V článku ponúkame prehľad vplyvu folátu a kyseliny listovej na etiológiu vybraných ochorení, ako aj súčasný stav fortifikácie potravín na Slovensku a v krajinách s najväčším podielom produkcie fortifikovaných potravín. Folát a jeho syntentizovaná forma kyselina listová sú dôležitou zložkou zdravej, vyváženej stravy. Folát má významnú úlohu pri metabolizme buniek, syntéze DNA, RNA a proteínov. Príjem folátu je dôležitý z hľadiska profylaxie niektorých ochorení. Významnú úlohu zastáva v limitovaní prevalencie vrodených deformít neurálnej trubice, hyperhomocysteínémii, niektorých typov rakoviny či zmiernení prejavov Alzheimerovej choroby. Suplementácia nedostatku príjmu folátu v strave je zabezpečovaná fortifikáciou potravín.
In the article we offer an overview of the influence of folate and folic acid on the aetiology of selected diseases, as well as the current state of food fortification in Slovakia and countries with the largest share of fortified food production. Folate and its synthesized form of folic acid are an important component of a healthy, balanced diet. Folate plays an important role in cell metabolism, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. Folate intake is important for the prophylaxis of some diseases. It plays an important role in limiting the prevalence of congenital neural tube deformities, hyperhomocysteinaemia, certain types of cancer or in alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Supplementation of folate intake deficiency in the diet is ensured by food fortification.
INTRODUCTION: Oral manifestations of deficiency of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid are thought to be common. Prevalence of these deficiencies among patients with compatible symptoms is not well known. The goal of this study was to summarize evidence from a dental practice of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency in patients presenting with compatible oral manifestations. METHODS: 250 patients who presented with burning mouth syndrome, angular cheilitis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, papillar atrophy of the tongue dorsum or mucosal erythema were identified. Patients underwent clinical examination, and the blood samples were taken. RESULTS: 250 patients (208 females; 42 males, mean age 44.1 years) with at least one corresponding symptom or sign were identified. The nutritional deficiency of one or more nutrients was found in 119 patients (47.6%). Seven times more females than males were noted to have one type of deficiency (104 females, 15 males). Iron deficiency as defined was diagnosed in 62 patients (24.8%), vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency in 44 patients (17.6%) and both deficiencies (iron + vitamin B12/folic acid) in 13 patients (5.2%). The only predictive factor was gender and only for iron deficiency. The presence of more than one deficiency was noted in 10 patients (4.9%). CONCLUSION: The most commonly observed deficiency in dental practice over the course of 11 years was an iron deficiency in the female population. Age, diet and reported co-morbidities did not show statistically significant predictable value in recognizing these deficiencies.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kyselina listová krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek kyseliny listové * MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu B12 * MeSH
- nemoci úst * MeSH
- podvýživa MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- vitamin B 12 krev MeSH
- vzorové postupy ve stomatologii statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- železo * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- karenční nemoci * etiologie komplikace terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek kyseliny listové komplikace terapie MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu B12 komplikace terapie MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu B6 komplikace terapie MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu E komplikace terapie MeSH
- nemoci míchy * chemicky indukované etiologie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek komplikace MeSH
- poruchy způsobené alkoholem MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Increased levels of plasma cysteine are associated with obesity and metabolic disturbances. Our recent genetic analyses in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) revealed a mutated Folr1 (folate receptor 1) as the quantitative trait gene associated with diminished renal Folr1 expression, lower plasma folate levels, hypercysteinemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and metabolic disturbances. To further analyse the effects of the Folr1 gene expression on folate metabolism, we used mass spectrometry to quantify folate profiles in the plasma and liver of an SHR-1 congenic strain, with wild type Folr1 allele on the SHR genetic background, and compared them with the SHR strain. In the plasma, concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5mTHF) was significantly higher in SHR-1 congenic rats compared to SHR (60+/-6 vs. 42+/-2 nmol/l, P<0.01) and 5mTHF monoglutamate was the predominant form in both strains (>99 % of total folate). In the liver, SHR-1 congenic rats showed a significantly increased level of 5mTHF and decreased concentrations of dihydrofolate (DHF), tetrahydrofolate (THF) and formyl-THF when compared to the SHR strain. We also analysed the extent of folate glutamylation in the liver. Compared with the SHR strain, congenic wild-type Folr1 rats had significantly higher levels of 5mTHF monoglutamate. On the other hand, 5mTHF penta- and hexaglutamates were significantly higher in SHR when compared to SHR-1 rats. This inverse relationship of rat hepatic folate polyglutamate chain length and folate sufficiency was also true for other folate species. These results strongly indicate that the whole body homeostasis of folates is substantially impaired in SHR rats compared to the SHR-1 congenic strain and might be contributing to the associated metabolic disturbances observed in our previous studies.
V předloženém článku se autoři zabývají současnými možnostmi diagnostiky, klasifikace a léčby nejběžnějších typů anémií. Snahou je odlišit stavy, které je možné diagnostikovat a léčit ambulantně cestou praktického lékaře od stavů vyžadujících specializovanou diagnostiku a léčbu na hematologickém či hematologickoonkologickém pracovišti.
In this paper authors discuss the current possibilities of diagnosis, classification and treatment of the most common types of anemias.The aim is to distinguish conditions that can be diagnosed and treated outpatient by a general practitioner from conditionsrequiring specialized diagnostics and treatment at a hematological or hematooncological departments.
- MeSH
- anemie z nedostatku železa diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- anemie * diagnóza klasifikace terapie MeSH
- hypochromní anemie diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek kyseliny listové diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu B12 farmakoterapie MeSH
- parenterální infuze MeSH
- perniciózní anemie diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- vitamin B 12 terapeutické užití MeSH
- vitamin B komplex terapeutické užití MeSH
- železnaté sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- způsoby aplikace léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- kyselina listová aplikace a dávkování metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek kyseliny listové diagnóza terapie MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu B12 diagnóza terapie MeSH
- těhotenství metabolismus MeSH
- vitamin B 12 aplikace a dávkování metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství metabolismus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
The purpose of the present study was to investigate neutrophil and monocyte cell population data as novel markers of low cobalamin/folate concentrations and influence of renal function on their usefulness. The study included 284 patients older than 60 years or with dyspepsia symptoms with mean corpuscular volume 80–100 fL and C-reactive protein ≤ 50 mg/l. Subjects were divided according to renal function and further classified based on cobalamin and folate levels. Neutrophil and monocyte volume (NeV, MoV), conductivity (NeC, MoC), light scatter (NeS, MoS) and standard deviations (NeV-SD, MoV-SD, NeC-SD, MoC-SD, NeS-SD, MoS-SD), obtained by Coulter LH750® Hematology Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, USA), were evaluated along with white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell distribution width and homocysteine relative to renal function and cobalamin/folate status. Neutrophil conductivity standard deviation (NeC-SD) had the largest magnitude of the difference between patients with low and normal vitamin levels, was the strongest predictor of low cobalamin/folate concentrations and had the largest area under the curve in detection of vitamin deficiency. Patients with different renal function status and the same cobalamin/folate status did not differ in NeC-SD. In this selected group of patients, NeC-SD was marker of low cobalamin and folate levels regardless of the renal function.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- dyspepsie MeSH
- krevní obraz MeSH
- kyselina listová krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monocyty cytologie MeSH
- nedostatek kyseliny listové * krev MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie MeSH
- počet buněk MeSH
- renální insuficience * krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vitamin B 12 * krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- fyziologie výživy v těhotenství MeSH
- komplikace těhotenství MeSH
- kyselina listová * dějiny fyziologie metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- megaloblastová anemie etiologie patologie MeSH
- nedostatek kyseliny listové * etiologie komplikace patologie MeSH
- strava, jídlo, výživa MeSH
- terapeutická ekvivalence MeSH
- výživové doporučené dávky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
V současné době jsme zasaženi pandemií obezity na podkladě nerovnováhy mezi příjmem a výdejem energie. Za poslední čtvrtstoletí došlo k překotnému nárůstu nadváhy a běžná obezita se stala závažným zdravotním problémem soudobého lidstva. Běžná dětská obezita tvoří v ambulanci praktického lékaře pro děti a dorost po alergických onemocněních druhou největší skupinu s chronickým onemocněním s dlouhodobými kardiometabolickými změnami. V České republice je do 16 let necelých 10 % s obezitou, z toho 2/3 dětí s komplexními metabolickými změnami a zhruba 1/4 s extrémní obezitou. Kardiometabolické následky se spouští a fixují pomocí maladaptačních procesů na podkladě malnutričního chování, které se rozvíjí na jedné straně v raném věku po fázi imprintingu v období neofobie a negace a na druhé straně na podkladě obecných výživových zvyklostí. Tlak obezitogenního prostředí vede k nutričně chudé a nevyvážené hyperalimentaci, která vede k rozvoji specifických nutričních deficitů diskutovaných v příspěvku.
Currently, there is a pandemic of common obesity. In the last 25 years, there has been a tremendous increase in overweight, and common obesity has become the most serious health problem of mankind today. In the surgeries of general paediatricians for children and adolescents, common paediatric obesity is the second largest group of chronic diseases with long-term metabolic changes, second only to allergic conditions. In the Czech Republic, approximately 10 % of children aged up to 16 years old have obesity, including 2/3 children with complex metabolic changes and 1/4 with extreme obesity. Cardiometabolic sequelae are triggered and preserved by maladaptation processes based on malnutrition behaviour: on the one hand, developed at an early age following the stage of imprinting during the period of neophobia and negation and, on the other hand, based on national nutritional habits. The pressure of obesogenic environment affects the nature of hyperalimentation and results in the development of specific nutritional deficiencies that are discussed in the present article.
- MeSH
- dietní železo MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek kyseliny listové epidemiologie MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu D epidemiologie MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu E epidemiologie MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * diagnóza epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- ovoce MeSH
- podvýživa epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- poruchy výživy epidemiologie MeSH
- potravní vláknina MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- preference v jídle MeSH
- sodík dietní analýza škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zelenina MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Recently, cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) was suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the exact role of folate metabolism in the pathogenesis of ASD, identification of underlying pathogenic mechanisms and impaired metabolic pathways remain unexplained. The aim of our study was to develop and test a novel, unbiased, bioinformatics approach in order to identify links between ASD and disturbed cerebral metabolism by focusing on abnormal folate metabolism, which could foster patient stratification and novel therapeutic interventions. An unbiased, automatable, computational workflow interaction model was developed using available data from public databases. The interaction network model of ASD-associated genes with known cerebral expression and function (SFARI) and metabolic networks (MetScape), including connections to known metabolic substrates, metabolites and cofactors involving folates, was established. Intersection of bioinformatically created networks resulted in a limited amount of interaction modules pointing to common disturbed metabolic pathways, linking ASD to CFD. Two independent interaction modules (comprising three pathways) covering enzymes encoded by ASD-related genes and folate cofactors utilizing enzymes were generated. Module 1 suggested possible interference of CFD with serine and lysine metabolism, while module 2 identified correlations with purine metabolism and inosine monophosphate production. Since our approach was primarily conceived as a proof of principle, further amendments of the presented initial model are necessary to obtain additional actionable outcomes. Our modelling strategy identified not only previously known interactions supported by evidence-based analyses, but also novel plausible interactions, which could be validated in subsequent functional and/or clinical studies. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1424-1435. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
