Like other organisms, ants require suitable microclimatic conditions for their development. Thus, ant species inhabiting colder climates build nest mounds that rise above the soil surface, presumably to obtain heating from solar radiation. Although some ant species construct mounds of organic materials, which generate substantial heat due to microbial metabolism, Lasius flavus mounds consists mostly of soil, not organic material. The use of artificial shading in the current study demonstrated that L. flavus depends on direct solar radiation to regulate the temperature in its mound-like nests. Temperatures were much lower in shaded mounds than in unshaded mounds and were likely low enough in shaded mounds to reduce ant development and reproduction. In areas where L. flavus and similar ants are undesirable, they might be managed by shading.

Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Department of Forest Protection and Entomology Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamycka 1176 16521 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Forestry and Game Management Research Institute Strnady 136 252 02 Jíloviště Czech Republic Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Department of Forest Protection and Entomology Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamycka 1176 16521 Prague 6 Czech Republic

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