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A putative ATP/GTP binding protein affects Leishmania mexicana growth in insect vectors and vertebrate hosts

A. Ishemgulova, N. Kraeva, J. Hlaváčová, SL. Zimmer, A. Butenko, L. Podešvová, T. Leštinová, J. Lukeš, A. Kostygov, J. Votýpka, P. Volf, V. Yurchenko,

. 2017 ; 11 (7) : e0005782. [pub] 20170724

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc17030670

BACKGROUND: Leishmania virulence factors responsible for the complicated epidemiology of the various leishmaniases remain mainly unidentified. This study is a characterization of a gene previously identified as upregulated in two of three overlapping datasets containing putative factors important for Leishmania's ability to establish mammalian intracellular infection and to colonize the gut of an insect vector. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The investigated gene encodes ATP/GTP binding motif-containing protein related to Leishmania development 1 (ALD1), a cytosolic protein that contains a cryptic ATP/GTP binding P-loop. We compared differentiation, growth rates, and infective abilities of wild-type and ALD1 null mutant cell lines of L. mexicana. Loss of ALD1 results in retarded growth kinetics but not defects in differentiation in axenic culture. Similarly, when mice and the sand fly vector were infected with the ALD1 null mutant, the primary difference in infection and colonization phenotype relative to wild type was an inability to achieve maximal host pathogenicity. While ability of the ALD1 null mutant cells to infect macrophages in vitro was not affected, replication within macrophages was clearly curtailed. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: L. mexicana ALD1, encoding a protein with no assigned functional domains or motifs, was identified utilizing multiple comparative analyses with the related and often experimentally overlooked monoxenous flagellates. We found that it plays a role in Leishmania infection and colonization in vitro and in vivo. Results suggest that ALD1 functions in L. mexicana's general metabolic network, rather than function in specific aspect of virulence as anticipated from the compared datasets. This result validates our comparative genomics approach for finding relevant factors, yet highlights the importance of quality laboratory-based analysis of genes tagged by these methods.

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$a A putative ATP/GTP binding protein affects Leishmania mexicana growth in insect vectors and vertebrate hosts / $c A. Ishemgulova, N. Kraeva, J. Hlaváčová, SL. Zimmer, A. Butenko, L. Podešvová, T. Leštinová, J. Lukeš, A. Kostygov, J. Votýpka, P. Volf, V. Yurchenko,
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$a BACKGROUND: Leishmania virulence factors responsible for the complicated epidemiology of the various leishmaniases remain mainly unidentified. This study is a characterization of a gene previously identified as upregulated in two of three overlapping datasets containing putative factors important for Leishmania's ability to establish mammalian intracellular infection and to colonize the gut of an insect vector. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The investigated gene encodes ATP/GTP binding motif-containing protein related to Leishmania development 1 (ALD1), a cytosolic protein that contains a cryptic ATP/GTP binding P-loop. We compared differentiation, growth rates, and infective abilities of wild-type and ALD1 null mutant cell lines of L. mexicana. Loss of ALD1 results in retarded growth kinetics but not defects in differentiation in axenic culture. Similarly, when mice and the sand fly vector were infected with the ALD1 null mutant, the primary difference in infection and colonization phenotype relative to wild type was an inability to achieve maximal host pathogenicity. While ability of the ALD1 null mutant cells to infect macrophages in vitro was not affected, replication within macrophages was clearly curtailed. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: L. mexicana ALD1, encoding a protein with no assigned functional domains or motifs, was identified utilizing multiple comparative analyses with the related and often experimentally overlooked monoxenous flagellates. We found that it plays a role in Leishmania infection and colonization in vitro and in vivo. Results suggest that ALD1 functions in L. mexicana's general metabolic network, rather than function in specific aspect of virulence as anticipated from the compared datasets. This result validates our comparative genomics approach for finding relevant factors, yet highlights the importance of quality laboratory-based analysis of genes tagged by these methods.
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$a Kraeva, Natalya $u Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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$a Hlaváčová, Jana $u Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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$a Zimmer, Sara L $u Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, United States of America.
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$a Butenko, Anzhelika $u Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budejovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.
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$a Podešvová, Lucie $u Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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$a Leštinová, Tereza $u Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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$a Lukeš, Julius $u Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budejovice (Budweis), Czech Republic. University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Sciences, České Budejovice (Budweis), Czech Republic. Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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$a Kostygov, Alexei Yu $u Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. $7 xx0332796
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$a Votýpka, Jan $u Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budejovice (Budweis), Czech Republic. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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$a Volf, Petr $u Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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$a Yurchenko, Vyacheslav $u Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budejovice (Budweis), Czech Republic. Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
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