In response to our study, the commentary by Infanti et al. (2024) raised critical points regarding (i) the conceptualization and utility of the user-avatar bond in addressing gaming disorder (GD) risk, and (ii) the optimization of supervised machine learning techniques applied to assess GD risk. To advance the scientific dialogue and progress in these areas, the present paper aims to: (i) enhance the clarity and understanding of the concepts of the avatar, the user-avatar bond, and the digital phenotype concerning gaming disorder (GD) within the broader field of behavioral addictions, and (ii) comparatively assess how the user-avatar bond (UAB) may predict GD risk, by both removing data augmentation before the data split and by implementing alternative data imbalance treatment approaches in programming.
- MeSH
- avatar MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- netholismus * MeSH
- řízené strojové učení MeSH
- strojové učení * MeSH
- uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
- videohry MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of the present study was to estimate the complex association between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), substance use, and other risky behaviours in Czech adolescents whilst providing prevalence estimates of IGD and psychometric information regarding the Czech Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF). METHODS: A representative sample of 3,950 Czech adolescents was recruited through stratified random sampling in the school setting. RESULTS: Disordered gamers showed frequent use of specific substances such as pharmaceuticals, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide. In contrast, non-gamers had higher prevalence of alcohol, cigarettes, sedatives and tranquillisers, and marijuana use. A logistic regression, utilising IGDS9-SF raw scores and average daily gaming time, revealed a U-shaped relationship between gaming and both alcohol and cigarette use. Additionally, conduct problems such as bullying, and risky in-game behaviours were more prevalent among disordered gamers, with the exception of forging parents' signatures. The overall prevalence of IGD was 3.62% (95% CI = [3.1%, 4.3%]), with higher rates in males (5.89%; 95% CI = [4.9%, 7.0%]) than in females (1.45%; 95% CI = [1.0%, 2.1%]). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The Czech IGDS9-SF used in the present study showed adequate psychometric properties. The association between gaming and substance use behaviours may be specific and multifaceted depending on the severity of the gaming-related problems. Furthermore, disordered gamers may become more vulnerable due to a higher incidence of conduct problems, bullying (victimisation), and in-game risky behaviours such as engagement with microtransactions mechanics (e.g., loot box) within video games.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- netholismus * epidemiologie MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- riskování * MeSH
- videohry statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite its inclusion in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, there is a virtual paucity of high-quality scientific evidence about compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), especially in underrepresented and underserved populations. Therefore, we comprehensively examined CSBD across 42 countries, genders, and sexual orientations, and validated the original (CSBD-19) and short (CSBD-7) versions of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale to provide standardized, state-of-the-art screening tools for research and clinical practice. METHOD: Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243; Mage = 32.39 years, SD = 12.52), we evaluated the psychometric properties of the CSBD-19 and CSBD-7 and compared CSBD across 42 countries, three genders, eight sexual orientations, and individuals with low vs. high risk of experiencing CSBD. RESULTS: A total of 4.8% of the participants were at high risk of experiencing CSBD. Country- and gender-based differences were observed, while no sexual-orientation-based differences were present in CSBD levels. Only 14% of individuals with CSBD have ever sought treatment for this disorder, with an additional 33% not having sought treatment because of various reasons. Both versions of the scale demonstrated excellent validity and reliability. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to a better understanding of CSBD in underrepresented and underserved populations and facilitates its identification in diverse populations by providing freely accessible ICD-11-based screening tools in 26 languages. The findings may also serve as a crucial building block to stimulate research into evidence-based, culturally sensitive prevention and intervention strategies for CSBD that are currently missing from the literature.
INTRODUCTION: People with schizophrenia often need long-term support in their everyday life. Thus, caregivers are vital factors to support their recovery and long-term functioning. In turn, however, the caregiver role is highly burdensome and may lead to severe distress and burnout, imposing further hardness on patients and their family. The aim of this paper was to map the caregivers' situation and their possible needs in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Russia. METHODS: 225 caregivers of schizophrenic patients completed a questionnaire in Bulgaria (n=50), the Czech Republic (n=50), Hungary (n=50) and Russia (n=75) about their sociodemographic status, financial, emotional and subjective challenges that arise from the caregiver duty. RESULTS: Caregivers are mainly married (56%), women (72%) entering their 50's, working full time (48%). The average time they spend taking care of someone with schizophrenia is 26 hours weekly. This duty often limits their indepen - dence (59%), recreational activities (56%), financial security (47%) and social life (47%). Thirty-nine percentage reported health-related issues, while sadness and anxiety were also commonly experienced. Caregivers felt left alone with their struggles (56%), longing for both disease-related information and self-help support. As a result, 21% felt fully or mostly dissatisfied with their life. CONCLUSION: Taking care of someone with schizophrenia represents a high burden, affecting one's social and economic status, as well as mental and physical health. Caregivers often feel alone with their struggles and would welcome tailored support to help them cope with the multidimensional burden they carry.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osoby pečující o pacienty MeSH
- schizofrenie * terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Bulharsko MeSH
- Česká republika MeSH
- Maďarsko MeSH
Background and aims: Problematic internet use (PIU) is a highly prevalent condition with severe adverse effects. The literature suggests that parent-child bonding and parental behavioral control exert protective effects against PIU. However, the most relevant studies rely on simplistic measurement of parenting, cross-sectional designs and mixed-aged samples. Our study analyzed the effect of maternal and paternal parenting on PIU by using a prospective design and a cohort sample of same-aged children. Methods: Data from 1,019 Czech 12-year-old sixth-graders who were followed until ninth grade were used. Maternal and paternal responsiveness and strictness were reported by children using the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and the Parental Control Scale (PCS). PIU was measured by the Excessive Internet Use Scale (EIUS). Results: The self-reported PIU prevalence in nine-graders (15-year-old) was 8.1%. Parenting, reported by adolescents 18 months before PIU screening, showed significant relationships with PIU: parental responsiveness was negatively and moderately associated, while maternal strictness showed a weak positive association; the authoritative parenting style in both parents decreased PIU, with a PIU probability of 3.21%, while a combination of maternal authoritarian and paternal neglectful parenting was associated with PIU probability as high as 20.9%. Discussion and conclusions: The self-reported prevalence of PIU in Czech adolescents was found to be high. The effects of parenting on PIU were similar to the effects of parenting on other problematic behavior among adolescents. Our findings showed the need for interventions to prevent PIU by helping parents to apply optimal parenting styles.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- netholismus psychologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rodičovství psychologie MeSH
- vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a heterogenous group of malignant tumors that originate from the kidney parenchyma. The different entities have their own specific epidemiological, morphological, immunohistochemical, genetic and clinical characteristics. The new WHO classification of renal tumors was published in 2016, and it takes all of these features together into account. Although in the past three years, several emerging subtypes have been described, these are not yet included in the current classification. In this review paper, these entities are summarized in details including the following emerging subsets: thyroid-like follicular carcinoma, ALK rearrangement-associated RCC, renal cell carcinoma with prominent smooth muscle stroma, fumarate hydratase-deficient RCC, biphasic squamoid papillary RCC, eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC, atrophic kidney-like RCC, clear cell RCC with giant cells and emperipolesis, Warthin-like papillary RCC, low-grade oncocytic renal tumor (CD117-negative; CK7-positive), high-grade oncocytic renal tumor, TCEB1-mutated RCC and chromophobe RCC with neuroendocrine features. These entities are mostly diagnosed as RCC unclassified. The aim of this study is to introduce these subsets to the Hungarian pathologists, oncologists and urologists, to prompt diagnostic accuracy and to facilitate a collection along with a consecutive analysis of these cases. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(3): 83-94.
- MeSH
- karcinom z renálních buněk * MeSH
- ledviny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery MeSH
- nádory ledvin * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Maďarsko MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gambling in adolescence is often related to licit and illicit substance use. Some evidence shows that teenage smokers gamble more than non-smokers. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between problem gambling and smoking among Czech adolescents. METHODS: Data on 6,082 adolescents (50.1% boys and 49.9% girls) aged 15-19 years were collected as part of the ESPAD study in the Czech Republic in 2015. Logistic regression and linear regression models were used to test the hypothesis that the early onset of daily smoking increases the risk of problem gambling. RESULTS: The age of initiation of daily smoking seems to be a more reliable marker of the risk of problem gambling than smoking status or intensity of smoking. More than 20% of smokers who started smoking daily at the age of 12 years or earlier are at risk of problem gambling, which shows a significantly increased probability compared to non-smokers (OR = 2.7). Other factors that increase the chances of becoming a problem gambler include being male, of higher age, and a student of a secondary school. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between adolescent smoking and gambling is complex and is likely to be influenced by other underlying factors. Early daily smokers and at-risk gamblers tend in a similar way to risky behavior as a result of impulsivity. Interventions targeting early smoking and other substance-use behavior should not only aim at quitting smoking but could also include preventing smokers from developing problem gambling.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hráčství epidemiologie MeSH
- kouření cigaret epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that is responsible for both hospital- and community-acquired infections. Stilbenes are polyphenol compounds of plant origin known to possess a variety of pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal effects. This study reports the in vitro growth-inhibitory potential of eight naturally occurring stilbenes against six standard strains and two clinical isolates of S. aureus, using a broth microdilution method, and expressing the results as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Pterostilbene (MICs = 32-128 μg/ml), piceatannol (MICs = 64-256 μg/ml), and pinostilbene (MICs = 128 μg/ml) are among the active compounds that possess the strongest activity against all microorganisms tested, followed by 3'-hydroxypterostilbene, isorhapontigenin, oxyresveratrol, and rhapontigenin with MICs 128-256 μg/ml. Resveratrol (MIC = 256 μg/ml) exhibited only weak inhibitory effect. Furthermore, structure-activity relationships were studied. Hydroxyl groups at ortho-position (B-3' and -4') played crucial roles for the inhibitory effect of hydroxystilbene piceatannol. Compounds with methoxy groups at ring A (3'-hydroxypterostilbene, pinostilbene, and pterostilbene) produced stronger effect against S. aureus than their analogues (isorhapontigenin and rhapontigenin) with methoxy groups at ring B. These findings provide arguments for further investigation of stilbenes as prospective leading structures for development of novel antistaphylococcal agents for topical treatment of skin infections.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- fytonutrienty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce mikrobiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků izolace a purifikace MeSH
- stilbeny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background and aims Association between substance use and excessive play of online games exists both in theory and research. However, no study to date examined playing online games under the influence of licit and illicit drugs. Methods We questioned a convenient online sample of 3,952 Czech online gamers on their experiences and motives of using caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, psychoactive pharmaceuticals, and illicit drugs while playing massive multiplayer online games (MMOGs). Results The results showed low prevalence of illicit drug use while playing online games. Substance use was positively associated with intensity of gaming and both addiction and engagement; psychoactive substances with stimulating effect were linked to higher engagement and gaming intensity, whereas use of sedatives was associated with higher addiction score. Substance use varied slightly with the preference of game genre. Discussion Drug use while playing appears as behavior, which is mostly not related to gaming - it concerns mostly caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis. For some users, however, drug use was fueled by motivations toward improving their cognitive enhancement and gaming performance.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- internet * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- návykové chování komplikace epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek komplikace epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- videohry * psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
