3D bioprinting is revolutionizing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by enabling the precise fabrication of biologically functional constructs. At its core, the success of 3D bioprinting hinges on the development of bioinks, hydrogel-based materials that support cellular viability, proliferation, and differentiation. However, conventional bioinks face limitations in mechanical strength, biological activity, and customization. Recent advancements in genetic engineering have addressed these challenges by enhancing the properties of bioinks through genetic modifications. These innovations allow the integration of stimuli-responsive elements, bioactive molecules, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, significantly improving the mechanical integrity, biocompatibility, and functional adaptability of bioinks. This review explores the state-of-the-art genetic approaches to bioink development, emphasizing microbial engineering, genetic functionalization, and the encapsulation of growth factors. It highlights the transformative potential of genetically modified bioinks in various applications, including bone and cartilage regeneration, cardiac and liver tissue engineering, neural tissue reconstruction, and vascularization. While these advances hold promise for personalized and adaptive therapeutic solutions, challenges in scalability, reproducibility, and integration with multi-material systems persist. By bridging genetics and bioprinting, this interdisciplinary field paves the way for sophisticated constructs and innovative therapies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
- Klíčová slova
- 3D bioprinting, Bioink, Gel, Genetics, Tissue engineering,
- MeSH
- 3D tisk * MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály * chemie MeSH
- bioprinting * metody MeSH
- extracelulární matrix chemie MeSH
- hydrogely chemie MeSH
- inkoust * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- regenerativní lékařství MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství * metody MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biokompatibilní materiály * MeSH
- hydrogely MeSH
Tree gums, classified as non-wood forest products (NWFPs), are becoming increasingly popular because of their substantial influence on the livelihoods of individuals in developing nations and their ability to enhance the well-being of locals. As food additives and frameworks for current and future non-food applications, tree-based carbohydrate gums are critical as sustainable, ecological, biodegradable, and recyclable materials. This review expounds on the crucial and assorted applications of gum Karaya (Sterculia urens; GK) and gum Kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium; KG) and their derivatives in nanoparticle synthesis, energy harvesting/storage, food packaging, hydrogel formulations, environmental bioremediation, and water purification. They can be applied as functional nanofibers, sponges, films, hydrogels, and nanocomposites. A thorough evaluation of recent scientific research on 'green' and sustainable manifestations of these gum polymers (including their functionalized material forms, fabrication techniques, products, and advances) has been directed in terms of various scientific applications and possible industrial domains. This review extends sustainable product enhancement based on these natural gums ranging from laboratory to future industrial-scale manufacturing and the associated challenges, thus envisaging a platform for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs 1, 2, 6, and 7) in livelihood, agricultural sustainability, clean water, and sanitation, as well as affordable clean energy.
- Klíčová slova
- Binders, Carbohydrate gum polymers, Fibers, Films, Gum Karaya, Kondagogu Gum, Sponges, Sustainable products,
- MeSH
- Bixaceae * chemie MeSH
- guma karaya * chemie MeSH
- hydrogely chemie MeSH
- obaly potravin MeSH
- rostlinné gumy * chemie MeSH
- Sterculia * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- guma karaya * MeSH
- hydrogely MeSH
- rostlinné gumy * MeSH
Encapsulation of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in hydrogel carriers is a cutting-edge approach in developing agricultural bioinoculants, aiming to improve soil fertility and crop yield. Hydrogels provide protection against environmental stress, though traditional methods using external gel-forming agents limit economic viability. This study presents a novel approach, demonstrating the entrapment of Azotobacter vinelandii, a promising PGPR, within a gel matrix formed by Ca2+-induced crosslinking of its own exopolysaccharide, alginate. Among the five strains evaluated, A. vinelandii DSM 87, DSM 720, and DSM 13529 showed the highest alginate production, peaking at 4.9 ± 0.6 g/L, 3.5 ± 0.5 g/L, 3.8 ± 0.8 g/L, and enabling stable gel formation by the fourth day of cultivation. These strains also exhibited molecular weights and chemical structures of alginate suitable for effective gelation upon Ca2+addition. Additionally, these strains demonstrated significant plant growth-promoting activities, including indole acetic acid production (up to 10.5 μg/mL), siderophore release, and phosphate solubilization, further validating their potential for sustainable bioinoculant production. Finally, the viability of the A.vinelandii cells released from the gels was experimentally verified. Our findings support a feasible, cost-effective method for bioinoculant production that leverages A. vinelandii's intrinsic capabilities, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional agricultural practices.
- Klíčová slova
- Alginate, Azotobacter vinelandii, Bioinoculants, Hydrogels, Polyhydroxyalkanoates,
- MeSH
- algináty * chemie MeSH
- Azotobacter vinelandii * metabolismus chemie MeSH
- bakteriální polysacharidy * chemie MeSH
- fosfáty metabolismus MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus MeSH
- vápník chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- algináty * MeSH
- bakteriální polysacharidy * MeSH
- fosfáty MeSH
- hydrogely * MeSH
- indoleacetic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- kyseliny indoloctové MeSH
- vápník MeSH
Tyrosinase is a common crosslinker used in the formation of in situ hydrogels, often resulting in significantly longer gelation times. The rate-determining step for the interconversion between the four discrete states of the enzyme is characterized by a lag phase, which contributes to its slow gelation kinetics. In this study, we report, for the first time, the use of a catalytic amount of iron(II) to produce fast in situ-gellable tyramine-conjugated hyaluronic acid hydrogels (HATA), which are prospectively applicable for nasal drug delivery. We observed gelation times ranging from 886 to 538 seconds, depending on the polymer and enzyme concentrations, irrespective of the pH level tested. The presence of iron(II) significantly reduced the gelation time by an order of magnitude, ranging from 86 seconds to 25.46 seconds, depending on the polymer concentration, pH, and enzyme activity. Based on our findings, we propose a double crosslinking mechanism involving catechol-catechol coupling and catechol-iron(II) complex formation, as evidenced by improvements in the rheological properties of the hydrogels. These novel hydrogels can encapsulate antibodies and provide prolonged release for up to two weeks. Additionally, we confirmed that the crosslinking chemistry did not affect the bioactivity of the antibodies. Given their improved mucoadhesive properties, we envision these hydrogels as promising candidates for the formulation of bioadhesive drug delivery systems.
- MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná chemie MeSH
- tyrosinasa * metabolismus chemie MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- železo * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hydrogely * MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová * MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná MeSH
- tyrosinasa * MeSH
- železo * MeSH
Dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis plays a pivotal role in the accelerated degradation of cartilage, presenting a notable challenge for effective osteoarthritis (OA) treatment and cartilage regeneration. In this study, we introduced an injectable hydrogel based on streamlined-zinc oxide (ZnO), which is responsive to matrix metallopeptidase (MMP), for the delivery of miR-17-5p. This approach aimed to address cartilage damage by regulating ECM homeostasis. The ZnO/miR-17-5p composite functions by releasing zinc ions to attract native bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, thereby fostering ECM synthesis through the proliferation of new chondrocytes. Concurrently, sustained delivery of miR-17-5p targets enzymes responsible for matrix degradation, thereby mitigating the catabolic process. Notably, the unique structure of the streamlined ZnO nanoparticles is distinct from their conventional spherical counterparts, which not only optimizes the rheological and mechanical properties of the hydrogels, but also enhances the efficiency of miR-17-5p transfection. Our male rat model demonstrated that the combination of streamlined ZnO, MMP-responsive hydrogels, and miRNA-based therapy effectively managed the equilibrium between catabolism and anabolism within the ECM, presenting a fresh perspective in the realm of OA treatment.
- MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace * účinky léků MeSH
- chondrocyty metabolismus účinky léků cytologie MeSH
- chrupavka * účinky léků MeSH
- extracelulární matrix * metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- homeostáza účinky léků MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie MeSH
- kloubní chrupavka účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- matrixové metaloproteinasy metabolismus MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- mikro RNA genetika metabolismus MeSH
- osteoartróza terapie patologie MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý chemie MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- regenerace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hydrogely * MeSH
- matrixové metaloproteinasy MeSH
- mikro RNA MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý MeSH
The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of lignin are often emphasized; however, not every type exhibits these properties. In this work, water-soluble fractions of alkali lignin (AL), poly-(caffeyl alcohol) lignin (PCFA), pyrolytic lignin (PL) and grape seed lignin (GSL) were prepared. The original and water-soluble lignin fractions were comprehensively characterized using high-resolution 2D NMR spectroscopy. Notably, water-soluble fractions of PCFA, PL and GSL lignins exhibited 3.6 to 3.9 higher antioxidant activities than the original lignins despite having a phenolic content of approximately 12 % to 55 % lower. Additionally, these fractions demonstrated antimicrobial activities against Micrococcus luteus, Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli. The potential of water-soluble lignin fractions as active modifiers for physically crosslinked hydrogels was also investigated. Specifically, PL/F lignin served as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent for modifying carrageenan without disrupting its viscoelastic and swelling behaviour. Carrageenan hydrogels with 6 % PL/F lignin showed an antioxidant activity of 219.6 mg TE g-1 hydrogel and reduction rates of 43.9 % against M. luteus, 31.6 % against S. marcescens and 20.6 % against E. coli.
- Klíčová slova
- Antibacterial properties, Antioxidant properties, Hydrogel, Lignin, NMR,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie farmakologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- karagenan chemie MeSH
- lignin * chemie farmakologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Micrococcus luteus účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- Serratia marcescens účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky * MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- hydrogely * MeSH
- karagenan MeSH
- lignin * MeSH
Agriculture is an important sector for maintaining environmental sustainability and ensuring global food security. However, the sector faces significant challenges caused by soil degradation, water scarcity, and resource limitations. To overcome the challenges, several studies have shown that innovative materials, including hydrogels, have the ability to improve agricultural practices. Lignin, the sole polyaromatic biopolymer, and the second most abundant biopolymer, has been extensively explored for a wide range of applications. For example, lignin valorization represents a significant issue for lignocellulosic biorefineries as well as the pulp and paper industry. This has led to an increase in interest over the past decade in its utilization to create innovative, advanced smart materials. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the applications, advantages, and possibilities of lignin-based hydrogels in addressing the primary difficulties of contemporary agriculture to increase sustainability. The initial section of the study discussed the introduction of lignin and its isolation methods, followed by an in-depth examination of polymeric hydrogels, encompassing their composition and applications in agriculture. The third section focused on lignin-based hydrogels, detailing preparation procedures for their primary application in agriculture. This study also analyzed the progress in lignin-based hydrogels over the past decade and provided a relevant assessment of the promising material.
- Klíčová slova
- Agricultural applications, Growth stimulator, Lignin, Polymeric hydrogels, Smart material,
- MeSH
- filtrace MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie MeSH
- lignin * chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- poréznost MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná chemie MeSH
- trvale udržitelný rozvoj MeSH
- zemědělství * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hydrogely * MeSH
- lignin * MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná MeSH
Regenerating skin tissue remains a major challenge in medical science, especially due to the risk of scarring and prolonged healing, which becomes even more complicated in people with diabetes. Recent advancements have led to the creation of therapeutic dressings incorporating drug-delivery systems to tackle these issues. Exosomes (Exos) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained significant attention for mediating therapy without directly using cells, thanks to their natural anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties mirroring those of MSCs. In this study, an advanced wound dressing combines chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel with adipose MSCs-derived Exos (ADMSCs-Exos). This composite, formed using a straightforward blending technique, is engineered to improve the healing process of severe skin injuries by steadily releasing Exos as the hydrogel degrades. The in vitro studies demonstrate that this hydrogel-exosome dressing greatly enhances endothelial cell migration, reduces oxidative stress, and promotes angiogenesis, crucial for effective wound healing. Additionally, real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed significant upregulation of key genes involved in these processes, supporting the therapeutic potential of the hydrogel-Exo combination. These findings emphasize the potential of this hydrogel-Exos combination as an innovative and promising solution for advanced wound care.
- Klíčová slova
- angiogenesis, cell migration, chitosan‐polyethylene glycol hydrogel, mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes, wound healing,
- MeSH
- chitosan * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- endoteliální buňky pupečníkové žíly (lidské) metabolismus MeSH
- exozómy * metabolismus chemie MeSH
- hojení ran * účinky léků MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky * metabolismus cytologie MeSH
- pohyb buněk účinky léků MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chitosan * MeSH
- hydrogely * MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly * MeSH
Continuous in vivo monitoring of small molecule biomarkers requires biosensors with reversibility, sensitivity in physiologically relevant ranges, and biological stability. Leveraging the real-time, label-free detection capability of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, a molecularly responsive hydrogel film is introduced to enhance small molecule sensitivity. This advanced biosensing platform utilizes split-aptamer-cross-linked hydrogels (aptagels) engineered using 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) macromers, capable of directly and reversibly detecting vancomycin. Investigation through SPR and optical waveguide mode, along with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring, reveals that the reversible formation of analyte-induced ternary molecular complexes leads to aptagel contraction and significant refractive index changes. Optimization of aptamer cross-link distribution and complementarity of split-aptamer pairs maximizes conformational changes of the aptagel, demonstrating a detection limit of 160-250 nM for vancomycin (6-9 fold improvement over monolayer counterpart) with a broad linear sensing range up to 1 mM. The aptagel maintains stability over 24 h in blood serum and 5 weeks in diluted blood plasma (mimicking interstitial fluid). This structurally responsive aptagel platform with superior stability and sensitivity offers promising avenues for continuous in vivo monitoring of small molecules.
- MeSH
- aptamery nukleotidové * chemie MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky * metody MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrorovnovážné techniky křemenného krystalu MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly chemie MeSH
- povrchová plasmonová rezonance * metody MeSH
- vankomycin * analýza krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aptamery nukleotidové * MeSH
- hydrogely * MeSH
- polyethylenglykoly MeSH
- vankomycin * MeSH
Inspired by the responsiveness of natural systems to their surrounding environments, researchers have sought to understand these biological processes and to develop functional stimuli-responsive polymeric systems for a wide range of applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and regenerative medicine. Both synthetic polymers and biopolymers have been studied and incorporated into assemblies of different morphologies as well as hydrogels with diverse shapes and dimensions. This special issue highlights recent research advances in this area, as well as exciting challenges to be tackled in the upcoming years.
- MeSH
- biopolymery chemie MeSH
- chytré polymery * chemie MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymery * chemie MeSH
- regenerativní lékařství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- úvodní články MeSH
- úvodníky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biopolymery MeSH
- chytré polymery * MeSH
- hydrogely * MeSH
- polymery * MeSH
