Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to cure pancreatic cancer with minimal side effects. Visible wavelengths are primarily used to activate hydrophobic photosensitizers, but in clinical practice, these wavelengths do not sufficiently penetrate deeper localized tumor cells. In this work, NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+,Fe2+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were coated with polymer and labeled with meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC; temoporfin) to enable near-infrared light (NIR)-triggered PDT of pancreatic cancer. The coating consisted of alendronate-terminated poly[N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide]-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) [P(DMA-AEM)-PEG-Ale] to ensure the chemical and colloidal stability of the particles in aqueous physiological fluids, thereby also improving the therapeutic efficacy. The designed particles were well tolerated by the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines CAPAN-2, PANC-1, and PA-TU-8902. After intratumoral injection of mTHPC-conjugated polymer-coated UCNPs and subsequent exposure to 980 nm NIR light, excellent PDT efficacy was achieved in tumor-bearing mice.
- MeSH
- akrylamidy chemie MeSH
- fotochemoterapie * metody MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- infračervené záření MeSH
- koloidy chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mesoporfyriny * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši nahé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- nanočástice chemie MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly * chemie MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- akrylamidy MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky * MeSH
- koloidy MeSH
- mesoporfyriny * MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly * MeSH
- polymery MeSH
- temoporfin MeSH Prohlížeč
Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) were discovered more than 25 years ago and since then, their role in cancer has been under investigation. Research has primarily focused on the receptors located on the membrane of cancer cells and their impact on metabolism, intracellular signalling, and proliferation. Regarding the host response to cancer, studies have predominantly examined the relationship of thrombin receptors (PAR-1, PAR-3, and PAR-4) with blood clotting in distant metastatic spread. However, limited studies have examined the role of PARs, especially PAR-2, in the host anti-tumor immunity. This review article provides insights into the role of PAR-2 on cancer cells and immune competent cells involved in cancer development and progression. It also discussed the current knowledge of the importance of PAR-2 activation at various stages of cancer progression and its association with cancer-related pain.
- Klíčová slova
- PAR-2, cancer, fibroblasts, proteinases, review, thrombin, trypsin,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * metabolismus MeSH
- receptor PAR-1 metabolismus MeSH
- receptor PAR-2 * metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- receptor PAR-1 MeSH
- receptor PAR-2 * MeSH
This updated review aims to describe the current status in the development of liposome-based systems for the targeted delivery of phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although a number of other drug delivery systems (DDS) can be found in the literature and have been studied for phthalocyanines or similar photosensitizers (PSs), liposomes are by far the closest to clinical practice. PDT itself finds application not only in the selective destruction of tumour tissues or the treatment of microbial infections, but above all in aesthetic medicine. From the point of view of administration, some PSs can advantageously be delivered through the skin, but for phthalocyanines, systemic administration is more suitable. However, systemic administration places higher demands on advanced DDS, active tissue targeting and reduction of side effects. This review focuses on the already described liposomal DDS for phthalocyanines, but also describes examples of DDS used for structurally related PSs, which can be assumed to be applicable to phthalocyanines as well.
- Klíčová slova
- PDT, cancer, liposome, photosensitizer, phthalocyanine,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Iron and copper are essential micronutrients needed for the proper function of every cell. However, in excessive amounts, these elements are toxic, as they may cause oxidative stress, resulting in damage to the liver and other organs. This may happen due to poisoning, as a side effect of thalassemia infusion therapy or due to hereditary diseases hemochromatosis or Wilson's disease. The current golden standard of therapy of iron and copper overload is the use of low-molecular-weight chelators of these elements. However, these agents suffer from severe side effects, are often expensive and possess unfavorable pharmacokinetics, thus limiting the usability of such therapy. The emerging concepts are polymer-supported iron- and copper-chelating therapeutics, either for parenteral or oral use, which shows vivid potential to keep the therapeutic efficacy of low-molecular-weight agents, while avoiding their drawbacks, especially their side effects. Critical evaluation of this new perspective polymer approach is the purpose of this review article.
- Klíčová slova
- Wilson’s disease, chelator, copper, hemochromatosis, iron, polymer,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The delivery of therapeutics into sites of action by using cargo-delivery platforms potentially minimizes their premature degradation and fast clearance from the bloodstream. Additionally, drug-loaded stimuli-responsive supramolecular assemblies can be produced to respond to the inherent features of tumor microenvironments, such as extracellular acidosis. We report in this framework the use of pH-responsive polymersomes (PSs) manufactured using poly([N-(2-hydroxypropyl)] methacrylamide)35-b-poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate]75 as the building unit (PHPMA35-b-PDPA75). The self-assemblies were produced with desired size towards long circulation time and tumor accumulation (hydrodynamic diameter - DH ~ 100 nm), and they could be successfully loaded with 10% w/w DOX (doxorubicin), while maintaining colloidal stability. The DOX loaded amount is presumably mainly burst-released at the acidic microenvironment of tumors thanks to the pH-switchable property of PDPA (pKa ~ 6.8), while reduced drug leakage has been monitored in pH 7.4. Compared to the administration of free DOX, the drug-loaded supramolecular structures greatly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy with effective growth inhibition of EL4 lymphoma tumor model and 100% survival rate in female C57BL/6 black mice over 40 days. The approach also led to reduced cardiotoxic effect. These features highlight the potential application of such nanotechnology-based treatment in a variety of cancer therapies where low local pH is commonly found, and emphasize PHPMA-based nanomedicines as an alternative to PEGylated formulations.
- Klíčová slova
- Antitumor activity, Cardiotoxicity, Doxorubicin, Nanomedicine, pH-responsive polymersomes,
- MeSH
- doxorubicin * terapeutické užití MeSH
- kardiotoxicita MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
- nádory * farmakoterapie MeSH
- nosiče léků terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- doxorubicin * MeSH
- nosiče léků MeSH
Hydrogels based on natural and modified polysaccharides represent growing group of suitable matrices for the construction of effective wound healing materials. Bioactive tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine and amino acid α-l-arginine are known to accelerate wound healing and skin repair. In this study, hydrogels based on low-methoxyl amidated citrus pectin or flaxseed gum were prepared and used for the transport of these healing agents to the experimental cutting wounds affected by extensive skin damage. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, swelling and release tests confirmed that these hydrogels differed in structure and physical properties. The cationic tripeptide was found to bind to carboxylic groups in LMA pectin, and the C3OH hydroxyl and ring oxygen O5 are involved in this interaction. The pectin hydrogel showed high viscosity and strong elastic properties, while the flaxseed gum hydrogel was characterised as a viscoelastic system of much lower viscosity. The former hydrogel released the drugs very slowly, while the latter hydrogel demonstrated zero order releasing kinetics optimal for drug delivery. In the in vivo wound healing testing on rats, both polysaccharide hydrogels improved the healing process mediated by the mentioned biomolecules. The tripeptide applied in the hydrogels showed significantly higher healing degree and lower healing time than in the control animals without treatment and when it was applied in an aqueous solution. Despite the absence of a synergistic effect, the mixture of the tripeptide and α-l-arginine in the hydrogels was also quite effective in wound healing. According to histological analysis, complete healing was achieved only when using the tripeptide in the flaxseed gum hydrogel. These observations might have an important prospect in clinical application of polysaccharide hydrogels.
- Klíčová slova
- Bioactive peptides, Flaxseed gum, Low methoxy amidated pectin, Polysaccharide hydrogels, Wound healing,
- MeSH
- gingiva chemie MeSH
- hojení ran účinky léků MeSH
- hydrogely chemie farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- kůže účinky léků zranění MeSH
- len chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- oligopeptidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- pektiny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- citrus pectin MeSH Prohlížeč
- glycyl-histidyl-lysine MeSH Prohlížeč
- hydrogely MeSH
- oligopeptidy MeSH
- pektiny MeSH
The lack of cellular and tissue specificities in conventional chemotherapies along with the generation of a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) limits the dosage of active agents that reaches tumor sites, thereby resulting in ineffective responses and side effects. Therefore, the development of selective TME-responsive nanomedicines is of due relevance toward successful chemotherapies, albeit challenging. In this framework, we have synthesized novel, ready-to-use ROS-responsive amphiphilic block copolymers (BCs) with two different spacer chemistry designs to connect a hydrophobic boronic ester-based ROS sensor to the polymer backbone. Hydrodynamic flow focusing nanoprecipitation microfluidics (MF) was used in the preparation of well-defined ROS-responsive PSs; these were further characterized by a combination of techniques [1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), static light scattering (SLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cryogenic TEM (cryo-TEM)]. The reaction with hydrogen peroxide releases an amphiphilic phenol or a hydrophilic carboxylic acid, which affects polymersome (PS) stability and cargo release. Therefore, the importance of the spacer chemistry in BC deprotection and PS stability and cargo release is herein highlighted. We have also evaluated the impact of spacer chemistry on the PS-specific release of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) into tumors in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that by spacer chemistry design one can enhance the efficacy of DOX treatments (decrease in tumor growth and prolonged animal survival) in mice bearing EL4 T cell lymphoma. Side effects (weight loss and cardiotoxicity) were also reduced compared to free DOX administration, highlighting the potential of the well-defined ROS-responsive PSs as TME-selective nanomedicines. The PSs could also find applications in other environments with high ROS levels, such as chronic inflammations, aging, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity.
- MeSH
- doxorubicin * MeSH
- micely MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
- nádory * farmakoterapie MeSH
- nosiče léků MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- doxorubicin * MeSH
- micely MeSH
- nosiče léků MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
This report describes the design, synthesis and evaluation of tumor-targeted polymer probes to visualize epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive malignant tumors for successful resection via fluorescence guided endoscopic surgery. Fluorescent polymer probes of various molecular weights enabling passive accumulation in tumors via enhanced permeability and retention were prepared and evaluated, showing an optimal molecular weight of 200,000 g/mol for passive tumor targeting. Moreover, poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-based copolymers labeled with fluorescent dyes were targeted with the EGFR-binding oligopeptide GE-11 (YHWYGYTPQNVI), human EGF or anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab were all able to actively target the surface of EGFR-positive tumor cells. Nanoprobes targeted with GE-11 and cetuximab showed the best targeting profile but differed in their tumor accumulation kinetics. Cetuximab increased tumor accumulation after 15 min, whereas GE 11 needed at least 4 h. Interestingly, after 4 h, there were no significant differences in tumor targeting, indicating the potential of oligopeptide targeting for fluorescence-navigated surgery. In conclusion, fluorescent polymer probes targeted by oligopeptide GE-11 or whole antibody are excellent tools for surgical navigation during oncological surgery of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, due to their relatively simple design, synthesis and cost, as well as optimal pharmacokinetics and accumulation in tumors.
- Klíčová slova
- HPMA, Head and Neck carcinoma, fluorescence, guided surgery, polymeric conjugate, tumor,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND/AIM: Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHr), expressed on endothelial cells of vessels in different malignant tumors, has been recently investigated as a potential pan-receptor of cancer treatment. However, the expression of this receptor has also been confirmed in other tissues under pathological conditions including cancer. The aim of the presented pilot study was to evaluate the expression of FSHr in head and neck squamous cancer (HNSCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 28 HNSCC patient samples were immunohistochemically analyzed for the presence of FSHr using a commercially available primary antibody. RESULTS: FSHr was detected not only in the tumor tissue, but also in the basal layer or dysplastic parts of squamous mucosa and also in fibroblasts surrounding the tumor tissue. CONCLUSION: FSHr is present on different benign or malignant mesenchymal and epithelial structures in HNSCC. A brief literature review revealed a wider role of FSHr in the development of neoplasia.
- Klíčová slova
- FSHr, HNSCC, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, neoangiogenesis,
- MeSH
- dlaždicobuněčné karcinomy hlavy a krku metabolismus MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- receptory FSH metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- receptory FSH MeSH
The focus of this review is to describe the state-of-art in the development of innovative drug delivery systems for phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is a medical treatment combining photosensitizers (PSs) activated by visible light of a specific wavelength to selectively destroy targeted cells, tumor tissues and its surrounding vasculature. In the last decades, PDT has been under intense investigation, first as a promising alternative approach for improved cancer treatment, later against microbial infection and nowadays, mainly in aesthetic medicine, against age-related degeneration. The success of PDT is restricted because of difficulties with administration and skin permeation of PSs. As PDT importance raises, there is high interest for advanced formulations and delivery systems (DDS) for PS, especially formulations based on nanotechnology. Accordingly, this review deals with the innovations pertaining to DDS for PDT as disclosed in recent patents and literature.
- Klíčová slova
- DDS, PDT, phthalocyanine, review, sensitizer,
- MeSH
- fotochemoterapie * MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- indoly aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- isoindoly MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fotosenzibilizující látky MeSH
- indoly MeSH
- isoindoly MeSH
- phthalocyanine MeSH Prohlížeč
