OBJECTIVE: To compare cytologic findings in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in various subgroups of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. STUDY DESIGN: CSF from 77 patients with clinically definitive or probable MS was examined by means of qualitative cytology. After the cell count was determined in a Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber, slides were prepared by the cytosedimentation method and stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain and oil red O and, whenever possible, with Papanicolaou stain and toluidine blue. In addition to the differential cell count, the lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, percentage of activated forms in the lymphocytic and monocytic series, presence and percentage of lymphoplasmacytes and mature plasma cells, presence of lipophages, lymphophages and presence of mitotic figures were evaluated. RESULTS: The following statistically significant differences were found between the various MS subgroups: (1) higher prevalence of mitotic figures in the primary progressive MS subgroup; (2) higher prevalence of foam cells and lymphophages and lower prevalence of CSF pleocytosis in more severely disabled patients; (3) lower cell count, lower prevalence of CSF pleocytosis, lower lymphocyte/monocyte ratio and lower prevalence of lymphoplasmacytes in treated patients; and (4) higher prevalence of mature plasma cells and lipophages in MS patients with disease of longer duration. CONCLUSION: The differences observed in the various MS subgroups may reflect certain aspects of MS pathogenesis. Qualitative CSF cytology may therefore be useful for both clinicians and neuroimmunologists. Qualitative cytology of CSF is an important diagnostic method that should never be omitted from an examination of CSF from patients with MS.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
- aktivace makrofágů MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- leukocytóza imunologie patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy imunologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- mitóza MeSH
- monocyty imunologie MeSH
- mozkomíšní mok cytologie imunologie MeSH
- pěnové buňky ultrastruktura MeSH
- plazmatické buňky imunologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- počet leukocytů MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza mozkomíšní mok imunologie patologie terapie MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum transferrin (Tf) concentrations, transferrin quotient and index in various subgroups of MS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CSF and serum transferrin concentrations, transferrin quotient QTf (i.e. CSF transferrin/serum transferrin x 10(3)) and index (QTf/Qalbumin) were determined in a group of 51 patients with clinically definite or probable multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients were subdivided according to the disease form (relapsing-remitting = RR, secondary progressive = SP, primary progressive = PP; patients with RR form were further subdivided into those in the attack and those in remission), disease severity (EDSS 0-5.5, EDSS 6.0-10.0), its treatment (non-treated - including patients treated with vitamins and/ or vasodilators only, treated - i.e. glucocorticoids and/or immunosuppressants and/or (exceptionally) beta-interferon), disease duration (0-2 years, >2-10 years, > 10 years) and sex. Correlation of transferrin values with age was also performed. RESULTS: Serum transferrin was somewhat lower and significantly more frequently subnormal in PP patients in comparison with the SP form and the RR form in remission. Transferrin index was significantly higher in the PP form than in the RR as well as the SP form. Transferrin quotient was significantly more frequently subnormal in patients in remission compared to those in the attack of the RR disease. CSF transferrin as well as transferrin quotient were more frequently subnormal in patients with short disease duration (0-2 years) than in patients with longer disease duration; these parameters, however, correlated also significantly with age. CSF transferrin and transferrin quotient were higher in male than in female patients. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that evaluation of transferrin in MS patients - along with albumin - may help to differentiate among various MS subgroups, since there are significant differences among RR, SP and PP forms. For this purpose, however, other CSF protein fractions should be evaluated in parallel in order to obtain more complex information and to establish a panel of examinations enabling multiple statistical analyses. Transferrin evaluation in MS may also be of significant theoretical interest, since transferrin is known to be involved in the regulation of iron metabolism and it may have a protective role against the oxidative stress. Moreover, transferrin is a growth factor important for proliferation of activated T lymphocytes. By means of the use of transferrin quotient and especially transferrin index, it may be possible to estimate the proportion of intra-CNS-synthesized transferrin and/or rate of specific transferrin transport across the blood-CSF barrier. Further studies are, however, needed for such an evaluation.
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza krev mozkomíšní mok metabolismus MeSH
- hematoencefalická bariéra MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza krev mozkomíšní mok metabolismus MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza krev mozkomíšní mok klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- transferin * analýza mozkomíšní mok metabolismus MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- transferin * MeSH
The paper suggests an objective method for the choice of a suitable estimate of the spectral power density in the context of the analysis of biosignals. The method is based on the principle evaluating the degree of prewhitening (i.e. elimination of autocorrelation): this prewhitening is achieved just by means of filters exploiting the compared spectral estimates. The method is demonstrated by a practical example estimating the spectral power density of EEG signals.
- MeSH
- algoritmy * MeSH
- elektroencefalografie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The relationship between changes in demographic variables and the deterioration of the environment is explored. The data concern the North Bohemian region of Czechoslovakia, the area with the most damaged environment, as well as the Czech part of Czechoslovakia. The results show that environmental deterioration has a negative effect on total mortality, infant mortality, health-related migration, and abortion. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)
- Klíčová slova
- Abortion, Induced *, Czechoslovakia, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe *, Environment, Environmental Degradation, Environmental Pollution *, Europe, Family Planning, Fertility Control, Postconception, Infant Mortality *, Migration *, Mortality *, Population, Population Dynamics *,
- MeSH
- demografie MeSH
- emigrace a imigrace * MeSH
- indukovaný potrat * MeSH
- kojenecká mortalita * MeSH
- mortalita * MeSH
- populace MeSH
- populační dynamika * MeSH
- služby plánování rodičovství MeSH
- vyspělé země MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- východní Evropa MeSH
The possibilities of applying a new method for the quantitative analysis of demographic structures are examined using data for Czechoslovakia. The method is used to identify differences among Czech regions by age and educational status. (summary in ENG, RUS)
- Klíčová slova
- Age Factors *, Czechoslovakia, Demographic Analysis *, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe *, Economic Factors, Educational Status *, Europe, Geographic Factors *, Population, Population Characteristics, Research Methodology *, Socioeconomic Factors, Socioeconomic Status,
- MeSH
- demografie * MeSH
- ekonomika MeSH
- populace MeSH
- populační charakteristiky MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- společenská třída MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání * MeSH
- věkové faktory * MeSH
- vyspělé země MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- zeměpis * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- východní Evropa MeSH
Some examples of the use of the principal component model for the economic description of the structure of the multiple time series and for the data reduction in the quantitative EEG studies are presented. The broad-band EEG frequency spectra were measured with the use of an electronic system designed by J. Dvorák. The EEG spectral power densities were computed via the discrete Fourier Transform (namely FFT) algorithm. The estimated two or three first principal components account for the major part of the total variance of individual EEG variables: The results hold for the used elementary epoch of measurement, i.e. 5 sec. - With the use of the algorithms and FORTRAN IV programs developed by J. Andĕl, T. Cipra and L. Tomásek a data reduction by a factor of 1:2000 can be achieved without any substantial loss of biological information. - The described methods help to obtain a better insight into the structure of the data and represent a powerful tool for data reduction at least in a certain class of experimental EEG studies (experimental toxicology, pharmacology, experimental neurology).
- MeSH
- barbituráty MeSH
- elektroencefalografie * MeSH
- Fourierova analýza MeSH
- intrakraniální tlak MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- oxid uhelnatý toxicita MeSH
- počítače MeSH
- spánek účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- barbituráty MeSH
- oxid uhelnatý MeSH
- MeSH
- matematika * MeSH
- periodicita * MeSH
- teoretické modely * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moč MeSH
- nemoci ledvin diagnóza MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- urobilinogen * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- urobilinogen * MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- CARBOHYDRATES/metabolism *, OXYGEN/pharmacology *,
- MeSH
- atmosférický tlak * MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- kyslík farmakologie MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů * MeSH
- sacharidy * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kyslík MeSH
- sacharidy * MeSH
