One of a series of books based on conferences sponsored by the Harvard AIDS Institute. These conferences on human retroviral gene regulation bring together more than 30 specialists from the National Institutes of Health, the Salk Institute and other research centres to synthesize the results of their research and refine the model of the HIV life cycle at the molecular level. This first volume examines the control of gene expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the human T cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV -1 and 2), and related retroviruses. The book presents new research, much of it previously unpublished. A major focus of this volume is the regulation of HIV -1 replication by the HIV -1 regulatory proteins tat and rev.