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No measurable adverse effects of Lassa, Morogoro and Gairo arenaviruses on their rodent reservoir host in natural conditions

J. Mariën, B. Borremans, S. Gryseels, B. Soropogui, L. De Bruyn, GN. Bongo, B. Becker-Ziaja, JG. de Bellocq, S. Günther, N. Magassouba, H. Leirs, E. Fichet-Calvet,

. 2017 ; 10 (1) : 210. [pub] 20170427

Language English Country Great Britain

Document type Journal Article

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc18010627

BACKGROUND: In order to optimize net transmission success, parasites are hypothesized to evolve towards causing minimal damage to their reservoir host while obtaining high shedding rates. For many parasite species however this paradigm has not been tested, and conflicting results have been found regarding the effect of arenaviruses on their rodent host species. The rodent Mastomys natalensis is the natural reservoir host of several arenaviruses, including Lassa virus that is known to cause Lassa haemorrhagic fever in humans. Here, we examined the effect of three arenaviruses (Gairo, Morogoro and Lassa virus) on four parameters of wild-caught Mastomys natalensis: body mass, head-body length, sexual maturity and fertility. After correcting for the effect of age, we compared these parameters between arenavirus-positive (arenavirus RNA or antibody) and negative animals using data from different field studies in Guinea (Lassa virus) and Tanzania (Morogoro and Gairo viruses). RESULTS: Although the sample sizes of our studies (1297, 749 and 259 animals respectively) were large enough to statistically detect small differences in body conditions, we did not observe any adverse effects of these viruses on Mastomys natalensis. We did find that sexual maturity was significantly positively related with Lassa virus antibody presence until a certain age, and with Gairo virus antibody presence in general. Gairo virus antibody-positive animals were also significantly heavier and larger than antibody-free animals. CONCLUSION: Together, these results suggest that the pathogenicity of arenaviruses is not severe in M. natalensis, which is likely to be an adaptation of these viruses to optimize transmission success. They also suggest that sexual behaviour might increase the probability of M. natalensis to become infected with arenaviruses.

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$a BACKGROUND: In order to optimize net transmission success, parasites are hypothesized to evolve towards causing minimal damage to their reservoir host while obtaining high shedding rates. For many parasite species however this paradigm has not been tested, and conflicting results have been found regarding the effect of arenaviruses on their rodent host species. The rodent Mastomys natalensis is the natural reservoir host of several arenaviruses, including Lassa virus that is known to cause Lassa haemorrhagic fever in humans. Here, we examined the effect of three arenaviruses (Gairo, Morogoro and Lassa virus) on four parameters of wild-caught Mastomys natalensis: body mass, head-body length, sexual maturity and fertility. After correcting for the effect of age, we compared these parameters between arenavirus-positive (arenavirus RNA or antibody) and negative animals using data from different field studies in Guinea (Lassa virus) and Tanzania (Morogoro and Gairo viruses). RESULTS: Although the sample sizes of our studies (1297, 749 and 259 animals respectively) were large enough to statistically detect small differences in body conditions, we did not observe any adverse effects of these viruses on Mastomys natalensis. We did find that sexual maturity was significantly positively related with Lassa virus antibody presence until a certain age, and with Gairo virus antibody presence in general. Gairo virus antibody-positive animals were also significantly heavier and larger than antibody-free animals. CONCLUSION: Together, these results suggest that the pathogenicity of arenaviruses is not severe in M. natalensis, which is likely to be an adaptation of these viruses to optimize transmission success. They also suggest that sexual behaviour might increase the probability of M. natalensis to become infected with arenaviruses.
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$a Borremans, Benny $u Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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$a Gryseels, Sophie $u Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
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$a Soropogui, Barré $u Projet des Fièvre Hémorragiques en Guinée, Hôpital Donka, Conakry, Guinea.
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$a Bongo, Gédéon Ngiala $u Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany. Department of Biology, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box. 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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$a Becker-Ziaja, Beate $u Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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$a de Bellocq, Joëlle Goüy $u Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Research Facility Studenec, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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$a Günther, Stephan $u Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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$a Magassouba, N'Faly $u Projet des Fièvre Hémorragiques en Guinée, Hôpital Donka, Conakry, Guinea.
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$a Leirs, Herwig $u Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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$a Fichet-Calvet, Elisabeth $u Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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