- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity therapy MeSH
- Asthma therapy MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microclimate MeSH
- Respiratory Tract Diseases rehabilitation therapy MeSH
- Speleotherapy * methods trends MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
Plantation forests with timber production as the major function are highly fragmented and disturbed regarding the tree species composition and stand area. Their closed canopies also have different microclimatic conditions compared with better studied conservation areas. We studied three beetle families (click, longhorn, and rove beetles) with different ecological demands in lowland plantation forests dominated by Sessile oak and Norway spruce in the Czech Republic. Our main interest was how their species richness, abundance, diversity, body length, rarity, red-list status, species composition and individual species were driven by the main tree species, stand area and canopy openness. We analyzed 3466 individuals from 198 beetle species and the results revealed complex and contrasting responses of the studied beetle families - click beetles mostly preferred sun-exposure and spruce as the dominant tree species, longhorn beetles mainly preferred large stands, whereas rove beetles were mostly influenced by oak as the dominant tree species and increasing area. We also observed that some species had different preferences in plantation forests than is known from the literature. The main conclusions of our results are that the dominance of non-natural spruce plantations and a large stand area (both originating from artificially replanted large clear-cuts) did not affect the majority of the studied taxa as we expected. On the other hand, our results might have been influenced by other factor, such as the current small total area of the former vegetation, which in the past might have led to extinction debt; or a large area of other conifers in the surroundings that might have promoted conifer-associated fauna.
- MeSH
- Coleoptera physiology MeSH
- Forestry MeSH
- Forests * MeSH
- Microclimate * MeSH
- Population Dynamics MeSH
- Biota * MeSH
- Conservation of Natural Resources * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Like other organisms, ants require suitable microclimatic conditions for their development. Thus, ant species inhabiting colder climates build nest mounds that rise above the soil surface, presumably to obtain heating from solar radiation. Although some ant species construct mounds of organic materials, which generate substantial heat due to microbial metabolism, Lasius flavus mounds consists mostly of soil, not organic material. The use of artificial shading in the current study demonstrated that L. flavus depends on direct solar radiation to regulate the temperature in its mound-like nests. Temperatures were much lower in shaded mounds than in unshaded mounds and were likely low enough in shaded mounds to reduce ant development and reproduction. In areas where L. flavus and similar ants are undesirable, they might be managed by shading.
- MeSH
- Ants physiology MeSH
- Nesting Behavior * MeSH
- Microclimate MeSH
- Sunlight MeSH
- Temperature MeSH
- Body Temperature Regulation * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Cieľom príspevku je prezentovať výsledky porovnania negatívnych vplyvov vybraných faktorov pracovného prostredia na zdravie človeka. Skupinu posudzovateľov tvorili experti z oblasti pracovno-zdravotných služieb, lekári z kliník pracovného lekárstva, odborníci na úradoch verejného zdravotníctva a zamestnanci pracovísk akreditovaných v oblasti merania fyzikálnych faktorov prostredia. Posudzovatelia komplexne hodnotili negatívny vplyv faktorov pracovného prostredia na zdravotný stav človeka. Pre výskum autori vybrali šesť základných fyzikálnych faktorov, ktoré majú najvýznamnejší vplyv na zdravie a pohodu zamestnancov pri práci, a to hluk, vibrácie, mikroklíma (tepelno-vlhkostná mikroklíma), osvetlenie, pevné aerosóly a elektromagnetické polia. Na získanie váh negatívneho vplyvu bola použitá Saatyho metóda a váhy od jednotlivých expertov boli vypočítané pomocou metódy vlastných čísel a vlastných vektorov Saatyho matice. Z výsledkov výskumu vyplynulo, že najvýraznejší negatívny vplyv na zdravie človeka má faktor pevné aerosóly, potom faktor hluk a ďalej nasleduje faktor vibrácie. Celkové poradie stupňa závažnosti negatívneho vplyvu faktorov je nasledovné pevné aerosóly > hluk > vibrácie > mikroklíma > elektromagnetické polia > osvetlenie.
The paper presents the results of the comparison of the negative impacts of selected working environment factors on human health. A group of adjudicators consisted of experts in the field of Occupational health services, doctors from the Department of Occupational Medicine, experts in Public health authority and staff offices accredited in the measurement of physical environmental factors. Adjudicators comprehensively evaluated the negative influence of factors of the working environment on human health. For purposes of the research authors selected six basic physical factors that have the most significant impact on health and welfare of employees at work: noise, vibration, microclimate (heat and humidity microclimate), lighting, solid aerosols and electromagnetic fields. To obtain the balance negative impact Saaty method was used and scales from individual experts were calculated using the method of respective values and respective vectors of the Saaty matrix. The survey showed that the most significant adverse effects on human health have the factor of solid aerosols followed by noise factor and afterwards the factor of vibration. Overall standings severity of the negative impact of factors is as follows solid aerosols > noise > vibration > microclimate > electromagnetic field > lighting.
- Keywords
- Saatyho metoda,
- MeSH
- Electromagnetic Fields adverse effects MeSH
- Noise adverse effects MeSH
- Occupational Health * legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microclimate MeSH
- Lighting adverse effects MeSH
- Occupational Exposure * adverse effects MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Vibration adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Slovakia MeSH
- Keywords
- vzdušné ionty,
- MeSH
- Air Ionization * MeSH
- Ions analysis therapeutic use MeSH
- Caves MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- International Cooperation MeSH
- Microclimate MeSH
- Radon MeSH
- Speleotherapy * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Georgia (Republic) MeSH
Spiny mice, Acomys cahirinus, colonized Israel 30,000 y ago from dry tropical Africa and inhabited rocky habitats across Israel. Earlier, we had shown by mtDNA that A. cahirinus incipiently sympatrically speciates at Evolution Canyon I (EC I) in Mount Carmel, Israel because of microclimatic interslope divergence. The EC I microsite consists of a dry and hot savannoid "African" slope (AS) and an abutting humid and cool-forested "European" slope (ES). Here, we substantiate incipient SS in A. cahirinus at EC I based on the entire transcriptome, showing that multiple slope-specific adaptive complexes across the transcriptome result in two divergent clusters. Tajima's D distribution of the abutting Acomys interslope populations shows that the ES population is under stronger positive selection, whereas the AS population is under balancing selection, harboring higher genetic polymorphisms. Considerable sites of the two populations were differentiated with a coefficient of FST = 0.25-0.75. Remarkably, 24 and 37 putatively adaptively selected genes were detected in the AS and ES populations, respectively. The AS genes involved DNA repair, growth arrest, neural cell differentiation, and heat-shock proteins adapting to the local AS stresses of high solar radiation, drought, and high temperature. In contrast, the ES genes involved high ATP associated with energetics stress. The sharp ecological interslope divergence led to strong slope-specific selection overruling the interslope gene flow. Earlier tests suggested slope-specific mate choice. Habitat interslope-adaptive selection across the transcriptome and mate choice substantiate sympatric speciation (SS), suggesting its prevalence at EC I and commonality in nature.
- MeSH
- Biological Evolution MeSH
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MeSH
- Microclimate MeSH
- Brain metabolism MeSH
- Murinae genetics MeSH
- Gene Flow MeSH
- Transcriptome MeSH
- Genetic Speciation * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Israel MeSH
V tomto príspevku sú prezentované základné východiská a výsledky výskumu, ku ktorým autorský kolektív v tejto problematike dospel. Autori sa venujú hodnoteniu fyzikálnym faktorom pracovného prostredia, hlavne hluku, vibrá-ciám, osvetleniu a tepelno-vlhkostným mikroklimatickým podmienkam. Skúmajú subjektívne a objektívne vplyvy týchto faktorov na zdravie človeka. Mikroklimatické podmienky pracovného prostredia, označované tiež ako tepelno-vlhkostné podmienky, sú určené teplotou, vlhkosťou a rýchlosťou prúdenia vzduchu. Tieto parametre majú významný vplyv na subjektívny pocit pohody človeka, kvalitu odpočinku ako aj produktivitu práce. Z tohto dôvodu si autori príspevku dali za cieľ zmapovať subjektívne pocity zamestnancov, ktorí hodnotili tepelno-vlhkostné mikroklimatické podmienky vo vybraných výrobných (strojárskych) organizáciách. Pozornosť práce bola venovaná teoretickej i empirickej stránke hodnotenia tepelno-vlhkostných mikroklimatických parametrov pracovného prostredia a ich vplyvu na zamestnancov. Súčasťou hodnotenia bol dotazníkový výskum, v ktorom nás zaujímali dva hlavné okruhy: tepelno-vlhkostné mikroklimatické podmienky na pracovisku, zdravotné problémy zamestnancov súvisiace s podmienkami na pracovisku. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 200 zamestnancov, ktorí pracujú vo výrobných strojárskych organizáciách na východe Slovenska. Vstupným kritériom pre zaradenie do vyhodnocovacieho súboru dát bol dobrý zdravotný stav respondenta, ktorý netrpí závažnými zdravotnými problémami. Z výsledkov hodnotenia vyplynulo, že existuje štatisticky významná závislosť medzi niektorými sledovanými znakmi: napr. medzi vekom zamestnanca a výskytom sledovaných zdravotných problémov (bolesť hlavy, pocit nachladnutia, bolesť v oblasti chrbtice), rovnako medzi druhom vykonanej práce a spokojnosťou s vlhkosťou vzduchu na pracovisku, resp. s pocitom vysušenej nosnej sliznice. Výsledky hodnotenia dotazníkového výskumu taktiež ukázali významnú závislosť medzi druhom výrobnej organizácie a tepelno-vlhkostnými podmienkami na pracovisku, resp. výskytom zdravotných problémov respondentov. Ďalej bola zistená stredne pozitívna závislosť medzi tepelno-vlhkostnými mikroklimatickými podmienkami a pocitom únavy a bolesťami hlavy (resp. pocitom nachladnutia, bolesťami v oblasti chrbtice, pocitom vysušenej nosnej sliznice). Pri hodnotení dotazníkového výskumu boli využité štatistické metódy vhodné na sledovanie závislosti kategoriálnych znakov.
The contribution presents basic groundwork and results of investigation reached in the authors' research. The authors deal with evaluation of physical factors of working environment, particularly noise, vibrations, illumination and thermal-humidity microclimatic conditions. Subjected and objective influences of these factors on human health are investigated. The microclimatic conditions of the working environment, also denominated as thermal-humidity conditions are determined by temperature, humidity and air flow. These parameters significantly influence the human subjective feeling, quality of relaxation as well as working productivity. That is why the authors set to investigate subjective feelings of the employees, who assessed the thermal-humidity conditions in selected production organizations. The attention was devoted to theoretical and empirical part of evaluating thermal-humidity microclimatic parameters of the working environment and their effects on the employees. A questionnaire survey was included in the evaluation and two areas were of interest: thermal-humidity microclimatic conditions at the workplace; health problems of the employees associated with the workplace conditions. Two hundred employees working in the production machinery organizations in eastern Slovakia participated in the research. The entry criterion for eligibility into the cohort was a good health state of the respondents, without any serious health problems. It has become obvious that there is a significant statistical relationship between some observed indices including the age of the employee and occurrence of the observed health problems (headache, the feeling of catching a cold, backache), as well as between the type of working activity and satisfaction with humidity at the workplace or the feeling of dried nasal mucosa. Results of the questionnaire survey also revealed a significant relationship between the type of working organization and thermal-humidity conditions at the workplace or the incidence of health problems of the respondents. Moreover, the authors observed a relationship between thermal-humidity microclimatic parameters and the feeling of fatigue and headache (or the feeling of catching cold, backache and the feeling of dry nasal mucosa). In evaluating the questionnaire survey the authors used statistical methods suitable for determination of relationship between the category characteristics.
- MeSH
- Headache MeSH
- Back Pain MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microclimate MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Common Cold MeSH
- Workplace MeSH
- Occupational Exposure * standards adverse effects MeSH
- Industry MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Temperature * MeSH
- Fatigue MeSH
- Humidity * MeSH
- Health Status MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The aim of the work is to describe the change of nutritional status and the change of physical activities in soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic during the deployment on foreign missions in Afghanistan. As for anthropometric data, body weight, body mass index and the amount of visceral fat and muscle mass were monitored. In each monitored person the measurement was performed at least twice, the first one immediately after the beginning of the mission and the control one shortly before finishing the mission. Height was measured using a calibrated measuring device and body weight was weighed using a calibrated stand-on scale. BMI was calculated as BMI = weight / height2. The amount of total body fat was measured using Tanita BC-543 analyzer. After comparing individual contingents, statistically significant seems to be the Third Contingent, where a decrease of total body fat and visceral fat was observed. Similarly, statistically significant was the Fifth Contingent, where a decrease of body weight and BMI was observed. In the five monitored groups, which were measured in the Field Hospital in Kabul in the course of all four seasons of the year, some almost statistically significant changes of body composition, meaning a decrease of anthropometric characteristics, were registered. Only minimal statistical changes were registered in average values of all measured military professionals (n=251).
- MeSH
- Anthropometry * methods MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Body Mass Index MeSH
- Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
- Medical Missions * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microclimate MeSH
- Intra-Abdominal Fat MeSH
- Nutritional Status MeSH
- Military Personnel * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Motor Activity MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Stress, Psychological MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Feeding Behavior MeSH
- Muscles MeSH
- Body Weight MeSH
- Physical Exertion MeSH
- Body Fluids MeSH
- Adipose Tissue MeSH
- Military Medicine methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
V článku je popsáno poškození zdraví hráčů při hokejovém zápase na zimním stadionu v Rychnově nad Kněžnou, ke kterému došlo v prosinci roku 2012. Bylo provedeno několik místních šetření a měření kvality vnitřního ovzduší haly zimního stadionu, vyslechnuti účastníci tohoto hokejového utkání i prostudována zdravotní dokumentace poškozených. Přestože se podle lékařů jednalo o akutní inhalační trauma, je průkaz přímé příčinné souvislosti s inhalační expozicí hráčů diskutabilní, neboť nevyhledali lékařskou péči bezprostředně po utkání, ale až s určitým časovým zpožděním.
This article describes health damage to ice hockey players during a match at the ice stadium in Rychnov nad Kněžnou in December 2012. A number of local investigations and air quality tests were conducted at the stadium. All match participants were interviewed and the medical records of all injured parties were examined despite the fact that according to doctors the event comprised acute inhalation trauma. Direct connection is apparently debatable because the affected hockey players failed to seek medical assistance immediately but only after some time following the event.
