Biomechanics is one of the branches of science contributing significantly not only to increasing our knowledge of the development of living systems but also to our understanding of the relevant laws of mechanics and their mechanical functions. Important anatomical and biomechanical data as related to the individual functions of the organism and their biomechanical significance are focussed on in this publication. The locomotor and circulatory apparatus and the identification of the mechanical properties of living tissue and materials used in osteosynthesis and alloarthroplasty are among the fields covered. The phenomena observed in the cardiovascular system are described using the basic equation of motion of viscous fluids. Suitable hydraulic models are proposed for investigation and testing of vascular grafts, artificial cardiac valves and artificial heart. Important research data are presented about biomechanical structures of the locomotoric apparatus, and joint rheology. A section is included presenting the fundamentals of the biomechanical analysis in criminology and in bioballistics.