated risk of suicide associated with current or recent inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. However, it is unclear whether this applies in the area of post-communist Central and Eastern Europe where mental health care has not been deinstitutionalized yet. The present study aims to examine the rates of suicides among psychiatric patients during and shortly after discharge from inpatient hospitalization in the Czech Republic. METHODS: All inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations and all suicides committed between 2008 and 2012 have been merged on an individual data basis. The time horizon between the admission and two months after the discharge from inpatient psychiatric facility was utilized and multiple logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds of committing suicide. RESULTS: A total of 137,290 inpatients were hospitalized in Czech psychiatric facilities between 2008 and 2012, and 402 of the inpatients committed suicide during the hospitalization or within the 2 months after the discharge. Highly elevated risks of suicides were found to be associated with being a male, having a history of multiple hospitalizations, and having a diagnosis of affective, anxiety, or personality disorder. LIMITATIONS: Limitations are related to the design of the study, and its reliance on routinely collected data. Also, it was not possible to assess the odds of suicide associated with inpatient psychiatric hospitalization against the odds of suicide in general population. CONCLUSIONS: During psychiatric treatment and recovery, suicial behavior and idealiation is increased. In psychiatry, hospitalization may be a risky period for suicide behavior. Suicide rates during and soon after the psychiatric hospitalization identified in this study from Central and Eastern Europe are similar to the findings from Western Europe. Preventive strategies should be tailored accordingly.

• Klíčová slova
• Case control study, Central and Eastern Europe, Psychiatric hospitalization, Suicide,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy mortalita   MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pacienti hospitalizovaní MeSH
• poruchy nálady mortalita   MeSH
• poruchy osobnosti mortalita   MeSH
• propuštění pacienta MeSH
• psychiatrické oddělení nemocnice MeSH
• sebevražda psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sebevražedné myšlenky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• ústavy pro duševně nemocné MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy mortalita   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Since 2011, the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) has used active surveillance to prospectively collect epidemiological and virological data on patients hospitalized with influenza virus infection. Here, we describe influenza virus strain circulation in the GIHSN participant countries during 2017-2018 season and examine factors associated with complicated hospitalization among patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed influenza illness. METHODS: The study enrolled patients who were hospitalized in a GIHSN hospital in the previous 48 h with acute respiratory symptoms and who had symptoms consistent with influenza within the 7 days before admission. Enrolled patients were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to confirm influenza virus infection. "Complicated hospitalization" was defined as a need for mechanical ventilation, admission to an intensive care unit, or in-hospital death. In each of four age strata (< 15, 15-< 50, 50-< 65, and ≥ 65 years), factors associated with complicated hospitalization in influenza-positive patients were identified by mixed effects logistic regression and those associated with length of hospital stay using a linear mixed-effects regression model. RESULTS: The study included 12,803 hospitalized patients at 14 coordinating sites in 13 countries, of which 4306 (34%) tested positive for influenza. Influenza viruses B/Yamagata, A/H3N2, and A/H1N1pdm09 strains dominated and cocirculated, although the dominant strains varied between sites. Complicated hospitalization occurred in 10.6% of influenza-positive patients. Factors associated with complicated hospitalization in influenza-positive patients included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (15-< 50 years and ≥ 65 years), diabetes (15-< 50 years), male sex (50-< 65 years), hospitalization during the last 12 months (50-< 65 years), and current smoking (≥65 years). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (50-< 65 years), other chronic conditions (15-< 50 years), influenza A (50-< 65 years), and hospitalization during the last 12 months (< 15 years) were associated with a longer hospital stay. The proportion of patients with complicated influenza did not differ between influenza A and B. CONCLUSIONS: Complicated hospitalizations occurred in over 10% of patients hospitalized with influenza virus infection. Factors commonly associated with complicated or longer hospitalization differed by age group but commonly included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and hospitalization during the last 12 months.

• Klíčová slova
• Epidemiology, Hospitalization, Influenza, Mortality, Risk factors,
• MeSH
• Betainfluenzavirus genetika   MeSH
• chřipka lidská epidemiologie   mortalita   virologie   MeSH
• délka pobytu MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace * MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• umělé dýchání MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H1N1 genetika   MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H3N2 genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• COMMUNICABLE DISEASES *, HOSPITALS *,
• MeSH
• hospitalizace * MeSH
• infekční nemoci * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocnice * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Hospitalization is associated with acute changes in sarcopenia status in older people, but the influencing factors are not fully understood. Pre-admission care dependency level as a risk factor has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate if pre-admission care dependency level is an independent predictor of sarcopenia changes following hospitalization. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Data came from the Sarcopenia 9+ EAMA Project, a European prospective multi-centre study. For this study, 227 hospitalised older people were included from four different hospitals in Belgium, Spain and Poland, between 18 February 2019 and 5 September 2020. METHODS: Sarcopenia status at admission and discharge were calculated using a combined score (desirability value) based on muscle mass (calf circumference), strength (grip) and function (walking speed). Ratio of admission to discharge status was the outcome (desirability ratio; 1.00 meaning no difference). Predictor variable was the pre-admission care dependency level, classified into three groups: independent older people living at home, dependent older people living at home and older people living in a care home. Linear regression models were applied, considering potential confounders. RESULTS: Mean desirability ratio for dependent older people living at home ('middle dependent group') was lower (0.89) compared to independent older people (0.98; regression coefficient -0.09 [95% CI -0.16, -0.02]) and care home patients (1.05; -0.16 [95% CI -0.01, -0.31]). Adjusting for potential confounders or using another statistical approach did not affect the main results. CONCLUSION: Dependent older people living at home were at higher risk of deterioration in sarcopenia status following hospitalization. In-depth studies investigating causes and potential interventions of these findings are needed.

• Klíčová slova
• acute sarcopenia, care dependency, care home, hospitalization, older people,
• MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• sarkopenie * diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• síla ruky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Age is a risk factor for organ damage, adverse events, and mortality in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). However, the relationship between treatment and damage, hospitalizations, and causes of death in elderly patients is largely unknown. METHODS: Consecutive patients from Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Czech Republic diagnosed between 1997 and 2013 were included. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of MPA or GPA and age 75 years or more at diagnosis. Treatment with cyclophosphamide (CYC), rituximab (RTX), and corticosteroids the first 3 months was registered. Outcomes up to 2 years from diagnosis included Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI), hospitalization, and cause of death. RESULTS: Treatment data were available for 167 of 202 patients. At 2 years, 4% had no items of damage. There was a positive association between VDI score at 2 years and Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score at onset, and a negative association with treatment using CYC or RTX. Intravenous methylprednisolone dose was associated with treatment-related damage. During the first year, 69% of patients were readmitted to hospital. Myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity and lower creatinine levels decreased the odds of readmission. The most common cause of death was infection, and this was associated with cumulative oral prednisolone dose. CONCLUSION: Immunosuppressive treatment with CYC or RTX in elderly patients with MPA and GPA was associated with development of less permanent organ damage and was not associated with hospitalization. However, higher doses of corticosteroids during the first 3 months was associated with treatment-related damage and fatal infections.

• Klíčová slova
• ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS, GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS, HOSPITALIZATION, MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS,
• MeSH
• granulomatóza s polyangiitidou * komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopická polyangiitida * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• peroxidasa MeSH
• protilátky proti cytoplazmě neutrofilů MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• peroxidasa MeSH
• protilátky proti cytoplazmě neutrofilů MeSH

The aim of this investigation was to describe the use of hospital services among the Finnish working-age population aged 15 to 64 years on account of pneumonia. The study was based on nationwide hospital discharge records maintained by the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health. Pneumonia caused 63,414 periods of hospital treatment and a total of 568,861 hospitalization days among working-age people in Finland from 1984 to 1993. The mean annual age-specific rate of pneumonia-related hospital treatment periods per 1000 persons among men was 2.67 (SD 0.17) and among women 1.10 (SD 0.08). The men had more treatment periods than the women in every 5-year age group, the greatest difference being in the youngest age groups and in the oldest ones. In men the mean annual rate of treatment periods increased rapidly after the age of 40 years (from 1.54 per 1000 persons in age group 40-45 years to 7.86 per 1000 in age group 60-64 years). In women the increase in corresponding age groups was more moderate (from 0.77 to 3.19). The increasing number of pneumonia-related hospital treatment periods after the age of 40 is facing the challenge for the occupational health care in the future.

• MeSH
• délka pobytu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pneumonie epidemiologie   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• zdravotnické služby statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Finsko epidemiologie   MeSH

The prognosis of a hospitalized patient for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is poor. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the prognosis for patients entering hospital for the first time on account of COPD in ten years. Data were gathered from the hospital treatment records maintained by the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health in Finland on periods spent in hospital by persons over 44 years of age with a principal diagnosis of COPD over the interval 1972-1994. Two groups of patients were then distinguished separately those first treated in 1980-1984 and those first treated in 1990-1994, and mortality data sought for these persons in the records of Statistics Finland up to the end of 1998. A total of 11,739 men and 3,048 women were found to have been admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of COPD for the first time in the period 1980-1984. The corresponding figures for the interval 1990-1994 were 8,941 men and 3,628 women. The Cox regression model standardized for age showed mortality to have increased in ten years among both the men [Hazard Ratio 1.093 (95% CI 1.055 - 1.133)] and the women [HR 1.138 (95% CI 1.061 - 1.221)]. This worsening of the prognosis was most pronounced in the age group 45-64 years, where the men had an HR of 1.145 (95% CI 1.060 - 1.236) and the women of 1.412 (95% CI 1.208 - 1.650). The prognosis for men and younger women in particular entering hospital for the first time for COPD deteriorated significantly over a period of ten years. This may partly be attributed to the increased frequency of diagnosis and treatment of COPD in outpatient departments and to the reduction in rehabilitation. The apparent more rapid worsening of the prognosis for women relative to men can largely be attributed to their increased smoking.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• chorobopisy MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc mortalita   MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita v nemocnicích trendy   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Finsko epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Weak muscle strength has been associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Yet, whether individuals with weaker muscle strength are more at risk for hospitalization due to severe COVID-19 is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the independent association between muscle strength and COVID-19 hospitalization. METHODS: Data from adults 50 years of age or older were analysed using logistic models adjusted for several chronic conditions, body-mass index, age, and sex. Hand-grip strength was repeatedly measured between 2004 and 2017 using a handheld dynamometer. COVID-19 hospitalization during the lockdown was self-reported in summer 2020 and was used as an indicator of COVID-19 severity. RESULTS: The study was based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and included 3600 older adults (68.8 ± 8.8 years, 2044 female), among whom 316 were tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (8.8%), and 83 (2.3%) were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Results showed that higher grip strength was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 hospitalization [adjusted odds ratio (OR) per increase of 1 standard deviation in grip strength = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.45-0.87, P = 0.015]. Results also showed that age (OR for a 10 -year period = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.32-2.20, P < 0.001) and obesity (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.00-3.69, P = 0.025) were associated with higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Sensitivity analyses using different measurements of grip strength as well as robustness analyses based on rare-events logistic regression and a different sample of participants (i.e. COVID-19 patients) were consistent with the main results. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle strength is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity in adults 50 years of age or older.

• Klíčová slova
• Coronavirus disease 2019, Hospitalization, Muscle strength, Physical fitness, Risk factors, Sarcopenia,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• svalová síla MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

• MeSH
• amfetamin moč   MeSH
• barbituráty moč   MeSH
• chromatografie na tenké vrstvě MeSH
• chromatografie plynová MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• psychotické poruchy moč   MeSH
• ústavy pro duševně nemocné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amfetamin MeSH
• barbituráty MeSH