Péče o člověka se schizofrenií je náročná a má svá úskalí. Je‐li takto psychicky nemocný člověk v domácí péči rodiny, může docházet k vážným problémům. Kazuistika poukazuje na důležitost edukace a poskytnutí pomoci rodině, která se o psychicky nemocného stará. Ukazuje, jak je důležité věnovat pečujícím rodinám pomoc a zajímat se o jejich situaci a jak vážné mohou být následky neřešených problémů.
The care of a person with schizophrenia is challenging and has its obstacles. Serious problems can occur in cases when the mentally ill person is in the home care of the family. The case study shows the importance of education and providing an assistance to the families which are taking care of the mentally ill person. It shows the importance of providing help to these families and takes into concern their situation and how serious the consequences of unresolved issues can be.
- MeSH
- domácí ošetřování výchova MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- schizofrenie * ošetřování terapie MeSH
- zátěž pečovatele * psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Prejudices against individuals with schizophrenia can interfere with diagnostic and treatment processes, particularly with the patient's further adaptation and reintegration. Self-stigma could have significant detrimental consequences for patients suffering from psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia. METHOD: This paper reviews findings about self-stigma connected to schizophrenia. The PubMed database used the keywords to find the papers published from January 1997 to March 2023, and 189 articles were included in the review process. RESULTS: The schizophrenia-related stigma decreases patients' self-confidence, worsens their social functioning, and impedes daily functioning. Feelings of embarrassment are prominent in many patients with schizophrenia. Self-stigma predicts many unfavourable outcomes - more severe social anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower self-confidence, hopelessness, worse social functioning, lower quality of life, worse treatment cooperation, and lower adherence to medication adherence. Addressing self-stigma in psychoeducation or psychotherapy may increase the patient's stigma resistance and well-being. Self-help groups present an underutilised but potentially effective strategy. CONCLUSION: Stigma presents a common issue in patients with schizophrenia. Targeting the issue in clinical management or psychotherapy may be beneficial. Still, more high-quality intervention studies are needed.
- MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychoterapie MeSH
- psychotické poruchy * MeSH
- schizofrenie * terapie MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- společenské stigma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- deprese nereagující na léčbu * terapie MeSH
- elektrokonvulzívní terapie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přímá transkraniální stimulace mozku metody MeSH
- schizofrenie terapie MeSH
- tinnitus terapie MeSH
- transkraniální magnetická stimulace metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
Transkraniální stimulace stejnosměrným proudem (tDCS) je neinvazivní neuromodulační metoda, která je založena na účinku stejnosměrného proudu nízké intenzity na mozkovou tkáň. Využití tDCS je v posledních letech zkoumáno u řady neuropsychiatrických chorob. Cílem tohoto článku je poskytnout přehled možností a efekt aplikace tDCS v léčbě pozitivních, negativních a kognitivních symptomů schizofrenie.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neurostimulation method that utilizes the effect of low-intensity direct current on brain tissue. In recent years, the use of tDCS has been studied for a number of neuropsychiatric diseases. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the potential application and effect of tDCS in the treatment of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurobehaviorální symptomy účinky záření MeSH
- přímá transkraniální stimulace mozku * metody MeSH
- schizofrenie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- antipsychotika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- schizofrenie * terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Standard approaches to cognitive remediation can suffer from limited skill transferability to patients' life. Complex virtual environments (VEs) enable us to create ecologically valid remediation scenarios while preserving laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the feasibility and efficacy of these programs in psychiatric patients are still unknown. Our aim was to compare the feasibility and efficacy of a novel rehabilitation program, designed in complex VEs, with standard paper-pencil treatment in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. We recruited 35 participants to complete a VE rehabilitation program and standard treatment in a crossover pilot study. Twenty-eight participants completed at least one program, 22 were diagnosed with schizophrenia and 6 with major depressive disorder. Participant's performance in the representative VE training task significantly improved in terms of maximum achieved difficulty (p ≤ 0.001), speed (p < 0.001) and efficacy (p ≤ 0.001) but not in item performance measure. Neither the standard treatment nor the VE program led to improvement in standardized cognitive measures. Participants perceived both programs as enjoyable and beneficial. The refusal rate was higher in the VE program (8.6%) than in the standard treatment (0%). But in general, the VE program was well-accepted by the psychiatric patients and it required minimal involvement of the clinician due to automatic difficulty level adjustment and performance recording. However, the VE program did not prove to be effective in improving cognitive performance in the standardized measures.
- MeSH
- antidepresiva aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- antipsychotika aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- bipolární porucha diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- depresivní poruchy diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- dětská psychiatrie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- panická porucha diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- posttraumatická stresová porucha diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- psychoterapie metody MeSH
- schizofrenie v dětství * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- schizofrenie diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zneužívané dítě diagnóza psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Schizophrenia research arose in the twentieth century and is currently rapidly developing, focusing on many parallel research pathways and evaluating various concepts of disease etiology. Today, we have relatively good knowledge about the generation of positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. However, the neural basis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia, especially cognitive symptoms, are still poorly understood. Finding new methods to uncover the physiological basis of the mental inabilities related to schizophrenia is an urgent task for modern neuroscience because of the lack of specific therapies for cognitive deficits in the disease. Researchers have begun investigating functional crosstalk between NMDARs and GABAergic neurons associated with schizophrenia at different resolutions. In another direction, the gut microbiota is getting increasing interest from neuroscientists. Recent findings have highlighted the role of a gut-brain axis, with the gut microbiota playing a crucial role in several psychopathologies, including schizophrenia and autism.There have also been investigations into potential therapies aimed at normalizing altered microbiota signaling to the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the central nervous system (CNS). Probiotics diets and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are currently the most common therapies. Interestingly, in rodent models of binge feeding, optogenetic applications have been shown to affect gut colony sensitivity, thus increasing colonic transit. Here, we review recent findings on the gut microbiota-schizophrenia relationship using in vivo optogenetics. Moreover, we evaluate if manipulating actors in either the brain or the gut might improve potential treatment research. Such research and techniques will increase our knowledge of how the gut microbiota can manipulate GABA production, and therefore accompany changes in CNS GABAergic activity.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek MeSH
- optogenetika MeSH
- osa mozek-střevo MeSH
- probiotika * MeSH
- schizofrenie * terapie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- antidepresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- antipsychotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- časná diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- paranoidní schizofrenie MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- psychotické poruchy MeSH
- schizofrenie * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
