UNLABELLED: Infection control measures to prevent viral and bacterial infection spread are critical to maintaining a healthy environment. Pathogens such as viruses and pyogenic bacteria can cause infectious complications. Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are known to spread through the aerosol route and on fomite surfaces, lasting for a prolonged time in the environment. Developing technologies to mitigate the spread of pathogens through airborne routes and on surfaces is critical, especially for patients at high risk for infectious complications. Multifunctional coatings with a broad capacity to bind pathogens that result in inactivation can disrupt infectious spread through aerosol and inanimate surface spread. This study uses C-POLAR, a proprietary cationic, polyamine, organic polymer with a charged, dielectric property coated onto air filtration material and textiles. Using both SARS-CoV-2 live viral particles and bovine coronavirus models, C-POLAR-treated material shows a dramatic 2-log reduction in circulating viral inoculum. This reduction is consistent in a static room model, indicating simple airflow through a static C-POLAR hanging can capture significant airborne particles. Finally, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are applied to C-POLAR textiles using a viability indicator to demonstrate eradication on fomite surfaces. These data suggest that a cationic polymer surface can capture and eradicate human pathogens, potentially interrupting the infectious spread for a more resilient environment. IMPORTANCE: Infection control is critical for maintaining a healthy home, work, and hospital environment. We test a cationic polymer capable of capturing and eradicating viral and bacterial pathogens by applying the polymer to the air filtration material and textiles. The data suggest that the simple addition of cationic material can result in the improvement of an infectious resilient environment against viral and bacterial pathogens.
- MeSH
- aerosoly MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Coronavirus bovis účinky léků MeSH
- COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- fomity mikrobiologie virologie MeSH
- gramnegativní bakterie účinky léků MeSH
- kationty * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymery * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 * účinky léků MeSH
- skot MeSH
- textilie mikrobiologie virologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic dictates that anti-contagion strategies should become matters of essential routine in everyday life. Fomite transference is one of the routes of transmission that has been considered for this virus. However, the risks associated with contaminated surfaces of food packaging kept in refrigerators have not yet been adequately assessed. In this study, a surrogate virus, Alphacoronavirus 1, was used to investigate the persistence of coronavirus dried on a plastic carrier at 4 °C. Techniques of wet wiping, with or without disinfectant saturation, were employed to evaluate their effectiveness in the elimination of the virus. If not wiped, the loss of infectivity of the virus on plastic surfaces was, on average, 0.93 log10 (i.e. 83%) per day of storage at 4 °C. Wiping with water-saturated material reduced the initial virus titre on the plastic carrier by 2.4 log10 (99.6%); the same results were achieved through wiping with bactericidal wipes containing ethanol. Wipes saturated with a combination of disinfectant agents (didecyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide) decreased the virus titre still more efficiently, by 3.8 log10 (99.98%) and also significantly prevented further transfer of the virus to a secondary surface through wiping. Thus SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential via contaminated plastic packaging and food may be efficiently eliminated by wet-wiping, especially when wipes saturated with specific disinfectants are used.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- Betacoronavirus MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin * MeSH
- chlazení * MeSH
- Coronavirus MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- dezinfekce metody MeSH
- dezinficiencia MeSH
- ethanol MeSH
- fomity virologie MeSH
- koronavirové infekce epidemiologie prevence a kontrola virologie MeSH
- kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obaly potravin * MeSH
- pandemie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- peroxid vodíku MeSH
- plastické hmoty * MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- skladování potravin metody MeSH
- virová pneumonie epidemiologie prevence a kontrola virologie MeSH
- voda MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Background: Massilia virus (MASV) is a phlebovirus isolated from Phlebotomus perniciosus in various regions of southwestern Europe. It is closely related to human pathogens such as Toscana virus and sandfly fever Naples virus. The natural cycle of phleboviruses is poorly understood. Indeed, experimental studies demonstrate that transovarial and sexual transmission are not efficient enough for the maintenance of the virus in nature and to date there is no convincing evidence that a species of vertebrates is the reservoir of the virus. Here, we studied various transmission routes of MASV taking advantage of experimental colonies representing different species of sand flies. Methodology/Principal findings: In P. perniciosus, four sources of infection were compared: (i) Virus-seeded larval food to the first instar larvae (L1), or (ii) to the fourth instar larvae (L4), (iii) virus-seeded blood meal to adult females, and (iv) virus-seeded sugar meal to adults of both sexes. From 875 adults emerged from infected L1 and L4, only three were positive. In females infected by bloodmeal the infection rate was high before defecation, then it decreased drastically; MASV RNA was detected in only 5 out of 27 post-defecation. Surprisingly, the most efficient route of infection was observed after intake of virus-seeded sugar meal: 72% of females (79/110) and 52% of males (51/99) were found to be MASV RNA-positive. In addition, MASV-infected sandflies regurgitated virus particules into the sugar drop and MASV RNA was detectable in this drop for at least 24 h after regurgitation. MASV RNA was detected in about one third of the P. perniciosus exposed to this sugar drop contaminated by regurgitation. Sugar meal infection was also tested with six other species of sand flies. In males, there were no significant differences in infection rates when compared to P. perniciosus. In females, most species tested showed high infection rate at the beginning but then significant gradual decrease in infection rate during the experiment. Conclusions/Significance: We present the first description of arboviral infection of a dipteran vector using sugar meal. In all seven sand fly species tested, MASV was detected for two weeks post-infection. Our results showed that MASV can be transmitted between P. perniciosus either through co-feeding or via an infected sugar source such as plant sap. These newly described routes of horizontal transmission may play an important role in the circulation of phleboviruses in nature.
- MeSH
- cukry MeSH
- fomity virologie MeSH
- hmyz - vektory fyziologie virologie MeSH
- horečka pappataci přenos MeSH
- jídla MeSH
- kontaminace potravin * MeSH
- Phlebovirus růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Psychodidae fyziologie virologie MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc * klasifikace mortalita terapie MeSH
- chronická hepatitida * klasifikace mortalita terapie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza * MeSH
- divoká zvířata MeSH
- fomity * MeSH
- hepatitida E * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie farmakoterapie mortalita prevence a kontrola přenos MeSH
- hlášení nemocí * MeSH
- hospitalizace * MeSH
- incidence * MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza MeSH
- kontaminace potravin MeSH
- krevní transfuze * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ribavirin * terapeutické užití MeSH
- rozvojové země * MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie * MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- transaminasy * krev MeSH
- transplantace * MeSH
- zdroje nemoci * MeSH
- znečištění vody MeSH
- zoonózy * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- epidemie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- fomity MeSH
- hlášení nemocí statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- pemfigus * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- přenos infekce ze zdravotnického pracovníka na pacienta MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola přenos MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- tabulky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- bavlněné vlákno MeSH
- Coxiella burnetii * imunologie izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- epidemie MeSH
- fomity mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekční nemoci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání MeSH
- Q-horečka * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- textilní průmysl MeSH
- zdroje nemoci * MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
