Achyrocline satureioides is a South American herb used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments. The healing and antimicrobial effects of this plant have already been covered by many studies, which have confirmed its beneficial effects on human health. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of A. satureioides hydroalcoholic extract against Escherichia coli ATCC10536, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228 and Lactobacillus acidophilus INCQS00076 was determined. The cytotoxicity of the extract was tested on human HaCaT keratinocytes showing very favourable effects on the proliferation and renewal of keratinocytes. According to the results of the HPLC and GC-MS analyses, the lyophilized extract contained only a minimal amount of fragrance allergens. The extract was then used in two cosmetic formulations, and one of them showed a significant synergistic interaction with other cosmetic components. We suggest the use of A.satureioides hydroalcoholic extract as a suitable antimicrobial component of natural origin for cosmetic preparations as a substitute for commonly used preservatives that can cause skin irritation and as a material with its own biological activity.

• Klíčová slova
• Achyrocline satureioides, HaCaT, antimicrobial, cosmetic emulsion, cytotoxicity, flavonoids, fragrance allergens, hydroalcoholic extract, natural bioactive compounds,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Diabetic nephropathy, characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, poses a management challenge. This study investigates the effect of Polygonum hyrcanicum extract on diabetic nephropathy in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. In this experimental animal study, the P. hyrcanicum extract was prepared using continuous macerations. Thirty male Albino mice, divided into five groups, were induced with alloxan-induced diabetes. They received intraperitoneal injections of the plant extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and metformin (300 mg/kg) for four weeks. Kidney and blood samples were collected to assess protein carbonyl, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. The amount of total flavonoid and phenolic content in the hydroalcoholic extract of P. hyrcanicum were 7.5 ± 0.3 mg of quercetin and 88.2 ± 1.3 mg gallic acid per gram of extract respectively. The antioxidant activity level of the hydroalcoholic extract was determined to be 1.78 ± 0.51 mM equivalent per gram of extract. Alloxan administration resulted in a significant reduction in glutathione levels and a significant increase in protein carbonyl, lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Hydroalcoholic extract of P. hyrcanicum effectively reduced oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), indicating its potential in mitigating diabetic nephropathy. However, no significant difference in efficacy was observed between the 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses in terms of reducing these toxicities.

• Klíčová slova
• Polygonum hyrcanicum, Alloxan, Diabetes, Nephropathy, Oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• alloxan MeSH
• antioxidancia * farmakologie   MeSH
• diabetické nefropatie * farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• experimentální diabetes mellitus * farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-6 metabolismus   krev   MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oxidační stres * účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• Polygonum * chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alloxan MeSH
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH

The fungus Amanita muscaria is universally recognizable for its iconic appearance; it is also widely regarded as poisonous, inedible, and even deadly. In spite of that, there have been documented cases of use of A. muscaria-containing preparations against various diseases, including cancer, to no apparent ill effect. The search for compounds that can be used to treat cancer among various plants and fungi has been intensifying in recent years. In light of this, we describe an HPLC HILIC analytical method for the evaluation of the content of the anticancer compound ergosterol (ERG) and the neuroactive alkaloids ibotenic acid (IBO) and muscimol (MUS) that contribute significantly to the unpleasant physiological syndrome associated with A. muscaria consumption. A 'homemade' A. muscaria tincture made using 80-proof rye vodka as the solvent, an A. muscaria extract made with a standardized water-ethanol solution as the solvent, and fractions obtained from the second extract via liquid-liquid extraction with nonpolar solvents were analyzed. The study also presents the results of capillary zone electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection and UHPLC-MS/MS analyses of the IBO and MUS content of the two native A. muscaria extracts and an evaluation of the standardized extract's cytotoxic effect against a small panel of lung cell cultures in vitro. Our results show that the standardized extract has a significant cytotoxic effect and does not contain the compounds of interest in any significant quantity.

• Klíčová slova
• Amanita muscaria, HPLC, alkaloids, cancer, capillary electrophoresis, cytotoxicity, fungi, mass spectrometry,
• MeSH
• Amanita MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• kyselina ibotenová analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muscimol farmakologie   MeSH
• nádory * MeSH
• plíce chemie   MeSH
• protinádorové látky * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina ibotenová MeSH
• muscimol MeSH
• protinádorové látky * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH

• Publikační typ
• tisková chyba MeSH

Members of Hymenochaetaceae fungi are among well-known macromycetes with various medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological activities of Phellinus tuberculosus and Fuscoporia ferruginosa collected in Iran. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the two species were examined, and their phenolic and polysaccharide contents were quantified. Compounds were characterized by HPLC-DAD chromatography and LC-ESI-MS/MS spectroscopy. According to our results, the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of P. tuberculosus extracts were stronger than F. ferruginosa. Also, the effect of hydroalcoholic extracts was higher than the aqueous extract. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to all extracts, especially Streptococcus mutans with a MIC of 0.7 mg/mL and MBC of 6.25 mg/mL. HPLC-DAD analyses detected gallic acid, caffeic acid, and syringic acid in both fungi. The LC-ESI-MS/MS confirmed the detected compounds in HPLC-DAD and showed the presence of several phenolic compounds such as phellifuropyranone, phelligridin, and hispidin, besides others. This study showed that F. ferruginosa and P. tuberculosus are potent medicinal fungi with antibacterial and antioxidant properties, with no toxic effect on normal HDF cells, and possess various bioactive compounds including styrylpyrone-type phenols with well-known bioactivities.

• Klíčová slova
• Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Fuscoporia ferruginosa, Hispidin, Phelligridin C, Phellinus tuberculosus,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia * chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• Basidiomycota * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• Phellinus chemie   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Írán MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• antioxidancia * MeSH

Buxus sp. is an important native and ornamental tree in Europe threatened by a serious invasive pest Cydalima perspectalis. The larvae of this moth are able to defoliate box trees and cause their death. The development of novel biopesticides targeting this pest might help protect Buxus trees grown wildly or in city parks. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea strain CCM 8367 against C. perspectalis. The last-instar larvae of the box tree moth were treated by the suspension of fungus conidia at concentrations ranging from 1 × 104 to 1 × 108 spores per 1 mL. Fungus infection was observed mostly in pupae, but the maximum mortality did not exceed 60%, indicating a very low susceptibility of C. perspectalis to I. fumosorosea. Furthermore, a number of ungerminated fungal conidia were found on larval cuticles using a low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Our data also reveal that the hydroalcoholic extract from B. sempervirens leaves significantly inhibits both the germination of I. fumosorosea conidia and fungus growth. It can be speculated that the strain CCM 8367 of I. fumosorosea is not a potent biocontrol agent against C. perspectalis and low virulence of the fungus might be due to the accumulation of host plant phytochemicals having antimicrobial activity in larval cuticle of the pest.

• Klíčová slova
• Buxus, alkaloids, antimicrobial activity, entomopathogenic fungi, invasive pests, virulence,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH