Microsporidia are parasites that can cause infections in many vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and produce small spores resistant to environmental conditions. As they are obligate intracellular parasites, axenic cultures cannot be performed. The aim of this study was to investigate the reproductive potential of the parasite in human colon epidermal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), human monocytic (U937), African green monkey renal epithelial (VERO) and human kidney epithelial (HEK-293) cell lines of tissue and organs where the parasite is located by following the culture of the parasites and the amount of spores for six weeks. RPMI-1640 medium was used for the cultivation of U937 cells, while DMEM was used for other cell lines and the immature U937 cells were stimulated with Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate before infection. All of the host cell groups were infected with freshly collected Encephalitozoon intestinalis spores in ratio 1:30 and free spores in the culture media were removed after overnight incubation at 37°C under 5% CO2 condition for parasite invasion. The first release of the spores from the infected cells was observed and recorded by following for six weeks. Furthermore, the spore density released from each cell groups was evaluated by measuring the parasite load by Thoma cell counting chamber and quantified by real-time PCR. As a result of the study, it was observed that four cell lines could be infected by E.intestinalis and the spore production can be maintained for six weeks. It was observed that the monolayer macrophages and CaCo-2 cells, started to be detached from the culture flasks in few days following the parasite invasion, thus decreasing the number of host cells. After 1-2 weeks, HEK-293 cells were also detached from the surface, thus negatively affected the pure spore production by contaminating the media with dead host cell suspension. Spores started to appear in VERO cell media at the end of the second week after initial infection, while it took longer time for other cells to start releasing spores. Over the course of six weeks, the VERO cell line had the highest spore-producing potential among the other cell lines. In conclusion, this study compared the potential for reproduction of E.intestinalis in three human cell lines and monkey originated VERO cell line. This study demonstrated that cells derived from the tissues or organs where Microsporidia species causes disseminated infections could be infected by the parasitic spores in vitro. Additionally, the parasite can survive and propagate longer than six weeks. The authors believe that the results of this study will contribute to the further studies related to the parasite in the area of genetics, pharmacology, biochemistry, immunology and eradication studies.
- MeSH
- Caco-2 Cells MeSH
- Chlorocebus aethiops MeSH
- Encephalitozoon * growth & development MeSH
- Encephalitozoonosis * microbiology MeSH
- HEK293 Cells MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
- Spores, Fungal growth & development MeSH
- Vero Cells MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of Dientamoeba fragilis with different diagnostic methods in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and determine the sensitivity and specificity of existing diagnostic methods. Fecal samples collected from 101 patients with gastrointestinal complaints (especially upper abdominal pain, abdominal and pelvic pain, nausea and vomiting, gastroenteritis and colitis, unexplained fever and diarrhea) and 20 control cases from various clinics were included in the study. Samples were first examined with native-Lugol (N-L) method and cultured in Robinson medium. All 121 stool and culture samples were stained with iron hematoxylin stain (IHS) and trichrome stain (TS) methods and examined by PCR and QPCR for D.fragilis. Among 121 stool samples 13 (10.7%), 2 (1.7%), 7 (5.7%) 13 (10.7%), and 7 (5.8%), 4 (3.3%), 2 (1.7%), 3 (2.5%) of cultured samples were determined positive with IHS, TS, PCR, QPCR respectively. Fifteen of the 121 stool samples were determined as diarrheal. All diarrheal stool samples were negative with IHS and TS. One of the diarrheal stools and 6 (4.9%) of the non-diarrheal stools were positive by PCR. All of the diarrheal stools were negative. Thirteen of the non-diarrheal stool samples (10.7%) were positive by QPCR. When the QPCR method was considered as gold standard, sensitivity and specificity values were determined as 46% and 93% in IHS, 0% and 99% in TS, 54% and 100% by PCR and sensitivity and specificity values were 67% and 96% in IHS, 33% and 98% in TS, 67% and 100% by PCR among cultured stool samples. As a result, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the samples of the patients and the control groups and the sensitivity and specificity of the conventional and molecular methods (IHS, TS, PCR and QPCR) determined in this study supported the results of other compared studies. It has been determined that staining methods used for the diagnosis of D.fragilis gave false positivite or negativite results. In addition, the QPCR method is more advantageous in terms of time saving for the diagnosis and initiation of the treatment and in cases where QPCR is not available, IHS and conventional PCR methods should be used together. In our opinion, this study will contribute to the results of epidemiological and scientific studies on D.fragilis in Turkey.
- MeSH
- Dientamoebiasis * complications diagnosis parasitology MeSH
- Dientamoeba genetics MeSH
- Feces parasitology MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Diseases * etiology parasitology MeSH
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Diarrhea etiology parasitology MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Turkey MeSH
36 stran ; 21 cm
- MeSH
- Surgical Stomas MeSH
- Linguistics MeSH
- Terminology as Topic MeSH
- Ostomy MeSH
- Publication type
- Terminology MeSH
- Conspectus
- Lingvistika. Jazyky
- NML Fields
- lingvistika, lékařská terminologie
- chirurgie
elektronický časopis
Vyd. 1. 320 s. ; 22 cm
Turecko-český slovník - Tomáš Laně - Nový slovník obsahuje přibližně 13 000 tureckých výrazů a k nim asi 20 000 českých ekvivalentů. Heslář slovníku byl sestaven s důrazem na moderní, aktuální tureckou slovní zásobu. Při výběru bylo přihlíženo k frekvenci tureckých výrazů v mluveném i psaném jazyce, včetně hovorového vyjadřování. Hesla jsou vybavena základní frazeologií a idiomatickými slovními spojeními. Zařazena je i běžná odborná terminologie z oborů jako jsou přírodověda, matematika, dějepis, zeměpis, ekonomie, výpočetní technika, práva, politika, lékařství, hudba, sport apod. Součástí slovníku je stručný přehled turecké gramatiky a výslovnosti, dále seznam běžných orientačních a výstražných nápisů, dopravních pokynů a nejpoužívanějších tureckých zkratek. Slovník je určen nejen studentům – turkologům, ale všem českým zájemcům o turecký jazyk, včetně turistů. Vhodný je samozřejmě i pro turecké obchodníky, podnikatele a turisty přicházející do České republiky.
- Keywords
- turečtina,
- MeSH
- Linguistics MeSH
- Publication type
- Dictionary MeSH
- Conspectus
- Lingvistika. Jazyky
- NML Fields
- lingvistika, lékařská terminologie
elektronický časopis
- MeSH
- Skin Diseases MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- dermatovenerologie
- NML Publication type
- elektronické časopisy
elektronický časopis
- Conspectus
- Pediatrie
- NML Fields
- pediatrie
- infekční lékařství
- NML Publication type
- elektronické časopisy
elektronický časopis
- Conspectus
- Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
- NML Fields
- oftalmologie
- NML Publication type
- elektronické časopisy
elektronický časopis
elektronický časopis
- MeSH
- Gynecology MeSH
- Obstetrics MeSH
- Conspectus
- Gynekologie. Porodnictví
- NML Fields
- gynekologie a porodnictví
- gynekologie a porodnictví
- NML Publication type
- elektronické časopisy
