BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of the present study was to estimate the complex association between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), substance use, and other risky behaviours in Czech adolescents whilst providing prevalence estimates of IGD and psychometric information regarding the Czech Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF). METHODS: A representative sample of 3,950 Czech adolescents was recruited through stratified random sampling in the school setting. RESULTS: Disordered gamers showed frequent use of specific substances such as pharmaceuticals, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide. In contrast, non-gamers had higher prevalence of alcohol, cigarettes, sedatives and tranquillisers, and marijuana use. A logistic regression, utilising IGDS9-SF raw scores and average daily gaming time, revealed a U-shaped relationship between gaming and both alcohol and cigarette use. Additionally, conduct problems such as bullying, and risky in-game behaviours were more prevalent among disordered gamers, with the exception of forging parents' signatures. The overall prevalence of IGD was 3.62% (95% CI = [3.1%, 4.3%]), with higher rates in males (5.89%; 95% CI = [4.9%, 7.0%]) than in females (1.45%; 95% CI = [1.0%, 2.1%]). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The Czech IGDS9-SF used in the present study showed adequate psychometric properties. The association between gaming and substance use behaviours may be specific and multifaceted depending on the severity of the gaming-related problems. Furthermore, disordered gamers may become more vulnerable due to a higher incidence of conduct problems, bullying (victimisation), and in-game risky behaviours such as engagement with microtransactions mechanics (e.g., loot box) within video games.

• MeSH
• chování mladistvých * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• netholismus * epidemiologie   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• riskování * MeSH
• videohry statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Background: There has been a notable deficiency in the implementation of addiction science in clinical practice and many healthcare providers feel unprepared to treat patients with substance use disorders (SUD) following training. However, the perceptions of addiction medicine training by learners in health professions have not been fully investigated. This qualitative study explored perceptions of prior training in SUD care among early-career trainees enrolled in Addiction Medicine fellowships and electives in Vancouver, Canada. Methods: From April 2015 - August 2018, we interviewed 45 early-career physicians, social workers, nurses, and 17 medical students participating in training in addiction medicine. We coded transcripts inductively using qualitative data analysis software (NVivo 11.4.3). Results: Findings revealed six key themes related to early-career training in addiction medicine: (1) Insufficient time spent on addiction education, (2) A need for more structured addictions training, (3) Insufficient hands-on clinical training and skill development, (4) Lack of patient-centeredness and empathy in the training environment, (5) Insufficient implementation of evidence-based medicine, and (6) Prevailing stigmas toward addiction medicine. Conclusion: Early clinical training in addiction medicine appears insufficient and largely focused on symptoms, rather than etiology or evidence. Early career learners in health professions perceived benefit to expanding access to quality education and reported positive learning outcomes after completing structured training programs.

• MeSH
• adiktologie * MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * terapie   MeSH
• stipendia MeSH
• studenti lékařství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kanada MeSH

The extended occurrence of fentanils abuse associated with the dramatic increase in opioid fatal overdoses and dependence strongly emphasizes insufficiencies in opioid addiction treatment. Recently, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonism was proposed as a promising mechanism for drug addiction therapy. However, the role of GHS-R1A and its endogenous ligand ghrelin in opioid abuse is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to clarify whether the GHS-R1A antagonist JMV2959 could reduce the fentanyl-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), the fentanyl intravenous self-administration (IVSA), and the tendency to relapse, but also whether JMV2959 could significantly influence the fentanyl-induced dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) in rats, that importantly participates in opioids' reinforcing effects. Following an ongoing fentanyl self-administration, JMV2959 3 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally 20 minutes before three consequent daily 360-minute IVSA sessions under a fixed ratio FR1, which significantly reduced the number of active lever-pressing, the number of infusions, and the fentanyl intake. Pretreatment with JMV2959 also reduced the fentanyl-seeking/relapse-like behaviour tested in rats on the 12th day of the forced abstinence period. Pretreatment with JMV2959 significantly and dose-dependently reduced the manifestation of fentanyl-CPP. The fentanyl-CPP development was reduced after the simultaneous administration of JMV2959 with fentanyl during conditioning. The JMV2959 significantly reduced the accumbens dopamine release induced by subcutaneous and intravenous fentanyl. Simultaneously, it affected the concentration of byproducts associated with dopamine metabolism in the NAC. Our findings suggest that GHS-R1A importantly participates in the rewarding/reinforcing effects of fentanyl.

• MeSH
• autoaplikace MeSH
• dopamin metabolismus   MeSH
• fentanyl aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• ghrelin metabolismus   MeSH
• glycin analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• intravenózní podání MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• narkotika aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• nucleus accumbens účinky léků   MeSH
• operantní podmiňování účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• receptory ghrelinu antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• triazoly farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Our understanding of the long-term safety of prenatal exposure to opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is insufficient. We compared childhood morbidity (0-3 years) between OMT-exposed and relevant comparison groups. DESIGN: Nation-wide, registry-based cohort study. Registries on reproductive health, addiction treatment, hospitalization and death were linked using identification numbers. SETTING: The Czech Republic (2000-14). PARTICIPANTS: Children with different prenatal exposure: (i) mother in OMT during pregnancy (OMT; n = 218), (ii) mother discontinued OMT before pregnancy (OMT-D; n = 55), (iii) mother with opioid use disorder, but not in OMT during pregnancy (OUD; n = 85) and (iv) mother in the general population (GP) (n = 1 238 452) MEASUREMENTS: Episodes of hospitalization were observed as outcomes. Information on in-patient contacts, length of stay and diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases version 10) were assessed. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the associations between OMT exposure and the outcomes, crude and adjusted for the socio-economic status and smoking. FINDINGS: No significant differences were found in the overall proportion of hospitalization among OMT-exposed children, children of OMT-D and children of women with OUD [54.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-60.1%; 47.3%, 95% CI = 33.9-61.1%; 51.8%, 95% CI = 40.7%-62.6%], while the proportion was significantly lower (35.8%, 95% CI = 35.7-35.8%) in the GP. There were no significant differences in risk of specific diagnoses between OMT-exposed children, children of OMT-D and children of women with OUD. In the adjusted analyses, differences between OMT-exposed and children in the GP were still present for infections and parasitic diseases (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4-2.7), diseases of the digestive system (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2-2.6) and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2-3.2). CONCLUSION: This study did not find clear evidence for an increase in risk of morbidity during the first 3 years of life in children with prenatal opioid maintenance treatment exposure compared with children of women who discontinued such treatment before pregnancy or suffered from opioid use disorder without this treatment. Compared the general population, there appears to be an increased risk of hospitalizations for infectious, gastrointestinal and skin diseases.

• MeSH
• buprenorfin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• délka pobytu statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• infekce epidemiologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kožní nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methadon terapeutické užití   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nemoci trávicího systému epidemiologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• opiátová substituční terapie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• opioidní analgetika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH