To reveal the variation of gut microbiota and its association with immune function in cured patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, gut microbiota of patients discharged from hospital for 20 ~ 23 months and healthy volunteers was analyzed by high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. The diversity and abundance were compared, and the correlation with immunity factors was investigated, and changes in the content of 6 genera microorganisms with proportion higher than 0.1% were revealed in patients with COVID-19 disease: reduced content of Subdoligranulum, Haemophilus, Coprococcus, Eubacterium vertriosum group, and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group and increased content of Hungatella. NK cells were negatively correlated to Subdoligranulum, while CD8 cells were positively correlated to Subdoligranulum but negative to Hungatella. IL-8 concentration was negatively correlated to Subdoligranulum, Haemophilus, Coprococcus, Eubacterium vertriosum group, and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group but positively to Hungatella, while IL-1β concentration was negatively correlated to Haemophilus and Eubacterium ventriosum group but positively to Hungatella. The variation of probiotics and potential pathogenic bacteria implies a higher risk in diseases and inflammation, and the modulation of the gut microbiota may help the healing of COVID-19 patients.

• Klíčová slova
• 16S rRNA, COVID-19, Gut microbiota, Immune function, Variation,
• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• buňky NK imunologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 * imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• interleukin-8 MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• interleukin-8 MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S * MeSH

Inflammation is a mediator of a number of chronic pathologies. We synthesized the diethyl (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylphosphonate, called NKS3, which decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) not only in primary intraperitoneal and lung alveolar macrophages, but also in freshly isolated mice lung slices. The in-silico studies suggested that NKS3, being CD36 agonist, will bind to GPR120. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays demonstrated that NKS3 induced protein-protein interaction of CD36 with GPR120in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Furthermore, NKS3, via GPR120, decreased LPS-induced activation of TAB1/TAK1/JNK pathway and the LPS-induced mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in RAW 264.7 cells. In the acute lung injury model, NKS3 decreased lung fibrosis and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) production in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. NKS3 exerted a protective effect on LPS-induced remodeling of kidney and liver, and reduced circulating IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations. In a septic shock model, NKS3 gavage decreased significantly the LPS-induced mortality in mice. In the last, NKS3 decreased neuroinflammation in diet-induced obese mice. Altogether, these results suggest that NKS3 is a novel anti-inflammatory agent that could be used, in the future, for the treatment of inflammation-associated pathologies.

• Klíčová slova
• Fat, Inflammation, Lipids, Lipopolysaccharide, Taste buds,
• MeSH
• antiflogistika farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antigeny CD36 genetika   MeSH
• cytokiny genetika   MeSH
• endotoxemie * chemicky indukované   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta genetika   MeSH
• interleukin-6 genetika   MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy toxicita   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• myši MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiflogistika MeSH
• antigeny CD36 MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH

Matrine is an active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine that has been shown to be effective in treating bone disorders. The anti-osteoarthritis (OA) effects of matrine were assessed using both in in vitro and in vivo systems, and the mechanisms underlying the effects were investigated by focusing on the activity of miR-29b-3p/PGRN axis. The miR was chosen as potential target for matrine after chondrocytes were treated with both IL-1? and matrine. Changes in cell viability, cell apoptosis, inflammation, and miR-29b-3p/PGRN axis were detected. In vitro assays results were validated using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat models. Incubation with IL-1? reduced cell viability, induced cell apoptosis, and inhibited production of cytokines in chondrocytes, which was associated with the up-regulation of miR-29b-3p and down-regulation of PGRN. In CIA rats, matrine reduced bone destruction and weight loss in a dose-dependent manner. Matrine also reduced the systemic levels of cytokines. At the molecular level, matrine inhibited the expression of miR-29b-3p while increasing the expression of PGRN. The findings outlined in the current study showed that matrine exerted its anti-OA effects by modulating the miR-29b-3p/PGRN axis.

• MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• interleukin-1 farmakologie   MeSH
• kolagen MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• matriny MeSH
• mikro RNA * metabolismus   MeSH
• osteoartróza * farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Sophora flavescens MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• interleukin-1 MeSH
• kolagen MeSH
• matriny MeSH
• mikro RNA * MeSH

A host's immune system can be invaded by mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) poisoning and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections, which affect the host's natural immune function. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, are important regulators in the process of natural immune response, which participate in inflammatory response and enhance immune-mediated tissue damage. Preliminary studies have shown that DON promotes PCV2 infection by activating the MAPK signaling pathway. Here, we explored whether the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6, induced by the combination of DON and PCV2, would depend on the MAPK signaling pathway. Specific pharmacological antagonists U0126, SP600125 and SB203580, were used to inhibit the activities of ERK, JNK and p38 in the MAPK signaling pathway, respectively. Then, the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in PK-15 cells was detected to explore the effect of the MAPK signaling pathway on IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA induced by DON and PCV2. The results showed that PK-15 cells treated with DON or PCV2 induced the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The combination of DON and PCV2 has an additive effect on inducing the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6. Additionally, both DON and PCV2 could induce the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 via the ERK and the p38 MAPK signal pathways, while PCV2 could induce it via the JNK signal pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that MAPKs play a contributory role in IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression when induced by both DON and PCV2.

• Klíčová slova
• IL-1β, IL-6, MAPK, PCV2, deoxynivalenol,
• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• Circovirus * MeSH
• infekce viry čeledi Circoviridae genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta genetika   MeSH
• interleukin-6 genetika   MeSH
• MAP kinasový signální systém účinky léků   MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• trichotheceny toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• deoxynivalenol MeSH Prohlížeč
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• trichotheceny MeSH

Neutrophils impact on processes preceding the formation of bradykinin, a major swelling mediator in hereditary angioedema (HAE), yet their potential role in HAE pathogenesis has not been sufficiently studied. We assessed the relative mRNA expression of 10 genes related to neutrophil activation using RNA extracted from the peripheral blood neutrophils of 23 HAE patients in a symptom-free period and 39 healthy donors. Increased relative mRNA expression levels of CD274, IL1B, IL1RN, IL8, MMP9, and TLR4, together with a lack in their mutual correlations detected in HAE patients compared to healthy controls, suggested a preactivated state and dysregulation of patients' neutrophils. Patients' neutrophil-alerted state was further supported by increased CD11b, decreased CD16 plasma membrane deposition, and increased relative CD274+ and CD87+ neutrophil counts, but not by increased neutrophil elastase or myeloperoxidase plasma levels. As CD274 mediates inhibitory signals to different immune cells, neutrophils were cocultured with T-cells/PBMC. The decrease in CD25+ and IFN-γ + T-cell/PBMC ratio in patients indicated the patients' neutrophil suppressive functions. In summary, the results showed neutrophils' alerted state and dysregulation at the transcript level in patients with HAE types I and II even in a symptom-free period, which might make them more susceptible to edema formation. Neutrophils' T-cell suppressive capacity in HAE patients needs to be further investigated.

• MeSH
• antagonista receptoru pro interleukin 1 metabolismus   MeSH
• antigeny CD11b metabolismus   MeSH
• antigeny CD274 metabolismus   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• hereditární angioedém, typy I a II metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-8 metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• leukocyty mononukleární metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 9 metabolismus   MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neutrofily metabolismus   MeSH
• pankreatická elastasa krev   MeSH
• peroxidasa krev   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• receptory IgG metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory urokinázového aktivátoru plazminogenu metabolismus   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 4 metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antagonista receptoru pro interleukin 1 MeSH
• antigeny CD11b MeSH
• antigeny CD274 MeSH
• IL1B protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• IL1RN protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• interleukin-8 MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 9 MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• pankreatická elastasa MeSH
• peroxidasa MeSH
• receptory IgG MeSH
• receptory urokinázového aktivátoru plazminogenu MeSH
• toll-like receptor 4 MeSH

BACKGROUND: An emerging metabolic theory of pulmonary hypertension (PH) suggests that cellular and mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction underlies the pathology of this disease. We and others have previously demonstrated the existence of hyperproliferative, apoptosis-resistant, proinflammatory adventitial fibroblasts from human and bovine hypertensive pulmonary arterial walls (PH-Fibs) that exhibit constitutive reprogramming of glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, accompanied by an increased ratio of glucose catabolism through glycolysis versus the tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, the mechanisms responsible for these metabolic alterations in PH-Fibs remain unknown. We hypothesized that in PH-Fibs microRNA-124 (miR-124) regulates PTBP1 (polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1) expression to control alternative splicing of pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM) isoforms 1 and 2, resulting in an increased PKM2/PKM1 ratio, which promotes glycolysis and proliferation even in aerobic environments. METHODS: Pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts were isolated from calves and humans with severe PH (PH-Fibs) and from normal subjects. PTBP1 gene knockdown was achieved via PTBP1-siRNA; restoration of miR-124 was performed with miR-124 mimic. TEPP-46 and shikonin were used to manipulate PKM2 glycolytic function. Histone deacetylase inhibitors were used to treat cells. Metabolic products were determined by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analyses, and mitochondrial function was analyzed by confocal microscopy and spectrofluorometry. RESULTS: We detected an increased PKM2/PKM1 ratio in PH-Fibs compared with normal subjects. PKM2 inhibition reversed the glycolytic status of PH-Fibs, decreased their cell proliferation, and attenuated macrophage interleukin-1β expression. Furthermore, normalizing the PKM2/PKM1 ratio in PH-Fibs by miR-124 overexpression or PTBP1 knockdown reversed the glycolytic phenotype (decreased the production of glycolytic intermediates and byproducts, ie, lactate), rescued mitochondrial reprogramming, and decreased cell proliferation. Pharmacological manipulation of PKM2 activity with TEPP-46 and shikonin or treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors produced similar results. CONCLUSIONS: In PH, miR-124, through the alternative splicing factor PTBP1, regulates the PKM2/PKM1 ratio, the overall metabolic, proliferative, and inflammatory state of cells. This PH phenotype can be rescued with interventions at various levels of the metabolic cascade. These findings suggest a more integrated view of vascular cell metabolism, which may open unique therapeutic prospects in targeting the dynamic glycolytic and mitochondrial interactions and between mesenchymal inflammatory cells in PH.

• Klíčová slova
• TEEP-46, hypoxia, metabolism, mitochondria, pyruvate kinase, shikonin, splicing factors,
• MeSH
• alternativní sestřih MeSH
• antagomiry metabolismus   MeSH
• cévní endotel cytologie   MeSH
• fibroblasty cytologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• glykolýza MeSH
• heterogenní jaderné ribonukleoproteiny antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory histondeacetylas farmakologie   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makrofágy cytologie   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikro RNA antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• naftochinony farmakologie   MeSH
• plicní hypertenze metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• protein - isoformy antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• protein vázající polypyrimidinové úseky RNA antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• pyruvátkinasa antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• RNA interference MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antagomiry MeSH
• heterogenní jaderné ribonukleoproteiny MeSH
• inhibitory histondeacetylas MeSH
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• mikro RNA MeSH
• MIRN124 microRNA, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• naftochinony MeSH
• protein - isoformy MeSH
• protein vázající polypyrimidinové úseky RNA MeSH
• PTBP1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• pyruvátkinasa MeSH
• shikonin MeSH Prohlížeč

One purpose of the EC funded project, SPIDIA, is to develop evidence-based quality guidelines for the pre-analytical handling of blood samples for RNA molecular testing. To this end, two pan-European External Quality Assessments (EQAs) were implemented. Here we report the results of the second SPIDIA-RNA EQA. This second study included modifications in the protocol related to the blood collection process, the shipping conditions and pre-analytical specimen handling for participants. Participating laboratories received two identical proficiency blood specimens collected in tubes with or without an RNA stabilizer. For pre-defined specimen storage times and temperatures, laboratories were asked to perform RNA extraction from whole blood according to their usual procedure and to return extracted RNA to the SPIDIA facility for further analysis. These RNA samples were evaluated for purity, yield, integrity, stability, presence of interfering substances, and gene expression levels for the validated markers of RNA stability: FOS, IL1B, IL8, GAPDH, FOSB and TNFRSF10c. Analysis of the gene expression results of FOS, IL8, FOSB, and TNFRSF10c, however, indicated that the levels of these transcripts were significantly affected by blood collection tube type and storage temperature. These results demonstrated that only blood collection tubes containing a cellular RNA stabilizer allowed reliable gene expression analysis within 48 h from blood collection for all the genes investigated. The results of these two EQAs have been proposed for use in the development of a Technical Specification by the European Committee for Standardization.

• MeSH
• GPI-vázané proteiny genetika   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odběr vzorku krve metody   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos genetika   MeSH
• receptory faktorů nádorové nekrózy - člen 10c MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• RNA krev   genetika   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• TNF decoy receptory genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• FOSB protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• GPI-vázané proteiny MeSH
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos MeSH
• receptory faktorů nádorové nekrózy - člen 10c MeSH
• RNA MeSH
• TNF decoy receptory MeSH
• TNFRSF10C protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

Glucocorticoids exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects that may be regulated in part by the activities of the glucocorticoid-activating and -inactivating enzymes, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11HSD1) and type 2 (11HSD2), respectively. Previous studies have demonstrated that inflammatory bowel diseases in humans and experimental animals upregulate 11HSD1 and downregulate 11HSD2. We investigated whether proinflammatory cytokines modulate colonic 11HSDs as well as whether lymphoid organs exhibit any 11HSD response to inflammation. Colon tissue explants exposed to tumor necrosis factor α exhibited an upregulation of 11HSD1 mRNA whereas interleukin 1β downregulated 11HSD2 mRNA. Experimental colitis induced by the intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid stimulated 11HSD1 activity not only in the colon but also in mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen. Analysis of mRNA for 11HSD1 in colon-draining lymph nodes and the spleen showed that inflammation upregulates the expression of this enzyme in mobile lymphoid cells similar to the intraepithelial and lamina propria leukocytes isolated from the colon. It is inferred that inflammation stimulates the reactivation of glucocorticoids in lymphoid organs and in gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

• MeSH
• 11-beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenasa typ 1 biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta farmakologie   MeSH
• kolitida chemicky indukované   enzymologie   MeSH
• kolon účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyselina trinitrobenzensulfonová farmakologie   MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny enzymologie   MeSH
• messenger RNA biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• mezenterium MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• slezina enzymologie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa farmakologie   MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 11-beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenasa typ 1 MeSH
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• kyselina trinitrobenzensulfonová MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH

We studied anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests in male Lewis rats on days 2 and 4 of adjuvant arthritis (AA). In plasma we analyzed C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, ACTH, corticosterone, in the hippocampus the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), corticotrophin releasing factor (CRH), NADPH oxidases NOX1 and NOX2, and inducible NO-synthase (iNOS). EPM tests showed a higher anxiety index in AA rats on days 2 and 4 and reduction of total entries. On days 2 and 4 we found reduced plasma albumin, enhanced CRP, ACTH and corticosterone, and in the hippocampus enhanced mRNA for NOX1 and IL-1β in AA rats, on day 4 we found enhanced mRNAs for iNOS and IL-6, and reduced mRNA for CRH. The mRNA for NOX2 did not change on any experimental day. These results suggest enhanced anxiety, as well as locomotor impairment during the early phase of AA that correlate with enhanced mRNA expressions of parameters of oxidative stress NOX1, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in the hippocampus.

• MeSH
• artritida experimentální komplikace   metabolismus   psychologie   MeSH
• bludiště - učení fyziologie   MeSH
• hipokampus metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta biosyntéza   MeSH
• interleukin-6 biosyntéza   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• messenger RNA biosyntéza   MeSH
• NADH, NADPH oxidoreduktasy biosyntéza   MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasa 1 MeSH
• potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ II biosyntéza   MeSH
• úzkost komplikace   metabolismus   psychologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• NADH, NADPH oxidoreduktasy MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasa 1 MeSH
• Nos2 protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
• NOX1 protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ II MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, pain, anorexia, and cognitive changes. The enhanced production of cytokines appears before the full manifestation of the disease. So far, any experimental data on behavioral effects of early arthritis are lacking. In the present series we describe anorexia early changes in, pain hyper-sensitivity and altered cognitive behavior during the first four days of adjuvant arthritis in rats (AA), when no clinical signs are yet apparent. METHODS: AA was induced to male Lewis rats by a single injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (cFA) at the base of the tail. Plasma leptin and ghrelin were measured using specific RIA methods. Gene expressions for food-regulatory peptides, neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei (nARC), were quantitated by TaqMan real-time PCR. Pain sensation was measured on all four limbs and tail by the plantar test. Cognitive functions were tested in the Morris water maze (MWM). RESULTS: Levels of orexigenic ghrelin as well as mRNA expression of orexigenic NPY in nucleus arcuatus (nRC)re significantly enhanced on day 2 of AA only. Reduced body weight and food intake persisted by day 4 with the most profound reduction on day 2. The mRNA for anorexigenic IL-1β in the nARC was significantly enhanced on days 2 and 4. Enhanced pain sensitivity was observed on day 2, as was the cognitive impairment given by longer time to find the hidden platform, longer time spent in thigmotaxis zone, and longer trajectory. The less effective strategy used to find the hidden platform was observed up to the day 4 of AA. CONCLUSIONS: Early stage of AA brings about reduced body weight, food intake, and activation of central orexigenic pathways. The observed anorexia could be ascribed to the over-expression of anorexigenic IL-1β which dominates over the NPY orexigenic effects. On day 2 of AA higher pain sensitivity and cognitive impairment appear. All the observed change tend to recover by day 4 of the disease.

• MeSH
• artritida experimentální komplikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• ghrelin krev   MeSH
• hyperalgezie etiologie   MeSH
• interleukin-1beta genetika   MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy etiologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• leptin krev   MeSH
• messenger RNA analýza   MeSH
• nechutenství etiologie   MeSH
• neuropeptid Y genetika   MeSH
• nucleus arcuatus hypothalami chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ghrelin MeSH
• interleukin-1beta MeSH
• leptin MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• neuropeptid Y MeSH