Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection in immunocompetent patients, whereas in immunocompromised, it may be systemic and disseminated infection associated with high mortality. Mucormycosis is one of the most rapidly progressing and fulminant forms of fungal infections; Mucor circinelloides is rarely isolated species, also from immunocompromised patients. The reported case of mucormycosis after a traffic accident indicates that it may be the result of a contamination of wound by M. circinelloides coming from the environment. The fungal strain was identified by phenotypic methods and confirmed by molecular methods. Etest method was used for susceptibility testing of the fungal strain. No mycotoxins were detected in the analyzed sample. The infection was successfully treated with amphotericin B, but amputation of the lower limb was necessary.
- MeSH
- amputace MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie MeSH
- diskové difúzní antimikrobiální testy MeSH
- dolní končetina patologie MeSH
- dopravní nehody * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Mucor genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mukormykóza diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Popri najčastejšie vyhodnocovaných posmrtných zmenách zistených pri obhliadke tiel sa sporadicky vyskytujú aj prípady, pri ktorých je možné vyhodnocovať aj menej často sa vyskytujúce nálezy. Medzi takéto patrí napríklad aj pomnoženie plesní. Znalosť pliesní ako aj ich vlastností by mohli prispieť k potvrdeniu respektíve vyvráteniu informácii zistených počas policajného vyšetrovania. V kazuistike autori popisujú intrakardiálne pomnoženie húb rodu Mucor u muža, ktorý bol len 10 dní nezvestný.
Determination of time of death belongs to the most difficult and also the most important issues for the medical examiners, especially those who deal with violent death. Besides the most frequently evaluated postmortal changes it is sometimes possible to perform the evaluation on the basis of less frequently observed findings. One of such findings is for example the fungal multiplication on the body or in the very close vicinity. Knowledge of moulds as well as information about their speed of growth should contribute to confirmation or negation of some information gained during police investigation. In this case report authors describe the macroscopically visible fungal intracardiac multiplication in heart chambers and aorta in an almost totally carbonised body which was missing for only ten days. Based on the molecular examination it was detected that the body belonged to the 64-year-old man who was repeatedly hospitalised in psychiatry for depression with suicidal tendencies. The last hospitalisation was six weeks before death and there was no organic disability. The cause of fire was a naked flame. The cause of death was burn injury or asphyxia. The almost total carbonisation did not allow to perform toxicological investigation. By histological investigation we found the presence of wide long non-septate moulds growing in the heart muscle, which belonged to the order Mucor. Since there was no obvious inflammatory response, we suppose their growth started on the congealed blood after death.
- Klíčová slova
- forenzní mykologie, čas smrti,
- MeSH
- časové faktory * MeSH
- endokard patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Mucor * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- pitva MeSH
- příčina smrti MeSH
- soudní vědy * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Plants and fungi use light and other signals to regulate development, growth, and metabolism. The fruiting bodies of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus are single cells that react to environmental cues, including light, but the mechanisms are largely unknown [1]. The related fungus Mucor circinelloides is an opportunistic human pathogen that changes its mode of growth upon receipt of signals from the environment to facilitate pathogenesis [2]. Understanding how these organisms respond to environmental cues should provide insights into the mechanisms of sensory perception and signal transduction by a single eukaryotic cell, and their role in pathogenesis. We sequenced the genomes of P. blakesleeanus and M. circinelloides and show that they have been shaped by an extensive genome duplication or, most likely, a whole-genome duplication (WGD), which is rarely observed in fungi [3-6]. We show that the genome duplication has expanded gene families, including those involved in signal transduction, and that duplicated genes have specialized, as evidenced by differences in their regulation by light. The transcriptional response to light varies with the developmental stage and is still observed in a photoreceptor mutant of P. blakesleeanus. A phototropic mutant of P. blakesleeanus with a heterozygous mutation in the photoreceptor gene madA demonstrates that photosensor dosage is important for the magnitude of signal transduction. We conclude that the genome duplication provided the means to improve signal transduction for enhanced perception of environmental signals. Our results will help to understand the role of genome dynamics in the evolution of sensory perception in eukaryotes.
- MeSH
- duplikace genu * MeSH
- genetická transkripce účinky záření MeSH
- genom fungální * MeSH
- molekulární evoluce * MeSH
- Mucor genetika účinky záření MeSH
- multigenová rodina MeSH
- percepce MeSH
- Phycomyces genetika účinky záření MeSH
- signální transdukce genetika MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The production of phytase and associated feed enzymes (phosphatase, xylanase, CMCase, alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase) was determined in a thermotolerant fungus Mucor indicus MTCC 6333, isolated from composting soil. Solid-substrate culturing on wheat bran and optimizing other culture conditions (C and N sources, level of N, temperature, pH, culture age, inoculum level), increased the yield of phytase from 266 +/- 0.2 to 513 +/- 0.4 nkat/g substrate dry mass. The culture extract also contained 112, 194, 171, 396, and 333 nkat/g substrate of phosphatase, xylanase, CMCase, beta-glucosidase and alpha-amylase activities, respectively. Simple 2-step purification employing anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography resulted in 21.9-fold purified phytase. The optimum pH and temperature were pH 6.0 and 70 degrees C, respectively. The phytase was thermostable under acidic conditions, showing 82% residual activity after exposure to 60 degrees C at pH 3.0 and 5.0 for 2 h, and displayed broad substrate specificity. The Km was 200 nmol/L and v(lim) of 113 nmol/s per mg protein with dodecasodium phytate as substrate. In vitro feed trial with feed enzyme resulted in the release of 1.68 g inorganic P/kg of feed after 6 h of incubation at 37 degrees C.
- MeSH
- 6-fytasa chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- alfa-amylasy metabolismus MeSH
- buněčná stěna metabolismus MeSH
- celulasa metabolismus MeSH
- endo-1,4-beta-xylanasy metabolismus MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- gelová chromatografie MeSH
- hydrolasy metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- Mucor enzymologie izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- potravní vláknina mikrobiologie MeSH
- průmyslová mikrobiologie MeSH
- stabilita enzymů MeSH
- substrátová specifita MeSH
- teplota MeSH
V uvedené kazuistice autoři popisují akutní renální insuficienci, která se vyvinula u těžce popáleného pacienta v průběhu léčby septického stavu, způsobeného plísní Mucor spp., pravděpodobně v důsledku podání intravenózních imunoglobulinů, popř. jejich kombinací s Amfotericinem B. Dále v práci popisují mechanismy postižení ledvin při léčbě uvedenými preparáty a shrnují možnosti, jak lze snížit výskyt těchto nežádoucích účinků.
Severely burned patient developed a septic state during the in-hospital treatment; the causative agent was identified as Mucor spp. During the therapy with intravenous immunoglobulines, possibly in combination with amphotericine B, the patient developed an acute renal failure. In the paper there are reviewed the mechanisms of renal impairment during the treatment with drugs outlined above, and the protective measures targeted against those adverse effects.
- MeSH
- akutní poškození ledvin diagnóza chemicky indukované terapie MeSH
- amfotericin B terapeutické užití MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Mucor izolace a purifikace účinky léků MeSH
- popálení komplikace patologie terapie MeSH
- sepse komplikace mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
The effect of volatile and gaseous metabolites released by germinating seeds of lentil cultivars more and less susceptible to fusariosis on the germination of spores of Mucor racemosus, Trichoderma viride, Verticillium dahliae and Botrytis cinerea was found to depend rather on the fungal genus than on the lentil cultivar. However, spores of Fusarium oxysporum reacted more sensitively during germination to the presence of exudates of both cultivars, when the more susceptible lentil displayed a stimulation, the less susceptible one an inhibition of spore germination. The greatest difference in the effect of exudates was observed in the more and less susceptible maize cultivars with respect to the germination of chlamydospores of Ustilago maydis, especially during the first hours of seed germination. Analysis of the exudates of germinating seeds showed the release of a greater amount of ethanol and methanol with acetaldehyde by the more susceptible cultivars of lentil and particularly maize.
- MeSH
- ethanol metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Fabaceae metabolismus MeSH
- Fusarium patogenita MeSH
- kukuřice setá metabolismus MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * MeSH
- methanol metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- mitosporické houby fyziologie MeSH
- Mucor fyziologie MeSH
- mykózy etiologie MeSH
- nemoci rostlin MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- semena rostlinná metabolismus MeSH
- spory hub fyziologie MeSH
- Trichoderma fyziologie MeSH
- volatilizace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Differences in the effect of volatile and gaseous metabolites of germinating pea seeds on the germination of spores of Mucor racemosus and macroconidia of Fusarium oxysporum are described. Germination of spores of M. racemosus was inhibited by seed metabolites whereas germination of macroconidia of F. oxysporum was stimulated during the first two days and inhibition occurred only after further two days of germination of the seeds. A pronounced inhibition of germination of spores of both micromycetes took place due to absorption of CO2 from volatile and gaseous metabolites. Absorption of some components of seed metabolites in a KMnO4 solution led to a decrease of the inhibitory effect on germination of spores of M. racemosus and stimulatory effect on germination of macroconidia of F. oxysporum.
- MeSH
- absorpce MeSH
- chemická deprese MeSH
- Fabaceae metabolismus MeSH
- Fusarium fyziologie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * MeSH
- Mucor fyziologie MeSH
- oxid uhličitý metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- semena rostlinná metabolismus MeSH
- spory hub fyziologie MeSH
- volatilizace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- aflatoxiny izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- analýza potravin metody normy MeSH
- Aspergillus flavus izolace a purifikace patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- houby * izolace a purifikace patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Mucor izolace a purifikace patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- mykotoxiny * izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- ochratoxiny izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- Penicillium izolace a purifikace patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- potravinářská technologie ekonomika metody trendy MeSH
- potravinářský průmysl dějiny metody organizace a řízení MeSH
- potraviny a nápoje * analýza mikrobiologie využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
