More than five percent of the genes in higher eukaryotic genomes encode enzymes that posttranslationally modify proteins, greatly expanding the complexity and diversity of proteomes. This book examines the molecular logic of the major types of covalent modifications of proteins and their biological consequences.

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Protein phosphorylation by protein kinases -- Sulfuryl transfers: action of protein sulfotransferases and aryl sulfatases -- Modifications of cysteine and methionine by oxidation-reduction -- Protein methylation -- Protein N-acetylation -- Protein lipidation -- Proteolytic posttranslational modification of proteins -- Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein tags -- Protein glycosylation -- ADP ribosylation of proteins from NAD as donor -- Posttranslational hydroxylation of proteins -- Protein automodification reactions -- Swinging arms for biotin, lipoate, and phosphopantetheine tethering to proteins -- Protein carboxylation and amidation -- Diversification of proteomes.