Cardiac involvement (CI) in phosphomannomutase 2-congenital disorders of glycosylation (PMM2-CDG) is part of the multisystemic presentation contributing to high mortality rates. The most common cardiac manifestations are pericardial effusion, cardiomyopathy, and structural heart defects. A genotype-phenotype correlation with organ involvement has not yet been described. We analyzed clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic data of 222 patients from eight European centers and characterized the natural course of patients with CI. Fifty-seven patients (45 children) presented with CI, of whom 24 died (median age 21 months, standard deviation 49.8). Pericardial effusion was the most frequent manifestation (55.4%), occurring mostly within the first 6 months of life. The most common pathogenic variants in patients with CI were p.(Arg141His) in 74%, followed by p.(Val231Met) in 36%, which is 3.5 times higher than in PMM2-CDG patients without CI (p < 0.0001). Twenty-one out of 36 patients with p.(Val231Met) had CI; among them, 15 died, compared to 33 out of 166 patients without p.(Val231Met) who had CI (p < 0.0001). Nine out of 33 patients died (p = 0.0015), indicating greater clinical severity. Furthermore, the p.(Val231Met) variant is predominant in Eastern Europe, suggesting a founder effect. Cardiac complications in PMM2-CDG patients are common and serious. The variant p.(Val231Met) profoundly influences the extent of CI and mortality rates. Therefore, we recommend cardiac surveillance be included in the follow-up protocols for PMM2-CDG.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fenotyp * MeSH
• fosfotransferasy (fosfomutasy) * genetika   nedostatek   MeSH
• genetické asociační studie MeSH
• kardiomyopatie genetika   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• vrozené poruchy glykosylace * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a disease typified by anomalies in cell metabolism. The function of mitochondria, including subunits of mitochondrial respiratory complex II (CII), in particular SDHB, are often affected. Here we investigated the state and function of CII in RCC patients. METHODS: We evaluated tumour tissue as well as the adjacent healthy kidney tissue of 78 patients with RCC of different histotypes, focusing on their mitochondrial function. As clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is by far the most frequent histotype of RCC, we focused on these patients, which were grouped based on the pathological WHO/ISUP grading system to low- and high-grade patients, indicative of prognosis. We also evaluated mitochondrial function in organoids derived from tumour tissue of 7 patients. RESULTS: ccRCC tumours were characterized by mutated von Hippel-Lindau gene and high expression of carbonic anhydrase IX. We found low levels of mitochondrial DNA, protein and function, together with CII function in ccRCC tumour tissue, but not in other RCC types and non-tumour tissues. Mitochondrial content increased in high-grade tumours, while the function of CII remained low. Tumour organoids from ccRCC patients recapitulated molecular characteristics of RCC tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the state of CII, epitomized by its assembly and SDHB levels, deteriorates with the progressive severity of ccRCC. These observations hold the potential for stratification of patients with worse prognosis and may guide the exploration of targeted therapeutic interventions.

• MeSH
• antigeny nádorové MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• karboanhydrasa IX metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk * patologie   metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mitochondrie * metabolismus   patologie   genetika   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein VHL genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory ledvin * patologie   metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• respirační komplex II * metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sukcinátdehydrogenasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with patients having unresectable or metastatic disease at diagnosis, with poor prognosis and very short survival. Given that genetic variation within autophagy-related genes influences autophagic flux and susceptibility to solid cancers, we decided to investigate whether 55,583 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 234 autophagy-related genes could influence the risk of developing PDAC in three large independent cohorts of European ancestry including 12,754 PDAC cases and 324,926 controls. The meta-analysis of these populations identified, for the first time, the association of the BIDrs9604789 variant with an increased risk of developing the disease (ORMeta = 1.31, p = 9.67 × 10-6). We also confirmed the association of TP63rs1515496 and TP63rs35389543 variants with PDAC risk (OR = 0.89, p = 6.27 × 10-8 and OR = 1.16, p = 2.74 × 10-5). Although it is known that BID induces autophagy and TP63 promotes cell growth, cell motility and invasion, we also found that carriers of the TP63rs1515496G allele had increased numbers of FOXP3+ Helios+ T regulatory cells and CD45RA+ T regulatory cells (p = 7.67 × 10-4 and p = 1.56 × 10-3), but also decreased levels of CD4+ T regulatory cells (p = 7.86 × 10-4). These results were in agreement with research suggesting that the TP63rs1515496 variant alters binding sites for FOXA1 and CTCF, which are transcription factors involved in modulating specific subsets of regulatory T cells. In conclusion, this study identifies BID as new susceptibility locus for PDAC and confirms previous studies suggesting that the TP63 gene is involved in the development of PDAC. This study also suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of the TP63 locus in PDAC.

• MeSH
• autofagie * genetika   MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• duktální karcinom slinivky břišní * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• forkhead transkripční faktory MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
• hepatocytární jaderný faktor 3-alfa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * genetika   MeSH
• nádorové supresorové proteiny * genetika   MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• transkripční faktory genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common, fatal cancer. Identifying subgroups who may benefit more from intervention is of critical public health importance. Previous studies have assessed multiplicative interaction between genetic risk scores and environmental factors, but few have assessed additive interaction, the relevant public health measure. METHODS: Using resources from CRC consortia, including 45,247 CRC cases and 52,671 controls, we assessed multiplicative and additive interaction (relative excess risk due to interaction, RERI) using logistic regression between 13 harmonized environmental factors and genetic risk score, including 141 variants associated with CRC risk. RESULTS: There was no evidence of multiplicative interaction between environmental factors and genetic risk score. There was additive interaction where, for individuals with high genetic susceptibility, either heavy drinking (RERI = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13, 0.36), ever smoking (0.11 [0.05, 0.16]), high body mass index (female 0.09 [0.05, 0.13], male 0.10 [0.05, 0.14]), or high red meat intake (highest versus lowest quartile 0.18 [0.09, 0.27]) was associated with excess CRC risk greater than that for individuals with average genetic susceptibility. Conversely, we estimate those with high genetic susceptibility may benefit more from reducing CRC risk with aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use (-0.16 [-0.20, -0.11]) or higher intake of fruit, fiber, or calcium (highest quartile versus lowest quartile -0.12 [-0.18, -0.050]; -0.16 [-0.23, -0.09]; -0.11 [-0.18, -0.05], respectively) than those with average genetic susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: Additive interaction is important to assess for identifying subgroups who may benefit from intervention. The subgroups identified in this study may help inform precision CRC prevention.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• interakce genů a prostředí * MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * genetika   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kouření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• pití alkoholu MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare and severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). While the exact disease mechanism remains unknown, previous studies suggest that mutant GFAP influences many cellular processes, including cytoskeleton stability, mechanosensing, metabolism, and proteasome function. While most studies have primarily focused on GFAP-expressing astrocytes, GFAP is also expressed by radial glia and neural progenitor cells, prompting questions about the impact of GFAP mutations on central nervous system (CNS) development. In this study, we observed impaired differentiation of astrocytes and neurons in co-cultures of astrocytes and neurons, as well as in neural organoids, both generated from AxD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells with a GFAPR239C mutation. Leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified distinct cell populations and transcriptomic differences between the mutant GFAP cultures and a corrected isogenic control. These findings were supported by results obtained with immunocytochemistry and proteomics. In co-cultures, the GFAPR239C mutation resulted in an increased abundance of immature cells, while in unguided neural organoids and cortical organoids, we observed altered lineage commitment and reduced abundance of astrocytes. Gene expression analysis revealed increased stress susceptibility, cytoskeletal abnormalities, and altered extracellular matrix and cell-cell communication patterns in the AxD cultures, which also exhibited higher cell death after stress. Overall, our results point to altered cell differentiation in AxD patient-derived iPS-cell models, opening new avenues for AxD research.

• MeSH
• Alexanderova nemoc * genetika   patologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• astrocyty * metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace * fyziologie   MeSH
• gliový fibrilární kyselý protein * metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• indukované pluripotentní kmenové buňky * metabolismus   MeSH
• kokultivační techniky MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nervové kmenové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• neurony metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• organoidy metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Limited information is available on the safety of pregnancy in patients with genetic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and in carriers of DCM-causing genetic variants without the DCM phenotype. We assessed cardiac, obstetric, and fetal or neonatal outcomes in this group of patients. METHODS: We studied 48 women carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic DCM-associated variants (30 with DCM and 18 without DCM) who had 83 pregnancies. Adverse cardiac events were defined as heart failure (HF), sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular assist device implantation, heart transplant, and/or maternal cardiac death during pregnancy, or labor and delivery, and up to the sixth postpartum month. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients, all with DCM (31% of the total cohort and 50% of women with DCM) experienced adverse cardiac events. Obstetric and fetal or neonatal complications were observed in 14% of pregnancies (10 in DCM patients and 2 in genetic carriers). We analyzed the 30 women who had been evaluated before their first pregnancy (12 with overt DCM and 18 without the phenotype). Five of the 12 (42%) women with DCM had adverse cardiac events despite showing NYHA class I or II before pregnancy. Most of these women had a history of cardiac events before pregnancy (80%). Among the 18 women without phenotype, 3 (17%) developed DCM toward the end of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac complications during pregnancy and postpartum were common in patients with genetic DCM and were primarily related to HF. Despite apparently good tolerance of pregnancy in unaffected genetic carriers, pregnancy may act as a trigger for DCM onset in a subset of these women.

• MeSH
• dilatační kardiomyopatie * genetika   komplikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• kardiovaskulární komplikace v těhotenství * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Východiská: Z hľadiska epidemiológie predstavuje kolorektálny karcinóm (KRK) celosvetovo jeden z najčastejšie sa vyskytujúcich nádorov. Pokrok vo výskume sa premietol do zníženia úmrtnosti na toto ochorenie, avšak zníženie veku vzniku KRK vytvára obavy vo väčšine rozvinutých krajín. Identifikácia a validácia účinných prognostických biomarkerov sú kľúčové pre zvýšenie presnosti diagnostiky a individualizáciu liečby. Cieľ: Cieľom práce je analyzovať najnovšie údaje o epidemiológii a rizikových faktoroch KRK. Naratívny prehľad sa zameriava aj na zhrnutie súčasných poznatkov o rôznych prognostických biomarkeroch pri liečbe KRK, vrátane ukazovateľov výkonnostného stavu, nutričných a zápalových markerov. Záver: KRK predstavuje závažný zdravotný problém vo väčšine krajín a nádorové biomarkery, ako aj stav pacienta pred liečbou, sú rozhodujúce pre určenie prognózy ochorenia. Ukazovatele nutričného a výkonnostného stavu zohrávajú zásadnú úlohu pri hodnotení stavu pacienta a ovplyvňujú rozhodnutia o liečbe, s potenciálnym dopadom na jej výsledky. Zápalové markery sa javia ako významný prognostický faktor, korelujúc s imunitnou odpoveďou pacienta na nádor a zápalovými procesmi, ktoré môžu viesť k progresii ochorenia. Napriek ich sľubnej prediktívnej sile sa tieto biomarkery zatiaľ bežne nepoužívajú v klinickej praxi z dôvodu potreby ďalšej vedeckej validácie. Integrácia nových biomarkerov do klinickej praxe by však mohla viesť k personalizovanejším liečebným stratégiam a tým k zlepšeniu prežívania pacientov. Pre komplexnejšie posúdenie validity týchto biomarkerov a ich aplikácie v bežnej klinickej praxi je potrebný ďalší výskum.

Background: In terms of epidemiology, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide. Progress in research has translated into reduced mortality of the disease, but the trend of early onset CRC troubles most of the developed countries. Identification and validation of effective prognostic biomarkers are crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Purpose: The objective of the work is to analyze the latest data on the epidemiology and risk factors of CRC. A narrative review also aims to summarize current knowledge about various prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of CRC, including indicators of performance status, nutritional, and inflammatory markers. Conclusion: CRC pose major health problem in most of the countries and the tumor biomarkers as well as patients pre-treatment condition are crucial to establish prognosis of the disease. Nutritional and performance status indicators play an essential role in assessing the patient’s condition and influence treatment decisions, with a potential impact on treatment outcomes. Inflammatory markers have demonstrated significant prognostic value, correlating with the patient’s immune response to the tumor and inflammatory processes that may promote disease progression. Despite promising predictive capabilities, these biomarkers are not yet routinely used in clinical practice due to the need for further research validation. The integration of new biomarkers into clinical practice could lead to more personalized treatment decisions and improved treatment outcomes. For a more comprehensive assessment of the validity of these biomarkers and their application in regular clinical practice, further research is necessary.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• genetické testování MeSH
• geny ras genetika   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrosatelitní nestabilita MeSH
• prognóza * MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny B-Raf genetika   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• rizikové faktory * MeSH
• staging nádorů metody   MeSH
• zánět komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Differences in survival according to the pTERT mutation subtypes (-124C > T, -146C > T, and tandem -138_139CC > TT) have been observed. The present study aimed to describe the clinical as the histopathological and molecular cutaneous melanoma features according to the presence of the three most prevalent pTERT mutation subtypes (-124C > T, -146C > T, and tandem -138_139CC > TT). A retrospective cross-sectional study including 684 patients was designed, and a Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was performed. After the PSL-DA, it was observed that the tandem -138_139CC > TT subtype differs from the other subtypes. The model demonstrated that the -124C > T and the -138_139 CC > TT subtypes were associated with fast-growing melanomas (OR 0.5, CI 0.29-0.86, p = .012) and with Breslow >2 mm (OR 0.6, CI 0.37-0.97, p = .037), compared to the -146C > T mutation. Finally, the -124C > T appeared to be more associated with the presence of TILs (non-brisk) than the -146C > T (OR 0.6, CI 0.40-1.01, p = .05). These findings confirmed that the -124C > T and the tandem -138_139 CC > TT subtypes are both highly associated with the presence of features of aggressiveness; however, only the -124C > T was highly associated with TILs. This difference could explain the worse survival rate associated with the tandem -138_139CC > TT mutations.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom * genetika   patologie   mortalita   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádory kůže genetika   patologie   mortalita   MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) * genetika   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• telomerasa * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA metody   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   genetika   MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * diagnóza   genetika   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Axenfeldův-Riegerův syndrom,
• MeSH
• abnormality očí * diagnostické zobrazování   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• dědičné nemoci očí * diagnostické zobrazování   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
• přední segment oční abnormality   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH