Introduction: Smoking poses a risk to flap viability, with nicotine being a major contributor to the formation of free radicals. Allopurinol, known for its antioxidant properties, has been shown to enhance tissue survival in ischemic conditions by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aims to assess the impact of allopurinol on the viability and success of skin flaps in Wistar rats exposed to nicotine. Methods: This study examined skin flap survival in nicotine-exposed rats treated with allopurinol. Twenty-eight rats were separated into two groups. During 1 month of nicotine exposure, the treatment group received systemic allopurinol 7 days before and 2 days after the flap procedure, while the control group received no allopurinol. Pro-angiogenic factors, proinflammatory factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and oxidative markers were assessed on the 7th day after the flap procedure using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Macroscopic flap viability was evaluated on the 7th day using Image J photos. Results: As an oxidative marker, malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in rats given allopurinol than in controls (P < 0.001). The levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α, as markers of inflammatory factors, were significantly lower in the group of rats given allopurinol compared to controls (P < 0.001). The level of angiogenesis in rats given allopurinol, measured by vascular endothelial growth factor levels, was also higher in the treatment group compared to controls (P < 0.001). Macroscopically, the percentage of distal flap necrosis in Wistar rats given allopurinol was lower and statistically significant compared to controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Xanthine oxidoreductase is part of a group of enzymes involved in reactions that produce ROS. Allopurinol, as an effective inhibitor of the xanthine oxidase enzyme, can reduce oxidative stress by decreasing the formation of ROS. This reduction in oxidative stress mitigates the risk of ischemic-reperfusion injury effects and significantly increases the viability of Wistar rat flaps exposed to nicotine.

• MeSH
• alopurinol * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• interleukin-6 analýza   MeSH
• malondialdehyd analýza   MeSH
• nikotin * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• TNF-alfa analýza   účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH

The study was designed to evaluate the medical relevance of total homocysteine (tHcy), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) before and after chemotherapy for women with breast cancer (BRCA). Blood samples were taken from Oncology Unit in Merjian Teaching hospital in Hilla city (Iraq). Sixty patients suffering from breast cancer (BRCA) were enrolled in this study, and twenty-one apparently healthy subjects were considered as a control group control. We found that significantly increased lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA, was demonstrated in the serum of BRCA patients who were not taken any medication was higher than in the control group (P<0.01) were (25±15) nmol/ml of MDA levels in BRCA patient and (14.5±7.9) nmol/ml of MDA levels in healthy controls. We found that treatment by chemotherapy resulted in a significant increase in MDA levels when compared with MDA levels in patients who were not taken any medication. The tHcy level in BRCA patients before and after treatment were changed. In addition, it is found that the mean serum TAC levels in BRCA patients were significantly less than in the control group. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the activity of chemotherapy and MDA levels in the patient and the same correlation between tHcy levels and TAC levels while a negative correlation was observed between TAC levels with MDA levels in the patient group.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• ELISA metody   MeSH
• farmakoterapie MeSH
• homocystein analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malondialdehyd analýza   MeSH
• nádory prsu * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH

The study was designed to evaluate the medical relevance of Malondialdehyde (MDA) (a marker of oxidative stress) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) groups, cured groups, and control groups; before and after taking the vaccine. Blood samples were taken from Oncology Unit in Al-Mahaweel hospital in Hilla city. Sixteen patients, sixteen cured patients, thirty control, sixteen subjects were taken one dose of Pfizer vaccine, sixteen subjects were taken two doses of Pfizer vaccine. We found that significantly increased lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA, was demonstrated in the serum of COVID-19 patients and TAC decreased in patients when compared with the control groups. Inversely, we found the mean MDA levels decrease and increase in TAC levels in cured patients when compare with COVID-19 patients. In addition, it is found that subjects were taken one dose or two doses of the Pfizer vaccine have less MDA levels and more TAC levels than the COVID-19 vaccine for that reason the Pfizer vaccines play the important role in the activity of immune systems.

• MeSH
• angiotensin-konvertující enzym 2 metabolismus   MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• COVID-19 * komplikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• ELISA metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malondialdehyd analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• vakcína BNT162 MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of selected inflammatory parameters and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) significance in the post-inflammatory period in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. BACKGROUND: Laboratory biomarkers can be integrated into clinical practice as part of monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. METHODS: After recovery from an acute exacerbation of lung infection, selected inflammatory parameters (fibrinogen, IL-1, IL-6, SAA, hs-CRP) and serum MDA were examined in 30 adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Their correlation with FEV1, frequency and duration of subsequent hospitalizations and 6-year prognosis in terms of mortality or need for lung transplantation was evaluated. RESULTS: FEV1 negatively correlated with fibrinogen, but positively with MDA. No significant correlation with hs-CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and SAA was recorded. Plasma fibrinogen predicted the frequency and duration of subsequent hospitalizations. The 6-year prognosis was negatively associated with plasma fibrinogen whereas its association with MDA was positive. However, the prognosis of patients in the multivariate analysis was significantly associated only with FEV1. CONCLUSION: Plasma fibrinogen examined in the post-inflammatory period is a marker of lung damage in patients with cystic fibrosis and can be used to predict the prognosis. The positive correlation of serum MDA with FEV1 in the post-inflammatory period may be important to the interpretation of treatment interventions (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 17).

• MeSH
• biologické markery * krev   MeSH
• cystická fibróza * krev   MeSH
• dechový objem MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fibrinogen analýza   MeSH
• klinické zhoršení MeSH
• korelace dat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malondialdehyd analýza   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• klinická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Early stages of ontogenesis determining subsequent growth, development, and productivity of crops can be affected by wastewater and sludge contaminated with pharmaceuticals. Diclofenac (DCF) and paracetamol (PCT; both 0.0001 to 10 mg/L) did not affect seed germination and primary root length of onion, lettuce, pea, and tomato. Conversely, 20-day-old pea and maize plants exhibited decrease in biomass production, leaf area (by approx. 40% in pea and 70% in maize under 10 mg/L DCF), or content of photosynthetic pigments (by 10% and 60% under 10 mg/L PCT). Quantum yields of photosystem II were reduced only in maize (FV/FM and ΦII by more than 40% under 10 mg/L of both pharmaceuticals). Contents of H2O2 and superoxide increased in roots of both species (more than four times under 10 mg/L PCT in pea). Activities of antioxidant enzymes were elevated in pea under DCF treatments, but decreased in maize under both pharmaceuticals. Oxidative injury of root cells expressed as lowered oxidoreductase activity (MTT assay, by 40% in pea and 80% in maize) and increase in malondialdehyde content (by 60% and 100%) together with the membrane integrity disruption (higher Evans Blue accumulation, by 100% in pea and 300% in maize) confirmed higher sensitivity of maize as a C4 monocot plant to both pharmaceuticals.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• diklofenak analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• fotosyntéza účinky léků   MeSH
• klíčení účinky léků   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• listy rostlin účinky léků   MeSH
• malondialdehyd analýza   MeSH
• odpadní voda chemie   MeSH
• paracetamol analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• semena rostlinná účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Dose-limiting nephrotoxicity restricts Cisplatin use in high therapeutic doses. Empagliflozin showed a reno-protective effect in diabetic nephropathy. We investigated if Empagliflozin can ameliorate Cisplatin nephrotoxicity whether used prophylactically or therapeutically. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) control; (2) Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by single intraperitoneal dose; (3) Empagliflozin was given for 10 days before a single dose of Cisplatin; (4) a single dose of Cisplatin followed by Empagliflozin for 10 days; (5) received Empagliflozin only. Regular assessment of weight was done, biochemical evaluation for serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, and glucose was performed, kidney tissue nerve growth factor-β (NGF-β) and oxidative stress parameters were measured, kidneys were evaluated histopathologically and immunostained for caspase 3. Cisplatin significantly reduced body weight, NGF-β, and reduced glutathione, elevated urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde with no effect on other serum biochemical parameters. Histopathologically, there was high acute tubular necrosis (ATN) score with strong immunostaining of caspase 3. The use of Empagliflozin significantly reduced urea and creatinine in both prophylactic and therapeutic, reduced ATN score in the prophylactic group associated with minimal staining of caspase 3 and elevated reduced glutathione. In conclusion, prophylactic Empagliflozin protected against Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury mainly via anti-apoptotic effect.

• Klíčová slova
• Empagliflozin,
• MeSH
• akutní poškození ledvin chemicky indukované   krev   patologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• cisplatina * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• diabetické nefropatie farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• glifloziny * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathion analýza   MeSH
• hypoglykemika MeSH
• kaspasa 3 biosyntéza   účinky léků   MeSH
• ledviny patologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• malondialdehyd analýza   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• nádory farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nervový růstový faktor analýza   účinky léků   MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• protinádorové látky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Although reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) have a fundamental role in physiological processes, enhanced ROS/RNS production induced by exogenous sources, including drugs and other xenobiotics, may result in serious damage to biomolecules. Oxidative/nitrosative stress is being intensively investigated and might be responsible for a variety of health side effects. The present liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method provides reliable and accurate simultaneous measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in cultured human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Sample preparation process involving ultrasonic homogenization, alkaline hydrolysis of protein-bound MDA and 3-NT, deproteination, derivatization of MDA by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and solid-phase extraction was optimized, ensuring the isolation and purification of desired analytes. Additionally, nonprotein thiols and nonprotein disulfides were measured using HPLC-UV. The established lower limit of quantification (0.025 nmol/mL for MDA; 0.0125 nmol/mL for 3-NT) allowed their LC-MS/MS determination in HepG2 cells exposed to model oxidizing agent, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH). The results show significant changes in MDA and 3-NT concentrations and alterations in thiol redox-state in dependence on the t-BOOH concentration and duration of its incubation in HepG2 cells. Concurrent evaluation of oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers in the in vitro model may significantly facilitate assessment of toxicity of newly developed drugs in preclinical trials and thus improve their safety profile.

• MeSH
• buňky Hep G2 MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• malondialdehyd analýza   MeSH
• nádory jater metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• tyrosin analogy a deriváty   analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Nanoscale titanium dioxide (nanoTiO2) is a commercially important nanomaterial. Animal studies have documented lung injury and inflammation, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Yet, human health data are scarce and quantitative risk assessments and biomonitoring of exposure are lacking. NanoTiO2 is classified by IARC as a group 2B, possible human carcinogen. In our earlier studies we documented an increase in markers of inflammation, as well as DNA and protein oxidative damage, in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of workers exposed nanoTiO2. This study focuses on biomarkers of lipid oxidation. Several established lipid oxidative markers (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-trans-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-trans-nonenal, 8-isoProstaglandin F2α and aldehydes C6-C12) were studied in EBC and urine of 34 workers and 45 comparable controls. The median particle number concentration in the production line ranged from 1.98 × 10(4) to 2.32 × 10(4) particles/cm(3) with ∼80% of the particles <100 nm in diameter. Mass concentration varied between 0.40 and 0.65 mg/m(3). All 11 markers of lipid oxidation were elevated in production workers relative to the controls (p < 0.001). A significant dose-dependent association was found between exposure to TiO2 and markers of lipid oxidation in the EBC. These markers were not elevated in the urine samples. Lipid oxidation in the EBC of workers exposed to (nano)TiO2 complements our earlier findings on DNA and protein damage. These results are consistent with the oxidative stress hypothesis and suggest lung injury at the molecular level. Further studies should focus on clinical markers of potential disease progression. EBC has reemerged as a sensitive technique for noninvasive monitoring of workers exposed to engineered nanoparticles.

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   moč   MeSH
• chemický průmysl MeSH
• dechové testy MeSH
• dinoprost analogy a deriváty   analýza   moč   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malondialdehyd analýza   moč   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• nanočástice analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• poškození DNA MeSH
• pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• titan analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In this work, a sensitive capillary electrophoresis method with laser induced fluorescence detection for determination of malondialdehyde in various biological fluids was developed. Malondialdehyde reacts with thiobarbituric acid under optimized conditions of pH=2, reaction time of 60min and temperature of 90°C, yielding an adduct that can be separated in a 50mM sodium borate background electrolyte at pH 9. The separation of the formed adduct was accomplished in less than 6min with limit of detection of 1.1nM due to the use of 532nm laser module, exactly matching the maximum excitation wavelength of the formed adduct. The developed method offers unprecedented sensitivity and was for the first time used for analysis of malondialdehyde in exhaled breath condensate. The method proved to be also applicable to other samples of biological fluids, such as blood plasma and saliva.

• MeSH
• dechové testy metody   MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   MeSH
• fluorescence MeSH
• lasery * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malondialdehyd analýza   MeSH
• sérum metabolismus   MeSH
• sliny metabolismus   MeSH
• vydechnutí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A proper soil risk assessment needs to estimate the processes that affect the fate and the behaviour of a contaminant, which are influenced by soil biotic and abiotic components. For this reason, the measurement of biomarkers in soil bioindicator organisms, such as earthworms, has recently received increasing attention. In this study, the earthworm Eisenia andrei was used to assess the pollutant-induced stress syndrome after exposure to sublethal concentrations of Cd (10 or 100 μg g(-1)) in OECD soil, after 14 d of exposure. Cadmium bioaccumulation and potential biomarkers such as catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), phenoloxidase (PO), metallothioneins (MTs) and genotoxic damage were determined. Results suggested that the exposure to 10 and 100 μg g(-1) Cd significantly increased Cd bioaccumulation, MTs and MDA; 100 μg g(-1) Cd contamination evidenced significantly higher values of H2O2 content and PO activity; CAT activity was inhibited at the higher concentration while GST and Comet assay did not show any significant differences from the control. Rank-based biomarker index showed that both different contaminated soils had an effect on the earthworms and allowed to validate the ecotoxicological relevance of this battery of biomarkers for a promising integrated multi-marker approach in soil monitoring and assessment.

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• ekotoxikologie metody   MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• katalasa analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• kometový test MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• malondialdehyd analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• metalothionein analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• Oligochaeta účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH