Detection and segmentation of brain abnormalities using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important task that, nowadays, the role of AI algorithms as supporting tools is well established both at the research and clinical-production level. While the performance of the state-of-the-art models is increasing, reaching radiologists and other experts' accuracy levels in many cases, there is still a lot of research needed on the direction of in-depth and transparent evaluation of the correct results and failures, especially in relation to important aspects of the radiological practice: abnormality position, intensity level, and volume. In this work, we focus on the analysis of the segmentation results of a pre-trained U-net model trained and validated on brain MRI examinations containing four different pathologies: Tumors, Strokes, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH). We present the segmentation results for both the whole abnormal volume and for each abnormal component inside the examinations of the validation set. In the first case, a dice score coefficient (DSC), sensitivity, and precision of 0.76, 0.78, and 0.82, respectively, were found, while in the second case the model detected and segmented correct (True positives) the 48.8% (DSC ≥ 0.5) of abnormal components, partially correct the 27.1% (0.05 > DSC > 0.5), and missed (False Negatives) the 24.1%, while it produced 25.1% False Positives. Finally, we present an extended analysis between the True positives, False Negatives, and False positives versus their position inside the brain, their intensity at three MRI modalities (FLAIR, T2, and T1ce) and their volume.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this qualitative study is to develop a conceptual model for the school life of the children with epilepsy based on grounded theory methodological framework. METHODOLOGY: A total of 20 children with epilepsy participated in the semi-structured interviews. Inclusion criteria were age of 8-15 years, IQ higher than 70, duration of epilepsy of at least of two years and attendance of mainstream schools. 15 children had never seizure in school and 16 of them have not had a seizure in last 12 months. Qualitative research data was processed based on grounded theory with open coding leading consecutively to several main categories, axial coding establishing connections between individual categories, and finally selective coding resulting in one central category which was the core of the developed conceptual model. RESULTS: Eight main categories were identified during open coding: type of epilepsy and its management, sources of stress at school, adaptive responses to stressors, safe school environment in relation to (a) epilepsy and (b) learning, family support, stability of experience and behavior, and positive self-concept. Axial and selective coding resulted in establishment of Adaptive responses to stressors as the central category which is in the developed conceptual model determined by relevant external and internal factors as well as the sources enabling effective adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: The presented research emphasize the importance of adaptive responses to stressors in the school environment among children with epilepsy which may be useful in counselling focused on how to avoid or successfully manage possible traumatizing experience related with epilepsy in this group.
- MeSH
- adaptace psychologická fyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- epilepsie * psychologie epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- psychický stres psychologie MeSH
- školy * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The adaptive immune response critically hinges on the functionality of T cell receptors, governed by complex molecular mechanisms, including ubiquitination. In this study, we delved into the role of in T cell immunity, focusing on T cell-B cell conjugate formation and T cell activation. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 screening approach targeting deubiquitinases genes in Jurkat T cells, we identified BAP1 as a key positive regulator of T cell-B cell conjugate formation. Subsequent investigations into BAP1 knockout cells revealed impaired T cell activation, evidenced by decreased MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways and reduced CD69 expression upon T cell receptor stimulation. Flow cytometry and qPCR analyses demonstrated that BAP1 deficiency leads to decreased surface expression of T cell receptor complex components and reduced mRNA levels of the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. Notably, the observed phenotypes associated with BAP1 knockout are specific to T cells and fully dependent on BAP1 catalytic activity. In-depth RNA-seq and mass spectrometry analyses further revealed that BAP1 deficiency induces broad mRNA and protein expression changes. Overall, our findings elucidate the vital role of BAP1 in T cell biology, especially in T cell-B cell conjugate formation and T cell activation, offering new insights and directions for future research in immune regulation.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů * imunologie MeSH
- B-lymfocyty * imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- Jurkat buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové supresorové proteiny * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- receptory antigenů T-buněk * metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- T-lymfocyty * imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- thiolesterasa ubikvitinu * genetika metabolismus nedostatek MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The knowledge about the contribution of the innate immune system to health and disease is expanding. However, to obtain reliable results, it is critical to select appropriate mouse models for in vivo studies. Data on genetic and phenotypic changes associated with different mouse strains can assist in this task. Such data can also facilitate our understanding of how specific polymorphisms and genetic alterations affect gene function, phenotypes, and disease outcomes. Extensive information is available on genetic changes in all major mouse strains. However, comparatively little is known about their impact on immune response and, in particular, on innate immunity. Here, we analyzed a mouse model of chronic multifocal osteomyelitis, an autoinflammatory disease driven exclusively by the innate immune system, which is caused by an inactivating mutation in the Pstpip2 gene. We investigated how the genetic background of BALB/c, C57BL/6J, and C57BL/6NCrl strains alters the molecular mechanisms controlling disease progression. While all mice developed the disease, symptoms were significantly milder in BALB/c and partially also in C57BL/6J when compared to C57BL/6NCrl. Disease severity correlated with the number of infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes and with the production of chemokines attracting these cells to the site of inflammation. It also correlated with increased expression of genes associated with autoinflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, neutrophil activation, and degranulation, resulting in altered neutrophil activation in vivo. Together, our data demonstrate striking effects of genetic background on multiple parameters of neutrophil function and activity influencing the onset and course of chronic multifocal osteomyelitis.
- MeSH
- adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční genetika MeSH
- aktivace neutrofilů genetika MeSH
- cytoskeletální proteiny MeSH
- genetické pozadí * MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neutrofily * imunologie patologie MeSH
- osteomyelitida * genetika imunologie patologie MeSH
- přirozená imunita genetika MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- zánět genetika patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- kolaps vitálních funkcí,
- MeSH
- kardiopulmonální resuscitace klasifikace metody MeSH
- kazuistiky jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náhlá smrt kojenců etiologie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- šok * diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- vitální znaky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- echokardiografie metody MeSH
- endoteliny metabolismus MeSH
- kazuistiky jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření vydechovaného oxidu dusnatého metody MeSH
- novorozenci extrémně nezralí MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- plicní hypertenze * diagnóza vrozené MeSH
- prostaglandiny metabolismus MeSH
- syndrom přetrvávajícího fetálního oběhu * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- amfotericin B farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Aspergillus patogenita MeSH
- aspergilóza * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- debridement metody MeSH
- kazuistiky jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mukormykóza * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- novorozenci extrémně nezralí * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Rhizopus patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- tranzitorní abnormální myelopoéza,
- MeSH
- Downův syndrom * diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- kazuistiky jako téma MeSH
- leukocytóza krev patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multiorgánové selhání * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- myelopoéza imunologie MeSH
- myeloproliferativní poruchy diagnóza etiologie klasifikace MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- bronchopulmonální dysplazie diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza klasifikace patofyziologie MeSH
- kazuistiky jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenci extrémně nezralí MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- růstová retardace plodu diagnóza MeSH
- šok * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- terlipresin * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Animal models are an important tool for studying ischemic mechanisms of stroke. Among them, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model via the intraluminal suture method in rodents is closest to human ischemic stroke. It is a model of transient occlusion followed by reperfusion, thus representing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model that simulates patients with vascular occlusion and timely recanalization. Although reperfusion is very beneficial for the possibility of preserving brain functions after ischemia, it also brings a great risk in the form of brain edema, which can cause the development of intracranial hypertension, and increasing morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we present the results of our own transient reperfusion model of MCAO in which we tested the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using Evans blue (EB), an intravital dye with a high molecular weight (68,500 Da) that prevents its penetration through the intact BBB. A total of 15 animals were used in the experiment and underwent the following procedures: insertion of the MCA occluder; assessment of ischemia by 2,3,5 -Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining; assessment of the BBB permeability using brain EB distribution. The results are presented and discussed. The test of BBB permeability using EB showed that 120 minutes after induction of ischemia, the BBB is open for the entry of large molecules into the brain. We intend to use this finding to time the application of neuroprotective agents via ICA injection in our next stroke model. Keywords: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model, Middle cerebral artery occlusion, Blood-brain barrier, 2,3,5 -Triphenyltetrazolium chloride, Evans blue.
- MeSH
- Evansova modř MeSH
- hematoencefalická bariéra * metabolismus MeSH
- infarkt arteria cerebri media * metabolismus MeSH
- ischemie mozku metabolismus MeSH
- kapilární permeabilita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- permeabilita MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- reperfuzní poškození * metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
