Prognostic value of T-cells between primary colorectal cancer (pCRC) and its paired synchronous and metachronous liver metastasis (LM) is underinvestigated and is the subject of the present study. We enrolled into this retrospective cohort study patients, who underwent resection of both pCRC and synchronous LM (N = 55) or metachronous LM (N = 44). After immunohistochemical staining for CD3+, CD8+, and CD45R0+ whole slides were scanned and T-cell densities were quantified using QuPath software in tumor center (TC), inner margin (IM), outer margin (OM), and peritumor zone (PT) of pCRC and LM. High densities of CD8+ T-cells in TC, OM and PT of synchronous LM were associated with longer disease-free survival (DFS). Greater densities of CD3+ T-cells in IM and PT and CD8+ T-cells in IM, OM and PT in synchronous LM over pCRC were associated with longer DFS. Greater densities of CD8+ T-cells in the TC and IM and CD3+ T-cells in the IM of pCRC were found in the metachronous over synchronous group. The first novel finding demonstrated that high density of CD8+ T cells in synchronous LM were associated with favorable outcome. The second finding of high CD8+ cell density in pCRC in metachronous over synchronous CRC may provide a mechanistic basis for the delay of metastatic spread. Both findings could be applied clinically with own reference values.

• MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * patologie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetné primární nádory patologie   imunologie   MeSH
• nádory jater * sekundární   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• sekundární malignity patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: A higher risk of secondary brain tumor, carotid stenosis, and stroke has been reported after conventional sella irradiation for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), which is a more focused approach, is now increasingly used instead. The aim was to assess the risk of secondary brain tumor, carotid stenosis/occlusion, and stroke after SRS. METHODS: In this multicentric retrospective study, 2254 patients with PitNET were studied, 1377 in the exposed group, and 877 in the control group. RESULTS: There were 9840.1 patient-years at risk for the SRS and 5266.5 for the control group. The 15-year cumulative probability of secondary intracranial tumor was 2.3% (95% CI: 0.5%, 4.1%) for SRS and 3.7% (95% CI: 0%, 8.7%) for the control group (P = .6), with an incidence rate of 1.32 per 1000 and 0.95 per 1000, respectively. SRS was not associated with an increased risk of tumorigenesis when stratified by age (HR: 1.59 [95% CI: 0.57, 4.47], Pp = .38). The 15-year probability of new carotid stenosis/occlusion was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2, 1.6) in the SRS and 2% (95% CI: 0, 4.4) in the control group (P = .8). The 15-year probability of stroke was 2.6% (95% CI: 0.6%, 4.6%) in the SRS and 11.1% (95% CI: 6%, 15.9%) in the control group (P < .001). In Cox multivariate analysis stratified by age, SRS (HR 1.85 [95% CI:0.64, 5.35], P = .26) was not associated with risk of new stroke. CONCLUSIONS: No increased risk of long-term secondary brain tumor, new stenosis or occlusion, and stroke was demonstrated in the SRS group compared to the control in this study with imaging surveillance.

• MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * etiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory hypofýzy * epidemiologie   MeSH
• nádory mozku epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• radiochirurgie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sekundární malignity etiologie   epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stenóza arteria carotis * etiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Sparse data exist on the impact of upper urinary tract (UUT) decompression on the risk of UUT recurrence in patients with bladder cancer (BCa). This study aims to evaluate whether Double J stenting (DJS) can increase the risk of UUT recurrence compared to percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 1550 patients with cTa-T3NanyM0 BCa who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) between at 12 tertiary care centers (1990-2020). Patients with complete follow-up, no prior history of UUT cancer, and who required UUT decompression for preoperative hydronephrosis were selected. Hydronephrosis grade was defined according to established scoring systems. UUT recurrence was diagnosed through imaging, urinary cytology, and confirmed by selective cytology and ureteroscopy when possible. Propensity scores were computed to determine overlap weights and balance groups. Kaplan-Meier analyses estimated UUT recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific (CSS), and overall survival (OS) before and after weighting. Cox regression analyses before and after weighting were fitted to predict UUT recurrence. RESULTS: Of 524 included patients, 132 (25%) and 392 (75%) patients were managed with DJS and PCN placement, respectively. Patients who received PCN had higher grade (≥ 3) of obstruction (34% vs. 14%) and pT3-4 tumors (70% vs. 36%) than patients with DJS. During a median follow-up of 19 months, 2-years UUT-RFS did not differ between groups (95% for PCN vs 92% for DJS, weighted HR 1.41, 95% CI, 0.55-3.59). There was no difference in 2-years weighted CSS (74% vs. 74%) and OS (67% vs 69%). Main limitations were the short follow-up and inclusion of patients uniquely undergoing RC. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ureteral DJS does not increase the risk of developing UUT recurrence in BCa patients with hydronephrosis requiring UUT decompression. However, UUT recurrence was rare, and associations were weak, with findings susceptible to bias. Randomized trials are needed to validate these results.

• MeSH
• cystektomie MeSH
• hydronefróza etiologie   MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• nádory močovodu chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• perkutánní nefrostomie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• sekundární malignity chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stenty * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Extra­‐axiální nádory vycházejí z tkání zevně od pia mater (z arachnoidey, dury mater nebo kosti) a jsou anatomicky oddělené od parenchymu centrální nervové soustavy. Z patologického hlediska představují tyto nádory různorodou skupinu lézí s proměnlivými morfologickými, biologickými, genetickými a klinickými charakteristikami. Taktéž patří do širokého spektra histopatologických podskupin v současné 5. edici WHO klasifikace nádorů CNS. Tento článek poskytuje stručný přehled o spektru těchto nádorů, jejich genetice a úskalích v diferenciální diagnostice. Hlavní důraz je kladen na meningiomy, nádory kraniálních a paraspinálních nervů, ne­‐meningoteliální mezenchymální nádory, sekundární nádory mozkových plen a pseudotumory mozkových plen.

Extra-axial tumors originate from tissues outside the pia mater (arachnoid, dura mater, bone), distinct anatomically from the central nervous system parenchyma. Pathologically, these tumors comprise a diverse range of lesions with varying morphological, biological, genetic, and clinical characteristics. They are classified into numerous histopathological subgroups in the latest 5th edition of the WHO classification of CNS tumors. This article offers a concise overview of these tumors, exploring their genetic aspects and addressing key considerations in differential diagnosis. Emphasis is placed on meningiomas, cranial and paraspinal nerve tumors, non-meningothelial mesenchymal tumors, secondary meningeal tumors, and meningeal pseudotumors.

• MeSH
• cauda equina patologie   MeSH
• hemangioblastom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• hemangiopericytom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom patologie   MeSH
• meningeální nádory genetika   patologie   MeSH
• meningy patologie   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory centrálního nervového systému * genetika   patologie   MeSH
• neurilemom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• neuroendokrinní nádory genetika   patologie   MeSH
• neurofibrom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• sekundární malignity patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Previous population-based studies on second primary cancers (SPCs) in urothelial cancers have focused on known risk factors in bladder cancer patients without data on other urothelial sites of the renal pelvis or ureter. AIMS: To estimate sex-specific risks for any SPCs after urothelial cancers, and in reverse order, for urothelial cancers as SPCs after any cancer. Such two-way analysis may help interpret the results. METHODS: We employed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) to estimate bidirectional relative risks of subsequent cancer associated with urothelial cancers. Patient data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1990 through 2015. RESULTS: We identified 46 234 urinary bladder cancers (75% male), 940 ureteral cancers (60% male), and 2410 renal pelvic cancers (57% male). After male bladder cancer, SIRs significantly increased for 9 SPCs, most for ureteral (SIR 41.9) and renal pelvic (17.2) cancers. In the reversed order (bladder cancer as SPC), 10 individual FPCs were associated with an increased risk; highest associations were noted after renal pelvic (21.0) and ureteral (20.9) cancers. After female bladder cancer, SIRs of four SPCs were significantly increased, most for ureteral (87.8) and pelvic (35.7) cancers. Female bladder, ureteral, and pelvic cancers associated are with endometrial cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The risks of recurrent urothelial cancers were very high, and, at most sites, female risks were twice over the male risks. Risks persisted often to follow-up periods of >5 years, motivating an extended patient follow-up. Lynch syndrome-related cancers were associated with particularly female urothelial cancers, calling for clinical vigilance.

• MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru epidemiologie   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• nádory močovodu komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• registrace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sekundární malignity epidemiologie   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Švédsko MeSH

Data on the spectrum of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) after primary childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are scarce. One-hundred-and-eighty-nine NHL patients diagnosed in a 30 years period of 1980-2010 developing an SMN were retrieved from 19 members of the European Intergroup for Childhood NHL and/or the international Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Study Group. Five subgroups of SMNs were identified: (1) myeloid neoplasms (n = 43; 23%), (2) lymphoid neoplasms (n = 51; 27%), (3) carcinomas (n = 48; 25%), (4) central nervous system (CNS) tumors (n = 19; 10%), and (5) "other" SMNs (n = 28; 15%). In 37 patients (20%) preexisting disorders were reported with 90% having any kind of cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS). For the 189 primary NHL patients, 5-year overall survival (OS) after diagnosis of an SMN was 56 ± 4%, being worst for patients with preexisting disorders at 28 ± 8%. Five-year OS rates were 38 ± 8%, 59 ± 7%, 79 ± 8%, 34 ± 12%, and 62 ± 11%, respectively, for patients with myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms, carcinomas, CNS tumors, and "other" SMNs (p < 0.0001). Patients with SMNs after childhood NHL having a reported CPS, mostly mismatch repair disorders, carried a very poor prognosis. Moreover, although outcome was favorable in some subtypes of SMNs after childhood NHL (carcinomas, lymphoid neoplasms), other SMNs such as myeloid neoplasms and CNS tumors had a dismal prognosis.

• MeSH
• chemoradioterapie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nehodgkinský lymfom patologie   terapie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• sekundární malignity etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• transplantace kmenových buněk škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Spindle cell lipoma, cellular angiofibroma and mammary myofibroblastoma are mesenchymal tumours that have overlapping morphological and immunophenotypic features. Aberrations in chromosome 13q14 have been identified as a recurrent feature. We report a unique case of a 69-year-old woman who metachronously developed all three tumours. She developed a peri-urethral and a recurrent peri-vaginal cellular angiofibroma at age 54 and 57, respectively, a spindle cell lipoma at age 62 and a mammary myofibroblastoma at age 69. Dual-colour interphase fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) revealed losses of RB1 and FOXO1 (13q14LOH [loss of heterozygosity]) within neoplastic cells. There was also loss of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these three tumours arising in the same patient. The genetic link between these tumours supports the hypothesis that they may arise from the same progenitor cells. However, further research is required to elucidate the precise pathogenetic link.

• MeSH
• angiofibrom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• forkhead box protein O1 genetika   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 14 * MeSH
• lipom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádory močové trubice genetika   patologie   MeSH
• nádory prsu genetika   patologie   MeSH
• nádory vaginy genetika   patologie   MeSH
• nádory ze svalové tkáně genetika   patologie   MeSH
• sekundární malignity genetika   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ubikvitinligasy genetika   MeSH
• vazebné proteiny retinoblastomu genetika   MeSH
• ztráta heterozygozity * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to characterize subsequent neoplasm (SN) (malignant (SMN), benign (BSNs), and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)) treated previously for a childhood solid malignant tumor at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Motol University Hospital, Prague. METHOD: We evaluated a cohort of 4059 childhood cancer survivors treated between 1975 and 2018. RESULTS: From 4059 survivors, 170 (4.3 %) developed at least one SMN - 193 SMNs in 170 survivors, 21 of them (0.5 % of all survivors) had two or more SMNs and 34 of them (0.8 %) had one SMN and one or more BSNs. Mortality for an SMN was 38.2 % i.e. 1.6 % of all survivors. The most frequent SMNs were thyroid carcinoma (37, 19.2 %), tumors of the central nervous system (25, 13.0 %), soft tissue sarcoma (23, 11.9 %), breast carcinoma (19, 9.8 %), and leukemia (11, 5.7 %). Genetic syndromes were present in 25 patients with SMNs (14.7 %) and in 16 patients with only BSNs (13.4 %). SMNs usually developed in second decade or later after finishing of therapy. We observed some not well known risk factors of SNs e.g. spinal irradiation or131-I metaiodobenzylguanidine radiotherapy in 2 cases of secondary thyroid cancer, cyclophosphamide therapy in all 8 cases of secondary urinary bladder sarcoma or 4 from 7 SNMSC developed SMN. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed data from previous studies of SNs and observed some not so well known risk factors. Our results and the literature show that the incidence of SMNs is 3-10 % of survivors and is associated with high mortality.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory komplikace   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• přežívající onkologičtí pacienti statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sekundární malignity epidemiologie   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Experimental studies in animals provide relevant knowledge about pathogenesis of radiation-induced injury to the central nervous system. Radiation-induced injury can alter neuronal, glial cell population, brain vasculature and may lead to molecular, cellular and functional consequences. Regarding to its fundamental role in the formation of new memories, spatial navigation and adult neurogenesis, the majority of studies have focused on the hippocampus. Most recent findings in cranial radiotherapy revealed that hippocampal avoidance prevents radiation-induced cognitive impairment of patients with brain primary tumors and metastases. However, numerous preclinical studies have shown that this problem is more complex. Regarding the fact, that the radiation-induced cognitive impairment reflects hippocampal and non-hippocampal compartments, it is highly important to investigate molecular, cellular and functional changes in different brain regions and their integration at clinically relevant doses and schedules. Here, we provide a literature review in order support the translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice and improve the physical and mental status of patients with brain tumors.

• MeSH
• centrální nervový systém patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• ionizující záření MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory mozku patologie   radioterapie   MeSH
• nemoci mozku etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• radiační poranění etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• sekundární malignity etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The increased survival in malignant cutaneous melanoma (melanoma) is probably due to early diagnosis combined with improved treatment most recently. National health campaigns and screening programs for melanoma detection were started in Sweden several decades ago. We want to assess the influence of tumor characteristics, based on the TNM classification, and of second primary cancers on overall survival in melanoma. We used the Swedish Cancer Registry to assess all-cause survival in melanoma from 2003 to 2015. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models. A total of 19,773 melanoma patients were diagnosed with TNM data. Survival showed a strong improving trend over time (p-trend <.001). T1a was the most common classification (48.0% of all), while higher T class was associated systematically with worse survival (p-trend <.001). For distant metastases, the HR was 3.17, accounting for 0.9% of the patients. Any types of second primary cancers, other than melanoma, were associated with an HR of 2.00, accounted for 6.7% of all cases. Even if melanoma survival in Sweden ranks among the best national rates, the large percentage of patients with advanced tumors (T3b, T4a, and T4b, 17%) and 21% of deaths with T1a call for improved preventive and follow-up strategies.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom patologie   MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• nádory kůže patologie   MeSH
• pravděpodobnost MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• sekundární malignity diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Švédsko MeSH