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A migration-driven model for the historical spread of leprosy in medieval Eastern and Central Europe
HD. Donoghue, G. Michael Taylor, A. Marcsik, E. Molnár, G. Pálfi, I. Pap, M. Teschler-Nicola, R. Pinhasi, YS. Erdal, P. Velemínsky, J. Likovsky, MG. Belcastro, V. Mariotti, A. Riga, M. Rubini, P. Zaio, GS. Besra, OY. Lee, HH. Wu, DE. Minnikin,...
Jazyk angličtina Země Nizozemsko
Typ dokumentu historické články, časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem
- MeSH
- dějiny středověku MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lepra epidemiologie dějiny přenos MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- migrace lidstva * MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Mycobacterium leprae genetika MeSH
- paleopatologie MeSH
- statistické modely * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny středověku MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Leprosy was rare in Europe during the Roman period, yet its prevalence increased dramatically in medieval times. We examined human remains, with paleopathological lesions indicative of leprosy, dated to the 6th-11th century AD, from Central and Eastern Europe and Byzantine Anatolia. Analysis of ancient DNA and bacterial cell wall lipid biomarkers revealed Mycobacterium leprae in skeletal remains from 6th-8th century Northern Italy, 7th-11th century Hungary, 8th-9th century Austria, the Slavic Greater Moravian Empire of the 9th-10th century and 8th-10th century Byzantine samples from Northern Anatolia. These data were analyzed alongside findings published by others. M. leprae is an obligate human pathogen that has undergone an evolutionary bottleneck followed by clonal expansion. Therefore M. leprae genotypes and sub-genotypes give information about the human populations they have infected and their migration. Although data are limited, genotyping demonstrates that historical M. leprae from Byzantine Anatolia, Eastern and Central Europe resembles modern strains in Asia Minor rather than the recently characterized historical strains from North West Europe. The westward migration of peoples from Central Asia in the first millennium may have introduced different M. leprae strains into medieval Europe and certainly would have facilitated the spread of any existing leprosy. The subsequent decline of M. leprae in Europe may be due to increased host resistance. However, molecular evidence of historical leprosy and tuberculosis co-infections suggests that death from tuberculosis in leprosy patients was also a factor.
Anthropological Service of S B A L Rome Italy
Centre for Clinical Microbiology Division of Infection and Immunity University College London UK
Centro Fermi Piazza del Viminale 1 00184 Rome Italy
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology Sackler Medical School Tel Aviv University Israel
Department of Anthropology Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
Department of Anthropology National Museum Prague Czech Republic
Department of Anthropology Natural History Museum Budapest Hungary
Department of Anthropology Natural History Museum Vienna Austria
Department of Archaeology Foggia University Tivoli Italy
Department of Biological Anthropology University of Szeged Hungary
Organic Geochemistry Unit School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol UK
School of Archaeology and Earth Institute Belfield University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
Citace poskytuje Crossref.org
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- $a Donoghue, Helen D $u Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK. Electronic address: h.donoghue@ucl.ac.uk.
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- $a Leprosy was rare in Europe during the Roman period, yet its prevalence increased dramatically in medieval times. We examined human remains, with paleopathological lesions indicative of leprosy, dated to the 6th-11th century AD, from Central and Eastern Europe and Byzantine Anatolia. Analysis of ancient DNA and bacterial cell wall lipid biomarkers revealed Mycobacterium leprae in skeletal remains from 6th-8th century Northern Italy, 7th-11th century Hungary, 8th-9th century Austria, the Slavic Greater Moravian Empire of the 9th-10th century and 8th-10th century Byzantine samples from Northern Anatolia. These data were analyzed alongside findings published by others. M. leprae is an obligate human pathogen that has undergone an evolutionary bottleneck followed by clonal expansion. Therefore M. leprae genotypes and sub-genotypes give information about the human populations they have infected and their migration. Although data are limited, genotyping demonstrates that historical M. leprae from Byzantine Anatolia, Eastern and Central Europe resembles modern strains in Asia Minor rather than the recently characterized historical strains from North West Europe. The westward migration of peoples from Central Asia in the first millennium may have introduced different M. leprae strains into medieval Europe and certainly would have facilitated the spread of any existing leprosy. The subsequent decline of M. leprae in Europe may be due to increased host resistance. However, molecular evidence of historical leprosy and tuberculosis co-infections suggests that death from tuberculosis in leprosy patients was also a factor.
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