BACKGROUND: Understanding population health trends and their key determinants is essential for planning health services and implementing effective interventions. One of these determinants may be national cultural characteristics that are related to various health outcomes and health-related behaviours. However, little is known about their potential association to overall burden of disease. Thus, this study examined whether cultural characteristics expressed by Hofstede indexes are associated with the burden of disease. METHODS: We used data from open-source databases - Hofstede's Cultural Index, the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) and the Human Development Index (HDI). The final sample comprised 69 countries covering all the continents. The burden of disease was measured using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disabilities (YLD), and years of life lost (YLL). National cultural characteristics were measured using Hofstede's dimensions. Bayesian correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationships between cultural dimensions and health outcomes, stratified by countries' HDI levels. RESULTS: In countries with a very high HDI, there was strong evidence (Bayes Factor > 10) of a positive correlation of Power distance with the total disability-adjusted life years (r = 0.448) and years of life lost (r = 0.528), and Individualism (r = 0.667) and Indulgence (r = 0.494) with years lived with disabilities. In contrast, Long-term orientation negatively correlated of with years lived with disabilities (r = -0.527) and Indulgence with disability-adjusted life years (r = -0.437) and years of life lost (r = -0.537). Further, Power distance and Indulgence were correlated with the majority of the GBD indicators and Individualism with a few GBD indicators. In countries with a high and medium HDI, strong evidence of the associations was found in only a few cases. CONCLUSION: We found a correlation between national cultural characteristics and burden of disease. Policy-makers should consider integrating cultural factors into public health strategies to better align healthcare interventions with the local population's values and behaviours. Moreover, cross-cultural research and collaboration should increase to understand how cultural influences can be used to mitigate disease burdens and improve health outcomes globally. This study also opens a potentially new research area within population health research.

• Klíčová slova
• Burden of disease, Cultural characteristics, Hofstede’s index, Population health,
• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• globální zátěž nemocemi * MeSH
• kulturní charakteristiky * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobní újma zaviněná nemocí * MeSH
• počet let života s onemocněním MeSH
• zdravotní stav populace * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare socioeconomic characteristics of the Roma population living in Roma settlements with the majority population. Moreover, it was aimed to assess socioeconomic differences in health and health-related behaviour within the population living in Roma settlements. METHODS: Data from the cross-sectional HepaMeta study conducted in Slovakia in 2011 were used. The sample consisted of 452 Roma (mean age = 34.7; 35.2% men) and 403 non-Roma (mean age = 33.5; 45.9% men) respondents. Roma in selected settlements were recruited by local Roma community workers. Respondents from the major population were randomly selected from a list of patients from general practitioners. Data were collected via questionnaire, anthropometric measures and analysed blood samples. Differences in socioeconomic characteristics between the population living in Roma settlements and the majority population were tested using the chi-square test. The contribution of selected socioeconomic characteristics on health and health-related behaviour of the population living in Roma settlements was assessed by logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS: The population living in Roma settlements is characterised by significantly lower socioeconomic standards, and the living conditions are significantly worse compared with the majority. With few exceptions, the study did not confirm any significant association between socioeconomic indicators and health and health-related behaviour within the population living in Roma settlements. CONCLUSIONS: The deteriorating effect of living in Roma settlement on health and health-related behaviour seems to be immense regardless differences in socioeconomic characteristics or living condition within the settlement population.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Romové etnologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• společenská třída * MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zdravé chování etnologie   MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Mortality trends among the Gypsy population of Czechoslovakia are analyzed. Data are from the 1970 and 1980 censuses. The results suggest that the life expectancy among the Gypsy population is as low as 55.3 years for males and 59.9 years for females. Particularly high mortality between the ages of 6 and 35 is noted. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

• Klíčová slova
• Cultural Background, Czechoslovakia, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Differential Mortality *, Eastern Europe, Ethnic Groups *, Europe, Length Of Life, Life Expectancy *, Mortality, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Sex Factors *,
• MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• dlouhověkost MeSH
• etnicita * MeSH
• kultura MeSH
• mortalita * MeSH
• naděje dožití * MeSH
• populace MeSH
• populační charakteristiky MeSH
• populační dynamika MeSH
• sexuální faktory * MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

The spatial distribution of the population of Czechoslovakia by settlement is described using data from the 1980 census. Data are included on population by constituent republic, size of commune, rural or urban residence, and sex ratio.

• Klíčová slova
• Czechoslovakia, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe *, Europe, Geographic Factors *, Population, Population Characteristics, Residence Characteristics *, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Sex Ratio *, Spatial Distribution *,
• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení * MeSH
• demografie * MeSH
• poměr pohlaví * MeSH
• populace MeSH
• populační charakteristiky MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• zeměpis * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

Over 200,00 gypsies live in Czechoslovakia, or about 4% of the population of the Slovak Socialist Republic. The gypsy population grew by 25.5% from 1971-1981, while the total popualtion grew by 10%. The sex ratio of 1033 men to 1000 women is a distinct characteristic of the gypsy population. The proportion of gypsy children ages 0-14 is also very high, about 43.4% of the total gypsy population. The male average age is 10.1; the female average age is 11.3. In 1980, the proportion of gypsies with basic educational attainment reached 81.9%, while in 1970 it was less than a third of those over 15. Their employment grew by 9.8% from 1970-1980; women's employment, and especially married women's employment, also inceased. In occupations, 83.4% of gypsies are manual workers, 6.8% are employers, 8.8 belong to production cooperatives, and 1% are in other occupations. Of the 47,117 gypsy households in the Slovak Socialist Republic, 44% have more than 5 members, and 11.6% have more than 8 members. Gypsy housing remains on a low level, with 59% living in apartments with inconvenient access to equipment and facilities and 36.3% living in 1 room flats. In spite of systematic care from a socialist society, gyspies' housing has only improved partially, and considerable differences remain between their housing and that of the rest of the population.

• Klíčová slova
• Cultural Background, Czechoslovakia, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe *, Educational Status, Employment Status, Ethnic Groups *, Europe, Housing, Occupational Status, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Size, Sex Ratio, Tribes *,
• MeSH
• bydlení MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• etnicita * MeSH
• hustota populace MeSH
• kultura MeSH
• poměr pohlaví MeSH
• populace MeSH
• populační charakteristiky MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• zaměstnanost MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

The author examines religious affiliation among the population in the Czech Republic. Religious affiliation is analyzed by age, sex, profession, social status, nationality, and fertility. (ANNOTATION)

• Klíčová slova
• Czech Republic, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe, Europe, Population, Population Characteristics *, Religion *,
• MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• náboženství * MeSH
• populace MeSH
• populační charakteristiky * MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

Population trends in Czechoslovakia in 1982 are reviewed. The growing impact of some irregularities in age distribution, such as the decline in the number of women aged 20 to 24, on fertility and mortality is noted.

• Klíčová slova
• Age Distribution *, Age Factors, Czechoslovakia, Demographic Factors, Demographic Impact *, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe *, Europe, Fertility *, Mortality *, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics *,
• MeSH
• demografie * MeSH
• fertilita * MeSH
• mortalita * MeSH
• populace MeSH
• populační charakteristiky MeSH
• populační dynamika * MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• věkové rozložení * MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Besides irreplaceable role in health, vitamin B12 is proposed to have cytoprotective role in colorectal cancer (CRC). So far, studies are inconclusive on the role dietary intake of vitamin B12 has in CRC. The aim of this study was to determine whether total dietary intake of vitamin B12 and contribution from its food sources relates to a low-risk diet and lifestyle in a population at high risk for CRC. METHODS: An observational study on 200 healthy adults from Eastern Croatia was conducted during April-May 2013. A typical diet of this population in this region is characterized with all known major dietary risk factors for CRC placing the population at high risk for CRC, yet the incidence of CRC remains relatively low. RESULTS: Diet and lifestyle characteristics of 52.2% of participants can be classified as the high-risk for CRC. Women, people in lower BMI category, and urban residents have significantly lower risk of the high-risk diet and lifestyle. Higher intake of vitamin B12 shows positive association with the low-risk diet and lifestyle. Intake of vitamin B12 from milk, dairy and fish represent independent factors for the low-risk diet and lifestyle in this population at high-risk for CRC. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of vitamin B12, especially intake from milk, dairy and fish are associated with the low-risk diet and lifestyle in a population at high risk for CRC. Further studies should focus on interplay between vitamin B12 and other nutrients that share the same food sources to elucidate their role in the aetiology and pathology of CRC.

• Klíčová slova
• colorectal cancer, diet and lifestyle characteristics, dietary vitamin B12, high-risk diet and lifestyle, population at high-risk for CRC,
• MeSH
• dieta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kolorektální nádory epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• vitamin B 12 aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Chorvatsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vitamin B 12 MeSH

The level of educational attainment in Czechoslovakia is described using data from the 1961, 1970, and 1980 censuses. Particular attention is paid to improvements in the educational status of women.

• Klíčová slova
• Census, Czechoslovakia, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe, Economic Factors, Educational Status--women *, Europe, Population, Population Characteristics *, Socioeconomic Factors *, Socioeconomic Status,
• MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• ekonomika MeSH
• populace MeSH
• populační charakteristiky * MeSH
• sčítání lidu MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání * MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

The seasonal dynamics of biological traits in a population of European bitterling Rhodeus amarus from a small river in central Europe (River Kyjovka, Czech Republic) were investigated from April 2007 to March 2008. The reproductive season lasted from early April to mid-June, with a peak in late April when > 50% of females possessed ripe eggs in their ovaries. The sex ratio was female-biased, with a higher bias following the peak in reproduction, suggesting higher mortality of males than females over the reproductive period. The population was effectively annual, with a major decrease in adult fish abundance at the end of the reproductive period. Highest relative lipid content and condition factor were observed in February, both decreasing with an increase in investment into gonads. Seasonal dynamics in somatic condition, relative lipid content and gonad mass, and their comparison with other R. amarus populations, suggest that the study population allocated a disproportionally high level of resources to reproduction.

• MeSH
• Cyprinidae fyziologie   MeSH
• lipidy analýza   MeSH
• ovarium fyziologie   MeSH
• poměr pohlaví MeSH
• populační dynamika MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• roční období * MeSH
• rozmnožování MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lipidy MeSH