WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: This is a summary of a paper published in a medical journal that describes the results of a study called CheckMate 274. This study looked at a new treatment for muscle-invasive urothelial cancer, a type of cancer found in the urinary tract that has spread from the inner lining of the urinary tract or bladder and into the surrounding muscle wall where it can then spread to other parts of the body. The standard treatment for muscle-invasive urothelial cancer is surgery to remove affected parts of the urinary tract. However, cancer returns in more than half of people after this surgery. Adjuvant therapy is given to people after surgery with muscle-invasive urothelial cancer with a goal to reduce the risk of the cancer coming back; however, at the time this study started, there was no standard adjuvant treatment. WHAT HAPPENED IN THE STUDY?: In the CheckMate 274 study, researchers compared nivolumab with a placebo as an adjuvant treatment for people with muscle-invasive urothelial cancer. The aim of the study was to understand how well nivolumab worked to reduce the chance of the cancer returning after surgery. The study also looked at what side effects (unwanted or unexpected results or conditions that are possibly related to the use of a medication) people had with treatment. WHAT DO THE RESULTS MEAN?: The results showed that people who received nivolumab versus placebo: Survived longer before the cancer was detected again, including people who had programmed death ligand-1 (shortened to PD-L1) on their cancer cells. Survived longer before a secondary cancer outside of the urinary tract was detected. Experienced no differences in health-related quality of life (the impact of the treatment on a person's mental and physical health). Had similar side effects to the people who received nivolumab in other studies. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02632409 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark

Bristol Myers Squibb Princeton NJ USA

Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Urology Technical University Munich Munich Germany

Federal State Budget Institution NN Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation St Petersburg Russia

Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai China

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK

Hospital de Amor de Barretos Pio XII Foundation Barretos Brazil

Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Seville Spain

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA

Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health IM Sechenov 1st Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia

Medical University of Vienna Vienna General Hospital Vienna Austria

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece

Nectarie Oncology Center Craiova Romania

Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan

Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands

Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel

Ramon y Cajal University Hospital Madrid Spain

Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul South Korea

St Vincent's University Hospital and Cancer Trials Ireland Dublin Ireland

Subdivision of Urology Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center Wroclaw Poland

University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Chapel Hill NC USA

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA

Urology Department Hôpital Foch Université Paris Saclay Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines Versailles France

Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA

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ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02632409