Background/Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of curative (chemo)radiotherapy in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma and to identify prognostic factors influencing treatment outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 173 consecutive patients, treated with definitive or postoperative (chemo)radiotherapy from 2002 to 2020 [median age 60 years; current/former smokers 95%; UICC stage III/IV 96%]. Radiation therapy was preceded by a radical resection of a primary tumor in 32% of patients. One hundred patients received chemotherapy. Results: The median total dose of radiotherapy achieved was 70 Gy. The five- and ten-year locoregional controls were 63%, and the five- and ten-year distant controls were 77% and 76%, respectively. The five- and ten-year overall survival rates were 24% and 9%, respectively. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the limited effectiveness of curative (chemo)radiotherapy in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma with long-term locoregional and distant control of half of the treated patients. The multivariate analysis indicated that initial surgery, chemotherapy, comorbidity score (as assessed by ACE-27), pretreatment tracheostomy, hemoglobin level and initial response to treatment were the strongest prognostic factors in predicting survival. Using these factors, corresponding predictive models were constructed.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- rozhovory MeSH
Heterogeneous cancers that lack strong driver mutations with high penetrance, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), present unique challenges to understanding their aetiology due to the complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors. The interplay between lifestyle factors (such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, or alcohol consumption), the oral and gut microbiome, and host genetics appears particularly important in the context of HNSCC. The complex interplay between the gut microbiota and cancer treatment outcomes has also received increasing attention in recent years. This review article describes the bidirectional communication between the host and the oral/gut microbiome, focusing on microbiome-derived metabolites and their impact on systemic immune responses and the modulation of the tumour microenvironment. In addition, we review the role of host lifestyle factors in shaping the composition of the oral/gut microbiota and its impact on cancer progression and therapy. Overall, this review highlights the rationality of considering the oral/gut microbiota as a critical determinant of cancer therapy outcomes and points to therapeutic opportunities offered by targeting the oral/gut microbiota in the management of HNSCC.
- MeSH
- dlaždicobuněčné karcinomy hlavy a krku * mikrobiologie patologie imunologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí * imunologie MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku * imunologie mikrobiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * imunologie MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- dostupnost zdravotnických služeb MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- lékařská onkologie MeSH
- onkologická péče - zařízení * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Thrombosis and bleeding are commonly observed in cancer patients, and their management is crucial for positive patient outcomes. A comprehensive, prophylactic, and therapeutic management of venous thrombosis should focus on identifying the patients who would benefit most from treatment to reduce mortality and minimize the risk of thrombosis recurrence without significantly increasing the risk of bleeding. Existing cancer scales provide valuable information for assessing the overall burden of cancer and guiding treatment decisions, but their ability to predict thrombotic and bleeding events remains limited. With increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology of cancer and the availability of advanced anticancer therapies, new risk factors for cancer-associated thrombosis and bleeding are being identified. In this report, we analyze the current literature and identify new risk factors for venous thrombosis and bleeding which are not included in routinely used risk scores. While some existing cancer scales partially capture the risk of thrombosis and bleeding, there is a need for more specific and accurate scales tailored to these complications. The development of such scales could improve risk stratification, aid in treatment selection, and enhance patient care. Therefore, further research and development of novel cancer scales focused on thrombosis and bleeding are warranted to optimize patient management and outcomes.
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- krvácení chemicky indukované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * farmakoterapie MeSH
- trombóza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- žilní trombóza * etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Pozitivita receptoru 2 pro lidský epidermální růstový faktor (human epidermal qrowth factor receptor 2, HER2) je přítomna zhruba u 15 % pacientek s karcinomem prsu. Jedná se o biomarker, který je spojen s agresivnější formou tohoto onemocnění. Nicméně dynamický rozvoj cílené terapie proti HER2 značně ovlivnil prognózu těchto pacientek; k dispozici jsou monoklonální protilátky, konjugáty a tyrosinkinázové inhibitory. Všechny tyto přípravky jsou používány v klinické praxi od časných stadií karcinomu prsu až po pokročilá onemocnění. V naší kazuistice se zaměříme na časný HER2 pozitivní karcinom prsu a možné použití neratinibu v této indikaci.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity is present in approximately 15% of breast cancer patients. This biomarker is associated with a more aggressive form of the disease. However, the development of targeted therapies against HER2 has significantly influenced the prognosis of these patients. Monoclonal antibodies, conjugates, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are all available for targeted therapy. These agents are used in clinical practice for both early stages of breast cancer and advanced disease. In our case report, we focus on early HER2-positive breast cancer and the potential use of neratinib in this indication.
- Klíčová slova
- HER2 pozitivní karcinom prsu, neratinib,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- indukce remise MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prsu * chirurgie farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové léčby MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- tyrosinkinasové receptory antagonisté a inhibitory účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Mammaprint,
- MeSH
- genetické testování * MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prsu * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- nádory závislé na hormonech diagnóza genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
