- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- péče o dítě * MeSH
- populační růst * MeSH
- zařízení denní péče pro děti MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
Glypthelmins quieta is a frog trematode native to North and Central America. This trematode was recently detected in Japan in the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus, which was introduced from North America to Japan. As the first intermediate host of G. quieta, typically a snail, has not yet been identified in Japan, we conducted a snail survey in eastern Japan to screen for an intermediate host using DNA barcoding based on the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. We sampled 3 different snail species, Orientogalba ollula, Physella acuta, and Sinotaia quadrata histrica (157 individuals in total), and only the freshwater snail Physella acuta, which is also believed to have been introduced from North America to Japan, had sporocysts of G. quieta in its hepatopancreas. The introduction of the intermediate and definitive hosts from North America may have facilitated the invasion of G. quieta into Japan.
- MeSH
- hlemýždi * parazitologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S genetika MeSH
- Trematoda * genetika MeSH
- zavlečené druhy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment (EVT) of tandem lesion (TL) in the anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (IS) usually requires periprocedural antithrombotic treatment and early initiation of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after carotid stenting. However, it may contribute to an occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) in some cases. We investigated factors influencing the SICH occurrence and assessed the possible predictors of SICH after EVT. METHODS: IS patients with TL in the anterior circulation treated with EVT were enrolled in the multicenter retrospective ASCENT study. A good three-month clinical outcome was scored as 0-2 points in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and recanalization using the TICI scale. SICH was assessed using the SITS-MOST criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used for the assessment of possible predictors of SICH with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: In total, 300 (68.7 % males, mean age 67.3 ± 10.2 years) patients with median of admission NIHSS 17 were analyzed. Recanalization (TICI 2b-3) was achieved in 290 (96.7 %) patients and 176 (58.7 %) had mRS 0-2. SICH occurred in 25 (8.3 %) patients. Patients with SICH did not differ from those without SICH in the rate of periprocedural antithrombotic treatment (64 vs. 57.5 %, p = 0.526) and in the rate of DAPT started within the first 12 h after EVT (20 vs. 42.2 %, p = 0.087). After adjustment, admission NIHSS and admission glycemia were found as the only predictors of SICH after EVT. CONCLUSION: Admission NIHSS and glycemia were found as the only predictors of SICH after EVT for TL. No associations between periprocedural antithrombotic treatment, early start of DAPT after EVT and SICH occurrence were found.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cerebrální krvácení * diagnostické zobrazování etiologie terapie MeSH
- duální protidestičková léčba škodlivé účinky MeSH
- endovaskulární výkony * škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- fibrinolytika * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- inhibitory agregace trombocytů * škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * etiologie terapie diagnóza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- posuzování pracovní neschopnosti * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stenty MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
International differences in the incidence of many cancer types indicate the existence of carcinogen exposures that have not yet been identified by conventional epidemiology make a substantial contribution to cancer burden1. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, obesity, hypertension and tobacco smoking are risk factors, but they do not explain the geographical variation in its incidence2. Underlying causes can be inferred by sequencing the genomes of cancers from populations with different incidence rates and detecting differences in patterns of somatic mutations. Here we sequenced 962 clear cell renal cell carcinomas from 11 countries with varying incidence. The somatic mutation profiles differed between countries. In Romania, Serbia and Thailand, mutational signatures characteristic of aristolochic acid compounds were present in most cases, but these were rare elsewhere. In Japan, a mutational signature of unknown cause was found in more than 70% of cases but in less than 2% elsewhere. A further mutational signature of unknown cause was ubiquitous but exhibited higher mutation loads in countries with higher incidence rates of kidney cancer. Known signatures of tobacco smoking correlated with tobacco consumption, but no signature was associated with obesity or hypertension, suggesting that non-mutagenic mechanisms of action underlie these risk factors. The results of this study indicate the existence of multiple, geographically variable, mutagenic exposures that potentially affect tens of millions of people and illustrate the opportunities for new insights into cancer causation through large-scale global cancer genomics.
- MeSH
- genom lidský genetika MeSH
- genomika MeSH
- hypertenze epidemiologie MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- karcinom z renálních buněk * genetika epidemiologie chemicky indukované MeSH
- kouření tabáku škodlivé účinky genetika MeSH
- kyseliny aristolochové škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- mutageny * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- nádory ledvin * genetika epidemiologie chemicky indukované MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- zeměpis * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
- Rumunsko MeSH
- Srbsko MeSH
- Thajsko MeSH
Citizen Science (CS) is research performed by citizens who are not professional scientists in general. SAFECAST was founded in Japan after the Fukushima accident 2011, motivated by distrust in the perceived biassed information by authorities about radiation situation. Measurements of ambient dose rate (ADR) performed by citizens were intended to verify and complement official data using bGeigieNano designed for purpose, recording ADR, GPS coordinates and date/time allowing projection on digital maps. The project expanded internationally, by mid-2022 containing ⁓180 million measurements. CS generates large amount of data as valuable source for science; it has educational value and serves communication between citizens and professionals. Problems consist in quality assurance (QA): citizens who are no trained metrologists are usually little familiar with notions of representativeness, measurement protocols and uncertainty that are the central QA topics. We discuss variability of response of instruments of the same kind under same ambient conditions and isotropy of response under field conditions.
- MeSH
- endodoncie * MeSH
- kurzy a stáže v nemocnici MeSH
- společnosti stomatologické MeSH
- Publikační typ
- rozhovory MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
Do 17. století bylo Japonsko téměř výhradně ovlivňováno čínskou lékařskou tradicí. Krátké zkušenosti s evropskou medicínou přerušily v polovině 17. století edikty, jež zemi izolovaly od okolního světa. Díky nizozemské přítomnosti v Nagasaki však někteří z japonských intelektuálů udržovali kontakt se západními lékaři. Právě díky nim se do Japonska postupně rozšířily nejnovější lékařské publikace a učebnice. Tato intelektuální výměna vedla k prudkému nárůstu zájmu o nové objevy a stimulovala rozvoj vědeckého bádání. Lékařství tak hrálo klíčovou roli při následné japonské modernizaci.
Until the 17th century, Japan was almost exclusively influenced by the Chinese medical tradition. A brief experience with European medicine was interrupted in the mid-17th century by edicts that isolated the country from outside world. However, thanks to the Dutch presence in Nagasaki, some Japanese intellectuals maintained contact with Western physicians. Thanks to them, the latest medical publications and textbooks gradually spread to Japan. This intellectual exchange led to a surge of interest in new discoveries and stimulated the development of scientific research. Medicine thus played a crucial role in Japan’s subsequent modernization.
- MeSH
- anatomie dějiny MeSH
- dějiny 18. století MeSH
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- dějiny lékařství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 18. století MeSH
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- historické články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
Vydání první 237 stran ; 21 cm
Publikace se zaměřuje na duševní zdraví a psychoterapii pomocí psaní haiku. Také představuje japonskou kulturu. Určeno široké veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- arteterapie MeSH
- duševní zdraví MeSH
- kultura MeSH
- poezie jako téma MeSH
- psaní MeSH
- psychický stres * terapie MeSH
- self-management MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- populární práce MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
Farmakovigilance je nedílnou součástí medicíny. Při užití či užívání léčivého přípravku je vždy riziko vzniku nežádoucího účinku (NÚ), který může být zcela banální, ale jsou nežádoucí účinky, které mohou být život ohrožující případně smrtelné. Farmakovigilance je obor, který by měl omezit množství či závažnost nežádoucích účinků, a to zaváděním opatření k omezení rizik vycházejících z hodnocení nasbíraných údajů o NÚ. Tento článek se zabývá nejenom obecným pojetím farmakovigilance, ale i srovnáním jednotlivých farmakovigilančních systémů různých států a regionů.
Pharmacovigilance is an integral part of medicine. There is always a risk of side effects when using medication; these can be completely trivial, but there are side effects that can be life-threatening or fatal. Pharmacovigilance practices should prevent such side effects, or at least reduce their incidence, especially by developing preventive measures that are based on adverse drug reaction (ADR) data and the evaluations of these. This article deals with the general concept of pharmacovigilance and compares individual pharmacovigilance systems of several countries and regions.
- MeSH
- farmakovigilance * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
- zákonodárství jako téma MeSH
- zákonodárství lékové MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Čína MeSH
- Japonsko MeSH
- Kanada MeSH
- Spojené království MeSH
BACKGROUND: Ethnic disparities have been reported in cardiovascular disease. However, ethnic disparities in takotsubo syndrome (TTS) remain elusive. This study assessed differences in clinical characteristics between Japanese and European TTS patients and determined the impact of ethnicity on in-hospital outcomes. METHODS: TTS patients in Japan were enrolled from 10 hospitals and TTS patients in Europe were enrolled from 32 hospitals participating in the International Takotsubo Registry. Clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared between Japanese and European patients. RESULTS: A total of 503 Japanese and 1670 European patients were included. Japanese patients were older (72.6 ± 11.4 years vs. 68.0 ± 12.0 years; p < 0.001) and more likely to be male (18.5 vs. 8.4%; p < 0.001) than European TTS patients. Physical triggering factors were more common (45.5 vs. 32.0%; p < 0.001), and emotional triggers less common (17.5 vs. 31.5%; p < 0.001), in Japanese patients than in European patients. Japanese patients were more likely to experience cardiogenic shock during the acute phase (15.5 vs. 9.0%; p < 0.001) and had a higher in-hospital mortality (8.2 vs. 3.2%; p < 0.001). However, ethnicity itself did not appear to have an impact on in-hospital mortality. Machine learning approach revealed that the presence of physical stressors was the most important prognostic factor in both Japanese and European TTS patients. CONCLUSION: Differences in clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes between Japanese and European TTS patients exist. Ethnicity does not impact the outcome in TTS patients. The worse in-hospital outcome in Japanese patients, is mainly driven by the higher prevalence of physical triggers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique Identifier: NCT01947621.
- MeSH
- Asijci etnologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- běloši etnologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- disparity zdravotního stavu MeSH
- kardiogenní šok etnologie mortalita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita v nemocnicích etnologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- takotsubo kardiomyopatie etnologie mortalita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Japonsko MeSH