OBJECTIVE: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an ANCA-associated vasculitis. The 2022 ACR/EULAR-endorsed classification criteria for GPA was derived using data only from adult patients. We aimed to assess the performance of the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for GPA in paediatric patients and compare it with the EULAR/Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO)/Pediatric Rheumatology European Society (PReS)-endorsed Ankara 2008 criteria for GPA. METHODS: Retrospective data of paediatric patients with GPA in 20 centres from 9 countries were evaluated. The diagnosis of GPA was made according to the expert opinion. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the criteria sets were evaluated. RESULTS: The study included 77 patients with GPA and 108 controls [IgA vasculitis (n = 44), Takayasu's arteritis (n = 20), microscopic polyangiitis (n = 16), polyarteritis nodosa (n = 14), Behçet's disease (n = 12), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (n = 1) and Cogan's syndrome (n = 1)] with a median age of 17.8 and 15.2 years, respectively. Among patients with GPA, constitutional symptoms (85.7%) and ENT involvement (79.2%) were the most common presentations. In the GPA group, 73 patients fulfilled the Ankara 2008 criteria and 69 the ACR/EULAR classification criteria. Sensitivities of the Ankara 2008 criteria and the ACR/EULAR classification criteria were 94.8% and 89.6%, while specificities were 95.3% and 96.3%, respectively. No significant difference was found between sensitivities and specificities of both classification criteria (P = 0.229 and P = 0.733, respectively). CONCLUSION: In children, both the ACR/EULAR and EULAR/PRINTO/PReS Ankara 2008 classification criteria for GPA perform well and similarly.
- MeSH
- Behcetův syndrom klasifikace diagnóza MeSH
- Churgův-Straussové syndrom diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- granulomatóza s polyangiitidou * klasifikace diagnóza MeSH
- IgA vaskulitida diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopická polyangiitida klasifikace diagnóza MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- polyarteritis nodosa klasifikace diagnóza MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- revmatologie normy MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita * MeSH
- Takayasuova arteriitida * klasifikace diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
BACKGROUND: Nephritis is a common manifestation of IgA vasculitis and is morphologically indistinguishable from IgA nephropathy. While MEST-C scores are predictive of kidney outcomes in IgA nephropathy, their value in IgA vasculitis nephritis has not been investigated in large multiethnic cohorts. METHODS: Biopsies from 262 children and 99 adults with IgA vasculitis nephritis ( N =361) from 23 centers in North America, Europe, and Asia were independently scored by three pathologists. MEST-C scores were assessed for correlation with eGFR/proteinuria at biopsy. Because most patients ( N =309, 86%) received immunosuppression, risk factors for outcomes were evaluated in this group using latent class mixed models to identify classes of eGFR trajectories over a median follow-up of 2.7 years (interquartile range, 1.2-5.1). Clinical and histologic parameters associated with each class were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS: M, E, T, and C scores were correlated with either eGFR or proteinuria at biopsy. Two classes were identified by latent class mixed model, one with initial improvement in eGFR followed by a late decline (class 1, N =91) and another with stable eGFR (class 2, N =218). Class 1 was associated with a higher risk of an established kidney outcome (time to ≥30% decline in eGFR or kidney failure; hazard ratio, 5.84; 95% confidence interval, 2.37 to 14.4). Among MEST-C scores, only E1 was associated with class 1 by multivariable analysis. Other factors associated with class 1 were age 18 years and younger, male sex, lower eGFR at biopsy, and extrarenal noncutaneous disease. Fibrous crescents without active changes were associated with class 2. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney outcome in patients with biopsied IgA vasculitis nephritis treated with immunosuppression was determined by clinical risk factors and endocapillary hypercellularity (E1) and fibrous crescents, which are features that are not part of the International Study of Diseases of Children classification.
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnoty glomerulární filtrace MeSH
- IgA nefropatie * komplikace farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- IgA vaskulitida * komplikace farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- ledviny patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nefritida * komplikace MeSH
- proteinurie etiologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Přehledná část článku je věnována diferenciální diagnostice artralgií a artritid s důrazem na infekční etiologii. Jsou shrnuty základní přístupy k diagnostice artritid u dětských revmatických onemocnění v ambulanci dětské revmatologie a také možnosti, jak k tomuto postupu mohou přispět praktičtí lékaři pro děti a dorost (PLDD). Přinášíme kazuistiky dětských pacientů s artritidou provázející revmatická onemocnění. Artritida může být prvním projevem juvenilní idiopatické artritidy (JIA), systémového lupus erythematodes (SLE), IgA vaskulitidy a mnoha dalších revmatických nemocí, nebo se vyvine v jejich průběhu. Časná diagnóza je klíčem k úspěšné léčbě.
An article is focused on differential diagnosis of arthralgias and arthritides with stress on infectious etiology. We review basic attitudes in diagnostics of pediatric rheumatic diseases and how general practitioners might contribute. Case reports of children with arthritis as a symptom of pediatric rheumatic diseases are described. The arthritis might be the first symptom of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), IgA vasculitis and many other rheumatic diseases, or it develops during the disease course. An early diagnosis is a clue to successful therapy.
- MeSH
- artralgie * etiologie MeSH
- artritida * farmakoterapie klasifikace patofyziologie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- IgA vaskulitida diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- infekční artritida etiologie farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- juvenilní artritida diagnóza farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nefritida při lupus erythematodes diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- systémový lupus erythematodes farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Vaskulitidy představují heterogenní skupinu onemocnění různorodé etiologie primárně postihující zánětlivým procesem cévní stěnu, který vede k uzávěru cévního lumen. V důsledku ischemie tkáně zásobené postiženou cévou vznikají klinické stavy s častými kožními projevy. Vaskulitidy mohou být systémové, či postihující pouze jeden orgán, mohou být primárně kožní, nebo kožní postižení se rozvíjí sekundárně, např. u vaskulitid doprovázející systémová onemocnění pojiva. Základní klasifikace představuje anatomicko-patologické dělení dle kalibru postižené cévy zahrnující arterie, vény, kapiláry či postkapilární venuly. Rozlišujeme vaskulitidy velkých cév, které představují aortu a její kmenové větve, vaskulitidy středních cév představují cévy svalové, podkožní a hlubší dermis. Vaskulitidy malých cév postihující kůži se obecně označují jako leukocytoklastické vaskulitidy a postihují cévy střední a papilární části dermis. Jedním z nejčastějších kožních projevů vaskulitid je palpovatelná purpura, která může být přítomna u vaskulitid malých i středních cév. Vzhledem k rozmanitému klinickému obrazu je nutné klást důraz na mezioborovou spolupráci. Autor uvádí současný stav klasifikace vaskulitid a stručný popis jednotlivých klinických jednotek.
Vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of diseases of various etiologies. The inflammatory process primarily affects the vessel wall, which leads to the occlusion of vascular lumen. As a result of ischemia of the tissue supplied by the affected vessel, clinical conditions with frequent skin lesions arise. Vasculitis may be systemic or affect only one organ. It may be primarily cutaneous, or the skin condition develops secondarily, e.g. due to vasculitis associated with systemic connective tissue disease. The basic classification represents the anatomical pathological differentiaton according to the size of the affected vessel, including arteries, veins, capillaries or postcapillary venules. We distinguish vasculitides of large vessels, representing the aorta and its stem branches, vasculitides of middle vessels represented by vessels in muscles, subcutaneous tissue and deeper dermis. Small vessels vasculitis affecting the skin is generally referred to as leukocytoclastic vasculitis and affects the vessels of the middle and papillary parts of the dermis. One of the most common cutaneous manifestations of vasculitis is palpable purpura, which may be manifestation of small and medium vessel vasculitis. Due to the diverse clinical picture interdisciplinary approach is necessary. The author presents the current state of classification of vasculitides and a brief description of individual vasculitic diseases.
- MeSH
- ANCA-asociované vaskulitidy patologie MeSH
- IgA vaskulitida patologie MeSH
- Kawasakiho syndrom patologie MeSH
- kožní cévní nemoci patologie MeSH
- kožní leukocytoklastická vaskulitida patologie MeSH
- kožní manifestace MeSH
- obrovskobuněčná arteritida patologie MeSH
- polyarteritis nodosa patologie MeSH
- Takayasuova arteriitida patologie MeSH
- vaskulitida klasifikace komplikace MeSH
- MeSH
- artralgie diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- IgA vaskulitida MeSH
- juvenilní artritida diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- Kawasakiho syndrom diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- muskuloskeletální nemoci * diagnóza klasifikace terapie MeSH
- systémový lupus erythematodes MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- edém etiologie MeSH
- IgA vaskulitida * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that undergo reversible precipitation at cold temperatures. Monoclonal type-I cryoglobulinaemia is the least frequent and is associated to hematological diseases such as multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphoma. We describe the case of a 60-year-old female patient, who suffered from burning pain in her feet for ten months before her admission. The patient presented intermittent distal cyanosis that progressed to digital ischaemia. She also reported paresthesia in her hands, difficulty in writing, and a 26-kg-weight loss. At the physical examination, it was identified livedo reticularis, palpable purpura, and painful ecchymotic lesions in her calves and feet. Moreover, peripheral pulses were palpable and symmetrical. It was observed an atrophy of the right first dorsal interosseous and both extensor digitorum brevis, as well as a distal bilateral apalesthesia and allodynia. Both Achilles reflexes were absent. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, high erythrosedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal IgG-Kappa gammopathy. The results also evidenced the presence of Bence-Jones proteinuria. The bone marrow biopsy revealed less than 10% of plasma cells, and skin biopsy informed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient was treated with high-dose intravenous steroids and cyclophosphamide. The treatment showed that the skin lesions had improved, pain disappeared and motor deficit stopped its progression.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- IgA vaskulitida * MeSH
- kožní leukocytoklastická vaskulitida * MeSH
- kryoglobulinemie * komplikace diagnóza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom * MeSH
- monoklonální gamapatie nejasného významu * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVES: IgA vasculitis (IgAV, formerly known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura) is the most common cause of systemic vasculitis in childhood. To date, there are no internationally agreed, evidence-based guidelines concerning the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of IgAV in children. Accordingly, treatment regimens differ widely. The European initiative SHARE (Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe) aims to optimize care for children with rheumatic diseases. The aim therefore was to provide internationally agreed consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment for children with IgAV. METHODS: Recommendations were developed by a consensus process in accordance with the EULAR standard operating procedures. An extensive systematic literature review was performed, and evidence-based recommendations were extrapolated from the included papers. These were evaluated by a panel of 16 international experts via online surveys and subsequent consensus meeting, using nominal group technique. Recommendations were accepted when ⩾80% of experts agreed. RESULTS: In total, 7 recommendations for diagnosis and 19 for treatment of paediatric IgAV were accepted. Diagnostic recommendations included: appropriate use of skin and renal biopsy, renal work-up and imaging. Treatment recommendations included: the importance of appropriate analgesia and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use and non-renal indications for CS use, as well as a structured approach to treating IgAV nephritis, including appropriate use of CS and second-line agents in mild, moderate and severe disease along with use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and maintenance therapy. CONCLUSION: The SHARE initiative provides international, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of IgAV that will facilitate improvement and uniformity of care.
- MeSH
- analgezie metody MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gastrointestinální nemoci diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- glukokortikoidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- IgA nefropatie diagnóza farmakoterapie etiologie patologie MeSH
- IgA vaskulitida komplikace diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin A analýza MeSH
- inhibitory ACE terapeutické užití MeSH
- kůže patologie MeSH
- ledviny patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- medicína založená na důkazech metody MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- konsensus - konference MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
BACKGROUND: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic disorder characterized by leukocytoclastic vasculitis involving the capillaries and by the deposition of IgA immune complexes. An association between HSP and atypical bacteria is uncommon in children. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here we report three cases of children, aged 5, 4 and 16 years, who were diagnosed with HSP associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. In all presented cases, persistent cutaneous manifestations and abdominal pain were resistant to antibiotics and corticosteroids, but resolved during 48 h after the introduction of dapsone. No adverse effects of treatment were observed. CONCLUSION: Dapsone, a sulphone with an anti-inflammatory activity, showed remarkable therapeutic efficacy against rash and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with HSP. Its administration should be considered particularly in persistent cutaneous form of HSP.
- MeSH
- bakteriální nemoci kůže farmakoterapie MeSH
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae MeSH
- dapson terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gastrointestinální nemoci farmakoterapie MeSH
- IgA vaskulitida komplikace MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Chlamydophila komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae MeSH
- mykoplazmová pneumonie komplikace MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH