Cíl: Cílem je nalyzovat hlavní indikace pro indukci porodu vaginálním misoprostolem u vysoce rizikových těhotenství, a také hlavní proměnné související se selháním indukce v terciárním centru v metropolitní oblasti města Rio de Janeiro v Brazílii. Metodika: Retrospektivní kohortová studie analyzovala lékařské záznamy těhotných žen, které podstoupily indukci porodu. Kritéria pro zařazení byla jednočetné těhotenství, gestační věk ≥ 34 týdnů, Bishopovo skóre ≤ 6, plody v cefalické prezentaci a žádné kontraindikace pro použití vaginálního misoprostolu. Protokol indukce porodu sestával z vaginálního misoprostolu 25 mcg každých 6 hod, s maximálně osmi dávkami (200 mcg) k dozrání děložního čípku, pokud bylo Bishopovo skóre ≤ 6. Výsledky: Celkem bylo analyzováno 88 případů indukce porodu. Hlavními indikacemi pro indukci porodu byly preeklampsie a gestační hypertenze (n = 28; 31,8 %), chronická arteriální hypertenze (n = 19; 21,6 %) a gestační diabetes mellitus (n = 12; 13,6 %). Pozorovali jsme, že vaginální porod byl spojen s počtem dávek vaginálního misoprostolu (p = 0,000348). Nejčastější indikací k císařskému řezu bylo selhání indukce porodu (n = 21; 40 %) a podezření na akutní tíseň plodu (n = 17; 33 %). Statistický rozdíl mezi indikací vyvolání porodu a způsobem porodu jsme nezaznamenali. Nedošlo k žádnému úmrtí plodu. Šest novorozenců bylo přijato na neonatální jednotku intenzivní péče (NICU), jeden pro dechovou tíseň, jeden pro předčasný porod a čtyři pro hypoglykemii. Mezi jednotlivými způsoby porodu nebyl statistický rozdíl v míře přijetí na NICU (p = 0,692). Závěr: Hlavní indikací pro císařský řez v této studii bylo selhání indukce, což ukazuje na nutnost revize a průběžné sledování protokolu pro zvýšení úspěšnosti bez ohrožení perinatálních výsledků.

Objective: To analyze the main indications for induction of labor with vaginal misoprostol in high-risk pregnancies as well as the main variables associated with failed induction in a tertiary center in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cohort study analyzed the medical records of pregnant women who underwent induction of labor. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancy, gestational age ≥ 34 weeks, Bishop score ≤ 6, fetuses in cephalic presentation, and no contraindications for the use of vaginal misoprostol. The labor induction protocol consisted of vaginal misoprostol 25 mcg every 6 hours, with a maximum of eight doses (200 mcg) to ripen the cervix if Bishop‘s score was ≤ 6. Results: A total of 88 cases of labor induction were analyzed. Main indications for labor induction were preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (N = 28; 31.8%), chronic arterial hypertension (N = 19; 21.6%), and gestational diabetes mellitus (N = 12; 13.6%). We observed that vaginal delivery was associated with the number of vaginal misoprostol doses (P = 0.000348). The most common indications for cesarean section were failure of labor induction (N = 21; 40%) and suspected acute fetal distress (N = 17; 33%). We did not observe a statistical difference between indication of labor induction and mode of delivery. There were no fetal deaths. Six neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), one for respiratory distress, one for preterm delivery, and four for hypoglycemia. There was no statistical difference in the rate of NICU admission between delivery modes (P = 0.692). Conclusion: The main indication for cesarean section in this study was induction failure, indicating the need to review and continuously monitor the protocol to increase success rates without compromising perinatal outcomes.

• MeSH
• císařský řez metody   MeSH
• indukovaný potrat * klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• misoprostol * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   klasifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• perinatální péče klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové těhotenství MeSH
• těhotné ženy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH

Uterus transplantation is the surgical treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI), a congenital or acquired condition characterized by the absence of a uterus. More than 80 transplants have been performed worldwide, resulting in more than 30 live births, originating both from living and deceased donors. The collection of published articles on deceased donor uterus transplantations was performed in PubMed and SCOPUS by searching for the terms "Uterus transplantation" AND "deceased donor"; from the 107 articles obtained, only case reports and systematic reviews of deceased donor uterus transplantations and the resulting live births were considered for the present manuscript. The extracted data included the date of surgery (year), country, recipient (age and cause of AUFI) and donor (age and parity) details, outcome of recipient surgery (hysterectomy), and live births (date and gestational age). The search of peer-reviewed publications showed 24 deceased donor uterus transplantations and 12 live births (a birth rate of 66%) with a 25% occurrence of graft loss during follow-up (6 of 24). Among this series, twelve transplants were performed in the USA (seven births), five in the Czech Republic (one birth), three in Italy (one birth), two in Turkey (two births), and two in Brazil (one birth). The median recipient age was 29.8 years (range 21-36), while the median donor age was 36.1 years (range 20-57). Of 24 recipients, 100% were affected by MRKH (Mayer-Rokitanski-Kuster-Hauser) syndrome. Two live births were reported from nulliparous donors. Deceased donor uterus transplantation birth rates are very similar to the living donor rates reported in the literature, but ethical implications could be less important in the first group. It is necessary to register every case in the International Registry for Uterus Transplantation in order to perform a systematic review and comparison with living donor rates.

• MeSH
• dárci tkání statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ductus Mülleri abnormality   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• narození živého dítěte MeSH
• poruchy sexuálního vývoje s karyotypem 46, XX chirurgie   komplikace   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• uterus * transplantace   abnormality   MeSH
• vrozené vady MeSH
• ženská infertilita chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH
• Česká republika MeSH
• Itálie MeSH
• Turecko MeSH

A collection of reports and case studies that focus on the allocation of scarce resources in health care and on crisis patient prioritisation during the COVID-19 pandemic, mostly in Europe. Focuses on the legal aspect. Intended for professional public.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• právní odpovědnost MeSH
• přidělování zdravotní péče zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• třídění pacientů zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• zákonodárství lékařské MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• sborníky MeSH
• zprávy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Jihoafrická republika MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

• Konspekt
• Právo
• NLK Obory
• právo, zákonodárství
• management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví
• urgentní lékařství

Flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and yellow fever virus (YFV) are spread by mosquitoes and cause human disease and mortality in tropical areas. In contrast, Powassan virus (POWV), which causes severe neurologic illness, is a flavivirus transmitted by ticks in temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere. We find serologic neutralizing activity against POWV in individuals living in Mexico and Brazil. Monoclonal antibodies P002 and P003, which were derived from a resident of Mexico (where POWV is not reported), neutralize POWV lineage I by recognizing an epitope on the virus envelope domain III (EDIII) that is shared with a broad range of tick- and mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Our findings raise the possibility that POWV, or a flavivirus closely related to it, infects humans in the tropics.

• MeSH
• epitopy imunologie   MeSH
• Flavivirus imunologie   MeSH
• klíšťata virologie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky * imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky virové imunologie   MeSH
• viry klíšťové encefalitidy imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH
• Mexiko MeSH

Sandflies are known vectors of leishmaniasis. In the Old World, sandflies are also vectors of viruses while little is known about the capacity of New World insects to transmit viruses to humans. Here, we relate the identification of RNA sequences with homology to rhabdovirus nucleocapsids (NcPs) genes, initially in the Lutzomyia longipalpis LL5 cell lineage, named NcP1.1 and NcP2. The Rhabdoviridae family never retrotranscribes its RNA genome to DNA. The sequences here described were identified in cDNA and DNA from LL-5 cells and in adult insects indicating that they are transcribed endogenous viral elements (EVEs). The presence of NcP1.1 and NcP2 in the L. longipalpis genome was confirmed in silico. In addition to showing the genomic location of NcP1.1 and NcP2, we identified another rhabdoviral insertion named NcP1.2. Analysis of small RNA molecules derived from these sequences showed that NcP1.1 and NcP1.2 present a profile consistent with elements targeted by primary piRNAs, while NcP2 was restricted to the degradation profile. The presence of NcP1.1 and NcP2 was investigated in sandfly populations from South America and the Old World. These EVEs are shared by different sandfly populations in South America while none of the Old World species studied presented the insertions.

• MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• leishmanióza * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Psychodidae * MeSH
• Rhabdoviridae * MeSH
• RNA MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH
• Jižní Amerika MeSH

Cíl: Cílem této studie bylo vyhodnotit nálezy v Pap stěru a kolposkopii u vězeňkyň ve vězeňské jednotce ve státě S?o Paulo, Brazílie. Metody: Retrospektivní průřezová studie byla provedena analýzou Pap stěru a kolposkopického vyšetření vězeňkyň ve vězeňské jednotce. Byly hodnoceny následující sociodemografické údaje: věk, národnost, úroveň vzdělání, rodinný stav, výška, hmotnost, etnický původ, povolání, náboženství, sexuální orientace a přítomnost tetování. Výsledky: Vzorek tvořilo 894 žen, které měly Pap stěr, z nichž většina byly Brazilky (93,6 %), 41,1 % mělo neúplné základní vzdělání, 58,5 % bylo svobodných, 50,1 % byly bělošky, 60,7 % mělo tetování a převládajícím náboženstvím bylo katolické 42,8 %. Pokud jde o sexuální orientaci, označilo se 124 žen (13,9 %) za bisexuální, 640 (71,6 %) za heterosexuální a 127 (14,2 %) za homosexuální. Většina Pap stěrů vykazovala benigní nálezy (86,5 %). Z vězeňkyň, které měly Pap stěr, bylo 121 (13,5 %) odesláno na kolposkopii. Změněný nález kolposkopie se vyskytl u 95 žen (10,6 %), přičemž nejčastější byl nález high-grade skvamózní intraepiteliální léze vysokého stupně u 36 žen (4,0 %) a low-grade skvamózní intraepiteliální léze nízkého stupně u 27 žen (3,0 %). Většina žen (96,0 %) neměla žádné klinické známky lidského papilomaviru – HPV (anogenitální verukózní léze) a pouze 36 (4,0 %) mělo na Pap stěrech léze připomínající HPV. Více případů HIV bylo ve skupině s HPV verukózními lézemi (p = 0,013). Závěr: Pozorovali jsme 13,5 %, resp. 78,5 % abnormálních nálezů v Pap stěru a kolposkopii u vězeňkyň ve vězeňské jednotce ve státě S?o Paulo v Brazílii.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Pap smear and colposcopy findings in female inmates in a prison unit in the state of S?o Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing the Pap smear and colposcopy examinations of female inmates in a prison unit. The following socio-demographic data were assessed: age, nationality, level of education, marital status, height, weight, ethnicity, occupation, religion, sexual orientation, and presence of tattoos. Results: The sample consisted of 894 women who had a Pap smear, the majority of whom were Brazilian (93.6%), 41.1% had an incomplete primary education, 58.5% were single, 50.1% were white, 60.7% had tattoos, and the predominant religion was Catholicism at 42.8%. Regarding sexual orientation, 124 (13.9%) women identified as bisexual, 640 (71.6%) as heterosexual, and 127 (14.2%) as homosexual. Most Pap smears showed benign findings (86.5%). Of the female inmates who had a Pap smear, 121 (13.5%) were referred for colposcopy. Altered colposcopy findings occurred in 95 (10.6%), with the most common findings being high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions 36 (4.0%) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions 27 (3.0%). The majority of women (96.0%) had no clinical signs of human papillomavirus – HPV (anogenital verrucous lesions) and only 36 (4.0%) had lesions suggestive of HPV on Pap smears. There were more HIV cases in the group with HPV verrucous lesions (P = 0.013). Conclusion: We observed 13.5% and 78.5% of abnormal findings in Pap smears and colposcopy, resp.), in female inmates in a prison unit in the state of S?o Paulo, Brazil.

• MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem diagnóza   komplikace   MeSH
• kolposkopie * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Papanicolaouův test * metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• vězni * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 12 weeks of rehearsals on cardiorespiratory parameters and body composition in Brazilian samba dancers belonging to a first-league samba school. METHODS: Twenty-six women were divided into a Samba Group (n=13) and a Control Group (n=13). Cardiorespiratory parameters (cardiopulmonary exercise test) and body composition (skinfold assessment) were assessed before and after the 12 weeks of rehearsals. The Samba Group rehearsed three times per week for 30-60 minutes, and the Control Group participated in no physical activity. A comparison test was performed within and between groups, with p<0.05 indicating statistical significance. RESULTS: Compared with the Control Group, the Samba Group showed a significant increase in maximal oxygen uptake (19%), oxygen pulse (13%), and lean body mass (3%) and a decrease in body fat percentage (11%) and fat mass (12%). CONCLUSION: Twelve weeks of samba dance rehearsals improved the cardiorespiratory and body composition parameters in women dancers compared with the Control Group. These findings suggest that dancing samba regularly can increase physical activity levels and positively affect the health parameters of samba dancers.

• MeSH
• kardiorespirační zdatnost * MeSH
• kyslík MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH

Acanthocephalans are obligate endoparasites characterised by the presence of a proboscis with hooks, which are used to adhere and perforate the intestinal wall of their hosts. Individuals of Echinorhynchus salobrensis Machado Filho, 1948 have been reported parasitising the piranhas Serrasalmus maculatus Kner and Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes in the upper Paraná River floodplain. Serrasalmus marginatus is considered non-native at this site, and its establishment occurred after the closure of the Itaipu Hydroelectric, which flooded a natural geographic barrier that separated two ecoregions in the Paraná River. Since they are phylogenetically close and have similar biological and ecological characteristics competition for resources caused the non-native species to become dominant over the native one. Considering the specificity of species of Echinorhynchus Zoega, 1776 in serrasalmids, we evaluated the distribution of E. salobrensis along the gastrointestinal tract of S. maculatus and S. marginatus from the upper Paraná River floodplain. All parasites indices of E. salobrensis were higher in the invasive host S. marginatus when compared to the native S. maculatus. There were no significant interaction effects between host species and sex, and host species and/or sex in the presence of the parasite. When we evaluated the effect of E. salobrensis parasitism on the different gut regions and accessory organs, total abundance was significant in the stomach and caecum organs, and in the first and second regions of the intestine. None of the analytical approaches tested showed an effect of the sex of the host or the sex of the parasite on the presence and abundance of the parasite in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies on acanthocephalan parasitism in fish in Brazil focus on fish farm. The fact that two species of selvage carnivorous fish present high rates of acanthocephalan parasitism, added to the fact that most studies with this group are on farmed fish fed with feed, only emphasise the need for continuity in studies of acanthocephalans in the parasitology of aquatic organisms.

• MeSH
• Acanthocephala * MeSH
• Characiformes * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paraziti * MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH

The white-sand ecosystems in the Solimões-Negro Interfluve are among the less studied in Amazonia. Recent herpetological surveys conducted west of Manaus, Brazil (central Amazonia) indicate that white-sand forests host a unique anuran fauna comprising habitat specialized and endemic species. In the present study we describe a new species of rain frog belonging to the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group from the white-sand forest locally called "campinarana" (thin-trunked forests with canopy height below 20 m). The new species is phylogenetically close to rain frogs from western Amazonian lowlands (P. delius, P. librarius, P. matidiktyo and P. ockendeni). It differs from its closest relatives mainly by its size (male SVL of 17.3-20.1 mm, n = 16; female SVL of 23.2-26.5 mm, n = 6), presence of tympanum, tarsal tubercles and dentigerous processes of vomers, its translucent groin without bright colored blotches or marks, and by its advertisement call (composed of 5-10 notes, call duration of 550-1,061 ms, dominant frequency of 3,295-3,919 Hz). Like other anuran species recently discovered in the white-sand forests west of Manaus, the new species seems to be restricted to this peculiar ecosystem.

• MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• lesy MeSH
• písek MeSH
• žáby * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH

Toxoplasma gondii Nicolle et Manceaux, 1909, the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, was considered a clonal population with three distinct genetic lineages (I, II and III); however, sequence analysis of different strains has revealed distinct atypical genotypes. Macrophages are essential for immunity against toxoplasmosis and differential cell regulation may affect the course of the disease. In this context, our study aims to investigate the infection by TgChBrUD2, a highly virulent atypical Brazilian strain of T. gondii, on the activation and polarisation of human macrophages. Human macrophage-like cells obtained from THP-1 cells were infected with TgChBrUD2, RH or ME49 strains of T. gondii to evaluate the impact of parasite infection on macrophage polarisation. Our results indicate that the TgChBrUD2 and ME49 strains of T. gondii induced a classic activation of human macrophages, which was confirmed by the high rate of spindle-shaped macrophages, low amount of urea and increase in the levels of nitrite, as well as the down-regulation of M2-markers. In contrast, RH strain promoted an alternative activation of macrophages. The polarisation of human macrophages towards an M1 subtype mediated by TgChBrUD2 and ME49 strains resulted in a low parasite burden, with high levels of IL-6 and MIF. Finally, the M2 subtype triggered by the RH strain culminated in a lower intracellular proliferation index. We concluded that the atypical (TgChBrUD2) and clonal (ME49) strains are able to elicit an M1 subtype, which results in parasitism control, partially explained by the high levels of IL-6 and MIF produced during the infection by these genotypes. In contrast, the clonal (RH) strain promoted a macrophage polarisation towards an M2 subtype, marked by a high parasite burden, with a weak modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, atypical strains can present different mechanisms of pathogenicity and transmissibility compared to clonal strains, as well as they can use distinct strategies to evade the host's immune response and ensure their survival.

• MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• dusitany MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makrofágy parazitologie   MeSH
• močovina MeSH
• paraziti * MeSH
• Toxoplasma * MeSH
• toxoplazmóza * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH