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Toxic potential of palytoxin
J. Patocka, RC. Gupta, QH. Wu, K. Kuca,
Language English Country Taiwan
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review
- MeSH
- Acrylamides chemistry isolation & purification toxicity MeSH
- Dinoflagellida pathogenicity physiology MeSH
- Haplorhini MeSH
- Anthozoa pathogenicity physiology MeSH
- Rabbits MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Lethal Dose 50 MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Guinea Pigs MeSH
- Seaweed pathogenicity physiology MeSH
- Marine Toxins chemistry isolation & purification toxicity MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Shellfish Poisoning physiopathology MeSH
- Dogs MeSH
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rabbits MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Guinea Pigs MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Dogs MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
This review briefly describes the origin, chemistry, molecular mechanism of action, pharmacology, toxicology, and ecotoxicology of palytoxin and its analogues. Palytoxin and its analogues are produced by marine dinoflagellates. Palytoxin is also produced by Zoanthids (i.e. Palythoa), and Cyanobacteria (Trichodesmium). Palytoxin is a very large, non-proteinaceous molecule with a complex chemical structure having both lipophilic and hydrophilic moieties. Palytoxin is one of the most potent marine toxins with an LD50 of 150 ng/kg body weight in mice exposed intravenously. Pharmacological and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that palytoxin acts as a hemolysin and alters the function of excitable cells through multiple mechanisms of action. Palytoxin selectively binds to Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase with a Kd of 20 pM and transforms the pump into a channel permeable to monovalent cations with a single-channel conductance of 10 pS. This mechanism of action could have multiple effects on cells. Evaluation of palytoxin toxicity using various animal models revealed that palytoxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin following an intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous or intratracheal route of exposure. Palytoxin also causes non-lethal, yet serious toxic effects following dermal or ocular exposure. Most incidents of palytoxin poisoning have manifested after oral intake of contaminated seafood. Poisonings in humans have also been noted after inhalation, cutaneous/systemic exposures with direct contact of aerosolized seawater during Ostreopsis blooms and/or through maintaining aquaria containing Cnidarian zoanthids. Palytoxin has a strong potential for toxicity in humans and animals, and currently this toxin is of great concern worldwide.
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a Patocka, Jiří $u University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Department of Radiology and Toxicology, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic. toxicology@toxicology.cz. Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic. toxicology@toxicology.cz.
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- $a Toxic potential of palytoxin / $c J. Patocka, RC. Gupta, QH. Wu, K. Kuca,
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- $a This review briefly describes the origin, chemistry, molecular mechanism of action, pharmacology, toxicology, and ecotoxicology of palytoxin and its analogues. Palytoxin and its analogues are produced by marine dinoflagellates. Palytoxin is also produced by Zoanthids (i.e. Palythoa), and Cyanobacteria (Trichodesmium). Palytoxin is a very large, non-proteinaceous molecule with a complex chemical structure having both lipophilic and hydrophilic moieties. Palytoxin is one of the most potent marine toxins with an LD50 of 150 ng/kg body weight in mice exposed intravenously. Pharmacological and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that palytoxin acts as a hemolysin and alters the function of excitable cells through multiple mechanisms of action. Palytoxin selectively binds to Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase with a Kd of 20 pM and transforms the pump into a channel permeable to monovalent cations with a single-channel conductance of 10 pS. This mechanism of action could have multiple effects on cells. Evaluation of palytoxin toxicity using various animal models revealed that palytoxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin following an intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous or intratracheal route of exposure. Palytoxin also causes non-lethal, yet serious toxic effects following dermal or ocular exposure. Most incidents of palytoxin poisoning have manifested after oral intake of contaminated seafood. Poisonings in humans have also been noted after inhalation, cutaneous/systemic exposures with direct contact of aerosolized seawater during Ostreopsis blooms and/or through maintaining aquaria containing Cnidarian zoanthids. Palytoxin has a strong potential for toxicity in humans and animals, and currently this toxin is of great concern worldwide.
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- $a Gupta, Ramesh C $u Toxicology Department, Murray State University, Hopkinsville, 42071, USA.
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- $a Wu, Qing-hua $u College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China. wqh212@hotmail.com. Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic. wqh212@hotmail.com.
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- $a Kuca, Kamil $u Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic. kamil.kuca@fnhk.cz. Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic. kamil.kuca@fnhk.cz.
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