Coal miners with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP, J60 according to ICD-10) were previously found to have a significantly higher risk of lung carcinoma compared to the general male population. The presented study aimed to analyze the (i) incidence of lung carcinoma in miners, (ii) histopathological findings in cohorts with and without CWP, and (iii) effect of smoking cessation on the histopathological profile. Analyzed cohorts consisted of miners with (n = 3476) and without (n = 6687) CWP. Data on personal and working history obtained from the medical records were combined with information on lung cancer from the Czech Oncological Register and histopathological findings. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests and the incidence risk ratio at the significance level of 5%. In 1992-2015, 180 miners (2.7%) without CWP and 169 (4.9%) with CWP, respectively, were diagnosed with lung carcinoma. The risk of lung cancer in miners with CWP was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.48-2.25) times higher than in those without CWP. Squamous cell carcinoma (37%) was the most common histopathological type, followed by adenocarcinoma (22%) and small cell carcinoma (21%). A statistically significant difference between the cohorts (p = 0.003) was found in the histopathological subtypes, with the incidence of small cell carcinoma being 2 times higher in miners without CWP than in those with CWP. Only a few individuals with lung carcinoma were non-smokers. The incidence of small cell carcinoma, which is strongly associated with smoking, is significantly higher in miners without CWP. Smoking constitutes the most important risk factor for developing lung carcinoma even in that cohort. However, CWP remains a very important risk factor.

• MeSH
• antrakóza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• karcinom * MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic * epidemiologie   MeSH
• plíce MeSH
• pneumokonióza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• těžba uhlí * MeSH
• uhlí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity after retirement are likely to be caused by unhealthy eating habits and the energy intake exceeding the energy expenditure. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the effects of two 12-week interventions involving, respectively, either regular physical activity or a modified lower-calorie diet on the anthropometric parameters and blood lipid profiles in overweight and obese retired miners with lipid disorders. DESIGN: The study participants (n = 30, aged 58.7 ± 4.1 years, body height 174.8 ± 7.3 cm, body weight 96.6 ± 13.9 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 intervention groups: the Nordic walking group (NW), which exercised with intensity from 60 to 70% of participants' maximal heart rates for 1 h 3 times a week, and the modified diet group (MD). Modification of the diet consisted of reducing the daily energy intake by 30%, increasing the dietary content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, and reducing the proportion of saturated fatty acids. The variables assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks were: anthropometric parameters (body weight, fat mass content [FM], fat percentage [BF], BMI, waist circumference [WC], hip circumference [HC], and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) and blood lipid indicators (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high density lip-oprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]). RESULTS: The body weight of the participants in the NW was lower at week 12 by an average of 5 kg, BMI by 6%, FB by 19%, FM by 15%, WC by 8%, HC by 6%, and WHR by 3%. In the MD, the respective decreases were 8 kg and 8, 25, 20, 6, 2, and 7%. In the MD, the postintervention concentrations of TC and TG were within the reference range. CONCLUSION: Both 12-week interventions improved the anthropometric parameters and blood lipid profiles of retired heavy manual workers, with the improvements being more pronounced in the dieting group.

• MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• důchod * MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• nadváha krev   terapie   MeSH
• obezita krev   terapie   MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• poměr pasu a boků MeSH
• programy na snížení hmotnosti metody   MeSH
• redukční dieta * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
• těžba uhlí * MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH

The heavy metal pollution of soils has become serious environmental problem, mainly in localities with high industrialization and rapid growth. The purpose of this detailed research was to determine the actual status of heavy metal pollution of soils and an assessment of heavy metal pollution in a highly industrialized city, Ostrava, with a history of long-term impacts from the metallurgy industry and mining. The ecological risks to the area was subsequently also assessed. The heavy metals Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Cr and Fe were determined in top-soils (0-20 cm) using atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS, GF AAS) from three areas with different anthropogenic loads. The obtained data expressed as mean metal concentrations were very varied among the sampled soils and values of all analyzed metal concentrations were higher than its background levels. To identify the ecological risk and assessment of soil pollution, various pollution indices were calculated, such as single pollution indices (Igeo, CF, EF, PI) and total complex indices (IPI, PLI, PINemerow, Cdeg, mCdeg, Er and PERI). The identification of pollution sources was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate methods (HCA, PCA/FA). The obtained results confirmed three major groups of metals (Fe-Cr, Pb-Cu and Mn-V). A human health risk was identified in the case of Pb, Cd and Cr, and the HI value of V for children also exceeded 1.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• hutnictví * MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• rozvoj průmyslu MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• těžba uhlí * MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH

The potential environmental hazards of risk elements in the area affected by the opencast coal mine and/or coal combustion for plants and animals was assessed by using a suite of laboratory bioaccessibility tests. The chosen sampling area was in the vicinity of the largest coal mine spoil in the Sokolov coal basin (Czech Republic). For an estimation of the oral bioaccessibility of the risk elements in soils, the physiologically based extraction tests were applied. Among the available methods for estimating the pulmonary bioaccessibility of elements, the Gamble's and Hatch's tests were chosen. The results showed elevated pseudo-total soil contents of As, Be, Cd, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn. Among these elements, only Cd showed substantial bioaccessibility for plants, as documented by the high Risk Assessment Code, reaching up to 47%, and the highest plant-availability, where the maximum Bioaccumulation Factor in plants reached up to 4.5. The simulated body fluids showed the highest bioaccessibility of Cd, but also substantial bioaccessible pools of As and Be, the elements frequently found at the brown coal mining and processing areas. For better understanding of the risk element bioaccessibility under the specific conditions, the released element pools should be related to the particular soil physicochemical parameters.

• MeSH
• arsen analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• kovy analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• rostliny metabolismus   MeSH
• těžba uhlí * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

At first, we would like to thank Mei Yong for the comments on our article Mortality in Miners with Coal-Workers' Pneumoconiosis in the Czech Republic in the Period 1992-2013 [...].

• MeSH
• antrakóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pneumokonióza * MeSH
• těžba uhlí * MeSH
• uhlí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• komentáře MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

With interest, I read the recent analysis by Tomaskova and co-workers (2017) about mortality from coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). The research question remains unclear whether coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) resulting from exposure to respirable coal dust containing crystalline silica accelerates the development of lung cancer or whether it is an intermediate stage in the pathway. I made several points of considerations with respect to (1) qualified data; (2) alternate measures for excessive risks; and (3) methodological flaws that should be avoided.

• MeSH
• antrakóza * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pneumokonióza MeSH
• prach MeSH
• těžba uhlí * MeSH
• uhlí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• komentáře MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Sdělení se zabývá výskytem uhlokopské pneumokoniózy jako nemoci z povolání u pacientů s anamnézou práce při těžbě v podzemí černouhelných dolů, kteří byli v době stanovení diagnózy již mimo tuto expozici. Zpracována byla data osob, jimž bylo onemocnění zjištěno v karvinském regionu v letech 2000–2016. Uhlokopská pneumokonióza byla v tomto období uznána a hlášena jako nemoc z povolání u 76 pacientů. Většina onemocnění (90,8 %) byla zjištěna do 25 let od ukončení prašné expozice. Nebyl nalezen jednoznačný vztah subjektivních obtíží k typu zjištěného onemocnění ani k tíži ventilační poruchy. Vzhledem k dosavadnímu výskytu uhlokopské pneumokoniózy a riziku rozvoje onemocnění s latencí očekává autorka i po ukončení těžby v karvinském regionu další výskyt onemocnění uhlokopskou pneumokoniózou.

The paper deals with the occurrence of coal miner pneumoconiosis as an occupational disease in patients with anamnesis of work in underground mining, who were not in the exposure at the time of diagnosis. Data of persons, where the disease was established in the Karviná area in the years 2000–2016 were processed. The coal miner pneumoconiosis was notified and acknowledged as the occupational disease in 76 patients. Most diseases (90.8%) were detected up to 25 years after the end of dust exposure. There was not any unequivocal relation of the subjective symptoms to the type of determined disease or to the degree of ventilation disorder. In view of the existing occurrence of coal miner pneumoconiosis and the risk of evolution of the disease with certain latency, the authors expects further occurrence of this coal miner pneumoconiosis in the Karviná area in the future.

• MeSH
• antrakóza * diagnóza   epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci z povolání * etiologie   MeSH
• sekundární prevence MeSH
• těžba uhlí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

While working underground, miners are exposed to a number of risk factors that have a negative impact on their health and may be a cause of an increased mortality in miners. The aim of the study was to compare total and specific mortality in black coal miners with acknowledged coal-workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and without CWP, and the mortality of the general male population in the Czech Republic in the period 1992-2013. The sample consisted of 3476 coal miners with CWP and 6687 ex-coal miners without CWP, who were removed after achieving the maximum permissible exposure (MPE). The mortality risk differences were analyzed with the use of the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and 95% confidence interval. Significantly higher total mortality (SMR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.17), and mortality from malignant neoplasm (SMR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03-1.30), lung cancers (SMR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.41-2.04), and non-malignant respiratory diseases (SMR = 2.78; 95% CI: 2.32-3.31) were found in the sample of coal miners with CWP. In this sample, the severity of CWP was assessed, and the SMR increased with the severity of CWP. The total (SMR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.82-0.91) and specific mortality of miners without CWP were not higher compared with the general population. In the case where the miners were removed from underground work after achieving the MPE (without CWP), their mortality was not higher than that of the general population, but the mortality of miners with CWP was higher compared to the general population. This mortality was affected by malignant and non-malignant respiratory diseases.

• MeSH
• antrakóza epidemiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic epidemiologie   MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy epidemiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• těžba uhlí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Úvod: Horníci černouhelných dolů jsou při výkonu práce vystaveni řadě rizikových faktorů. Mezi nejzávažnější patří vysoká prašnost. Zatímco prach s obsahem krystalické formy oxidu křemičitého a jeho tepelných modifikací zařadila IARC v roce 1997 jako humánní karcinogen skupiny 1, uhelný prach byl na základě výsledků epidemiologických studií zařazen do skupiny 3. Cílem přehledové studie je shrnout dosavadní znalosti v oblasti karcinogenního rizika spojeného s expozicí uhelnému prachu. Metodika: V této práci jsou zpracovány informace z odborných prací publikovaných od 80. let dvacátého století až po nejnovější publikace vydané v našich a zahraničních periodikách. Výsledky: Prezentované studie se zaměřují především na rakovinu plic, žaludku a močového měchýře. Rozsáhlé kohortové studie zaměřené na černouhelné horníky byly realizovány v Polsku a Americe, kde nebylo zjištěno riziko rakoviny plic ani u osob s uhlokopskou pneumokoniózou (PNU), ve Velké Británii bylo zjištěno zvýšené riziko rakoviny žaludku a významné riziko rakoviny plic, v Německu a v České republice bylo zjištěno významně vyšší riziko rakoviny plic u horníků s PNU. V Nizozemsku bylo zjištěno významné riziko rakoviny žaludku. Závěr: I když existuje řada studií, které sledují karcinogenní účinek prachu s obsahem krystalické formy oxidu křemičitého u černouhelných horníků, nelze na základě dosavadních výsledků karcinogenní účinky prachu uhelných dolů jednoznačně potvrdit, ale ani vyvrátit.

Introduction: The coal miners are exposed to various risk factors at work. Dustiness belongs to the most serious ones. While the dust containing crystal forms of silica and its thermal modifications was classified by IARC as a human carcinogen 1 in 1997, the coal dust was classified into group 3 based on epidemiological studies. The objective of the review was to summarize existing knowledge in the area of carcinogenic risk associated with exposure to coal dust. Methods: The paper processed information from specialist contribution published from the 80ies of 20th century until the most recent contributions published in our and foreign periodicals. Results: The reviewed studies deal predominantly with lung cancer, stomach cancer and bladder cancer. Extensive cohort studies aimed at coal miners were executed in Poland and the United States, where no risk of lung cancer was observed even in subjects with coalminer pneumoconiosis, whereas an increased risk of stomach cancer and a significant risk of lung cancer were determined in Great Britain and a significantly higher risk of lung cancer in miners with coalminer pneumoconiosis was observed in Germany and the Czech Republic. A significant risk of stomach cancer was found in Netherlands. Conclusion: Although there are a great number of studies following the carcinogenic risk of dust containing crystalline forms of silica in coal miners, available studies cannot confirm or unambiguously disprove.

• MeSH
• epidemiologické studie MeSH
• hornictví MeSH
• hygiena práce MeSH
• karcinogeneze MeSH
• karcinogeny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře MeSH
• nádory plic * epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• nádory žaludku MeSH
• oxid křemičitý škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pneumokonióza MeSH
• prach MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• těžba uhlí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

New waterbodies have been created in a postmining area of the brown-coal basin in Sokolov, Czech Republic. The former open-cast quarry, Medard, has been filling with water from a local river, the surrounding catchment spoil heaps, and acid mine drainages. The effect of acidic (pH down to 2.5) and high-conductivity water (up to 1400 mS/m) on selected cyanobacteria and the possibility of cyanobacterial water bloom in the newly formed Lake Medard were studied by means of chlorophyll fluorometry (actual photosystem II [PSII] quantum yield, ΔF/Fm', and relative electron transport rate, rETR). The acidic spoil-heap waters caused a decrease in cyanobacterial photosynthetic activity of 52 to 100% of the initial ΔF/Fm' value. The Dolichospermum strains were about 10 times more sensitive than Microcystis viridis. The high concentration of dissolved ions appeared to have less effect on cyanobacterial PSII. Although the bottom meta- and hypolimnion layers were proven to negatively influence the cyanobacteria, the perennial stratification of the lake does not enable the water characteristics of the upper layers to change extensively and thus possibly suppresses the undesirable cyanobacterial bloom. The response of cyanobacteria to spoil-heap waters appears to be species-specific and can promote selection of those resistant to postmining environments.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fotosyntéza účinky léků   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• sinice klasifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• sladká voda mikrobiologie   MeSH
• těžba uhlí * MeSH
• vodní zdroje analýza   normy   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH